Cosmetology Practice Exam 2016 ProProfs

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The correct answer is 9.0 - 9.6. Alkaline (cold) waves are hair treatments used for permanent hair waving or straightening. The pH level of these waves is important because it affects the hair's structure and how the wave or straightening process occurs. Alkaline waves typically have a higher pH level, ranging from 9.0 to 9.6, which helps to break down the hair's protein structure and make it more pliable. This allows the hair to be reshaped into the desired style.

The correct answer is "hair line and ears". When applying the base, it is important to start at the hairline and ears. This ensures that the base is evenly distributed and blended into the skin, creating a seamless transition between the base and the natural skin tone. Starting at the hairline and ears also helps to create a more natural and flawless look, as these areas are often more visible and prone to discoloration. By starting at these points, the base can be gradually blended into the rest of the face for a more cohesive and even application.

Medium press removes 60-75% of curl from hair. This means that when applying a medium press to hair, it will straighten out 60-75% of the natural curl present.

A hard press is a technique used to straighten curly hair using a hot comb or flat iron. It involves applying a significant amount of pressure and heat to the hair, which can result in a complete removal of curl. Therefore, the correct answer is 100, indicating that a hard press can remove 100% of curl from the hair.

The three types of hair pressings are categorized as soft, medium, and hard. These terms refer to the level of heat and pressure applied to the hair during the pressing process. Soft hair pressings involve low heat and minimal pressure, resulting in a gentle straightening effect. Medium hair pressings use slightly higher heat and pressure, providing a moderate straightening effect. Hard hair pressings involve the highest heat and pressure, resulting in a more intense and long-lasting straightening effect on the hair.

most resistant area of the head

Soft press is a hairstyling technique that uses a pressing comb and a low heat setting to straighten and smooth curly or wavy hair. It is a gentle method that removes around 50-60% of curl from the hair, providing a looser and more manageable texture. This explanation aligns with the given correct answer of "50-60".

A wavelength refers to the distance between successive peaks of waves. In the context of the given options, electromagnetic waves are the type of waves that exhibit this property. Electromagnetic waves include various forms of radiation such as visible light, radio waves, microwaves, and X-rays. These waves have different wavelengths and frequencies, which determine their properties and uses. Therefore, the correct answer is electromagnetic.

Acid-Balanced Waves have a 7.0 or neutral pH, which means they are not too acidic or alkaline. Due to their higher pH, these waves can process at room temperature without the need for additional heat from a hair dryer. This makes the process quicker and more convenient. Acid-Balanced Waves also produce firmer curls compared to true acid waves.

The pH of a true acid wave is between 4.5 and 7.0. This range indicates that the solution is acidic, as pH values below 7 are considered acidic. A pH of 4.5 to 7.0 suggests that the acid wave has a moderate level of acidity, which is suitable for certain chemical reactions or processes that require an acidic environment.

The cortex is the layer of the hair that determines the amount of curl it will hold. This is because the cortex contains proteins called keratin, which give the hair its strength and elasticity. The shape and arrangement of these proteins in the cortex determine the natural texture and curl pattern of the hair. So, the cortex plays a crucial role in determining how much curl the hair can hold.

Both A and B are the correct answers because for an upsweep style, you can use either an arc or C-shaped base as well as a rectangular base. The choice of base depends on the desired shape and style of the upsweep.

The correct answer is both A and C. The process described in the question, thinning the hair to graduated lengths with scissors using a sliding movement of the shears with the blade slightly open, is commonly known as effilating. It is also referred to as slithering. Therefore, both options A (effilating) and C (slithering) are correct.

Base Direction refers to the angle at which the rod is positioned on the head, whether it is horizontally, vertically, or diagonally. It also includes the directional pattern in which the hair is wrapped around the rod. This is an important factor in achieving the desired hairstyle or curl pattern. The base direction determines the direction in which the hair will fall and how the curls will be formed. It is crucial for hairstylists to understand and manipulate the base direction to create the desired look for their clients.

Neutralizing is the correct answer because it is an optional procedure in chemical relaxing. After the hair has been chemically relaxed, neutralizing is done to stop the chemical process and restore the hair's pH balance. This step is crucial to prevent any further damage to the hair and to ensure that the hair remains smooth and straight. Neutralizing products are applied to the hair and left on for a specific amount of time before being rinsed out. This helps to neutralize any remaining chemicals and lock in the desired relaxed state of the hair.

A solution is a stable physical mixture of two or more substances. In a solution, the solute particles are evenly distributed and do not settle out. This is different from other mixtures like emulsions, compounds, and elements. Emulsions are mixtures of two immiscible substances, compounds are formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements, and elements are pure substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances. Therefore, the correct answer is solution.

For white, lightened or tinted hair, it is advisable to use a low heat iron or tepid iron. This is because these types of hair are more fragile and prone to damage. Using excessive heat can cause further damage, such as breakage, dryness, and color fading. Therefore, it is recommended to use a lower heat setting or a tepid iron to style these types of hair, minimizing the risk of damage.

Hydroxide relaxers are chemical products used for hair straightening. The pH level of a hydroxide relaxer determines its strength and effectiveness. A pH lower than 13.0 indicates that the relaxer is more acidic and milder in nature. This lower pH helps to minimize damage to the hair during the straightening process. Hydroxide relaxers with a pH over 13.0 would be highly alkaline and could cause severe damage to the hair. Therefore, the correct answer is "lower than 13.0".

The correct answer is "lin". Lin is an imported wool fiber that is available in black or brown with a matte finish. It is commonly used in hair extensions.

Both using a white end paper and a damp towel are suitable methods for testing the temperature of a thermal iron. The white end paper can be used to see if the iron is hot enough by pressing it onto the paper and checking for any scorch marks. On the other hand, a damp towel can be used to test if the iron is too hot by pressing it onto the towel and observing if any steam is produced. Using both methods ensures that the iron is at the correct temperature for ironing without damaging the fabric.

The correct answer is crown. When applying a perm wave solution, you start at the crown of the head. This is the topmost part of the head where the hair forms a natural peak or highest point. Starting at the crown ensures that the perm solution is evenly distributed throughout the hair and helps to create a uniform curl or wave pattern.

Alkaline waves, also known as cold waves, have a pH between 9.0 and 9.6. They use ammonium thioglycolate (ATG) as the reducing agent and do not require the addition of heat during processing, as they are done at room temperature. This type of wave is commonly used for perming hair.

Periodic strand testing during processing will help to tell you when the hair is relaxed. This means that by conducting strand tests at various stages of the hair processing, such as perming or straightening, you can determine when the hair has reached the desired level of relaxation or straightness. This allows you to monitor the progress and ensure that the hair is not over-processed or damaged.

Inorganic Chemistry is the study of substances that do not contain the element carbon. However, some inorganic compounds may contain the element hydrogen. Hydrogen is a versatile element that can form compounds with many other elements, including metals and nonmetals. These compounds are important in various fields such as industrial processes, energy production, and environmental science. Therefore, hydrogen can be present in inorganic compounds, making it a possible element in the study of Inorganic Chemistry.

Base placement refers to the position of the rod in relation to its base section. It is determined by the angle at which the hair is wrapped. This means that when styling hair using rods, the base placement determines where the hair will be positioned on the rod, which ultimately affects the final result of the hairstyle.

Chemical hair relaxing refers to the process of altering the natural structure of curly hair to make it straighter or smoother. This is achieved by using chemical products that break down the protein bonds in the hair, allowing it to be reshaped. The result is a more manageable and sleek appearance.

The question is asking for the names of curl mobility roller stems. The correct answer includes "no stem curl," "half stem curl," and "full stem curl." These are the different variations or options available for curl mobility roller stems.

The main ingredients in a neutralizer are sodium perborate and hydrogen peroxide. These ingredients work together to neutralize any remaining chemicals or residues on the hair after a chemical treatment, such as a perm or a relaxer. Sodium perborate acts as an oxidizing agent, while hydrogen peroxide helps to break down and remove any remaining chemicals. This combination of ingredients ensures that the hair is left in a neutral state, preventing any further damage or chemical reactions.

Suspensions are solutions that contain undissolved particles that are visible to the naked eye. In a suspension, the particles are usually larger and do not dissolve completely in the solvent. Instead, they remain suspended and can be seen floating or settling at the bottom of the solution. This is different from mixtures, which can be a combination of two or more substances that are evenly distributed, and solutes, which are substances that dissolve in a solvent. Emulsions, on the other hand, are mixtures of two or more immiscible substances, typically with one being dispersed as droplets in the other.

The thermal iron comb should be 7 inches long and made out of hard rubber. This material is suitable for thermal iron combs as it is heat resistant and can withstand high temperatures without melting or deforming. Additionally, the 7-inch length provides enough surface area to effectively style and straighten hair.

The papillary layer is the layer directly beneath the epidermis. It is composed of loose connective tissue and contains blood vessels, nerve endings, and sensory receptors. This layer is responsible for providing nutrients to the epidermis and plays a role in regulating body temperature. It also helps in forming the ridges and grooves on the surface of the skin, which give rise to fingerprints.

The correct answer is base, steam, and curl. These are the parts of a roller. The base is the bottom part of the roller that provides stability and support. Steam refers to the steam mechanism or system used in certain types of rollers. Curl refers to the cylindrical shape of the roller, which allows it to roll smoothly over surfaces.

Karaya gum is the main ingredient in finger waving lotion. Finger waving is a hairstyling technique that creates S-shaped waves in the hair. Karaya gum is a natural gum derived from the Indian tree Sterculia urens. It is commonly used in hair products due to its ability to provide hold and texture. Karaya gum helps to create and maintain the desired wave pattern in finger waving, making it the main ingredient in finger waving lotion.

Hydrogen bonds are weak chemical bonds that occur between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen. These bonds play a crucial role in the structure and strength of various biological molecules, including hair. The correct answer, 1/3, suggests that hydrogen bonds contribute approximately one-third of the total strength of a hair strand. This implies that other factors, such as disulfide bonds and van der Waals forces, also contribute to the overall strength of hair.

The thinnest and weakest section of the hair strands are located at the twist. This is because the twist is the point where the hair strands are bent or turned, causing stress and potential damage. The twisting motion can weaken the hair strands and make them more prone to breakage.

On base placement refers to wrapping the hair directly on top of the base section, without any elevation or angling. In this technique, the hair is wrapped perpendicular to its base section. Therefore, the given correct answer suggests that the hair is not wrapped at an angle beyond perpendicular to its base section, ruling out off base and half off base placements.

When conducting a hair analysis for chemical texture services, it is crucial to take into account various factors such as texture, density, porosity, elasticity, and growth direction. While texture, density, porosity, and elasticity determine the overall condition and suitability of the hair for specific treatments, growth direction refers to the natural direction in which the hair grows. Understanding the growth direction helps stylists determine the best techniques and styles to achieve desired results.

Thio relaxers are a type of hair relaxer that use chemicals with a high alkaline pH level to break down the protein structure of the hair. This process allows for the restructuring of the hair's bonds, resulting in a straighter and more relaxed texture. A pH level above 10 is considered highly alkaline, which is necessary for the thio relaxer to effectively alter the hair's structure. Therefore, the correct answer is above 10.

A square shaped base pincurl can be done anywhere on the head because it refers to the technique of creating a square-shaped base for the curl. This means that it can be done on the sides, hairline, or apex area, depending on the desired hairstyle or curl placement. The flexibility of being able to do it anywhere allows for versatility and customization in hairstyling.

Glyceryl thioglycolate is the main ingredient in acid perm wave solution. It is a chemical compound that is responsible for breaking and reforming the disulfide bonds in the hair, allowing it to be reshaped. This ingredient is commonly used in acid perms because it has a lower pH level and is gentler on the hair compared to other perm solutions. It helps to create a more natural-looking and long-lasting curl or wave pattern.

The pH of acid-balanced waves is between 7.8 and 8.2. This range indicates that the waves are slightly alkaline or basic in nature. Acid-balanced waves are commonly used in hair treatments to create curls or waves in the hair. The pH range ensures that the hair is not overly acidic, which could cause damage, but also not too alkaline, which could make the hair overly dry. This pH range helps to maintain the balance and health of the hair while achieving the desired style.

Base control refers to the position of the tool in relation to its base section, which is determined by the angle at which the hair is wrapped. This term is often used in hairstyling to describe how the tool is positioned and manipulated to achieve a desired result. By controlling the base, stylists can create different effects and styles in the hair.

The correct answer for this question is stabilizers and fixative. These two terms are used as alternative names for neutralizers. Stabilizers are substances that help maintain the stability or balance of a solution, while fixative is a substance that is used to fix or preserve something. In the context of neutralizers, both stabilizers and fixative can refer to substances that neutralize or counteract the effects of another substance.

The waving area of the thermal iron consists of two parts: the rod and the shell. The rod is the central component that heats up and is responsible for transferring heat to the hair. The shell is the outer covering of the iron that helps to distribute the heat evenly and protect the hair from direct contact with the hot rod.

The stem part of a pincurl makes it stationary and is attached to the scalp. This means that the stem is responsible for holding the pincurl in place and preventing it from moving or unraveling. By being attached to the scalp, the stem ensures that the pincurl stays secure and maintains its shape. This allows for a more controlled and precise hairstyling technique.

The peripheral nervous system is responsible for carrying impulses or messages to and from the central nervous system. It consists of nerves that extend from the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body, allowing communication between the central nervous system and the organs, muscles, and tissues. The peripheral nervous system controls voluntary movements, such as walking, as well as involuntary functions, such as heartbeat and digestion. It plays a crucial role in transmitting sensory information to the brain and coordinating motor responses.

A preliminary test curl before giving a perm wave can provide three important facts: the correct processing time, the results you can expect, and the curl results from the rod size and wrap method. This test helps determine the appropriate amount of time needed for the perm to process, gives an idea of the final outcome of the perm, and allows for adjustments in rod size and wrapping technique to achieve the desired curl. The other options, such as damage of hair, elasticity of hair, and condition of hair ends, are not directly related to the preliminary test curl.

The correct answer lists four types of hydroxide relaxers: sodium, potassium, lithium, and guanidine. These are all types of chemicals that are commonly used in hair relaxer products. Each of these hydroxide relaxers works by breaking down the protein structure in the hair, allowing it to be straightened. Sodium hydroxide is one of the most common types of relaxers and is known for its strong and effective results. Potassium hydroxide is typically used on more sensitive scalps. Lithium hydroxide is often used on coarse or resistant hair types. Guanidine hydroxide is a milder option that is commonly used in no-lye relaxers.

The question is asking to select all the pincurl bases. The correct answer includes rectangle, triangle, square, and arc or c shaped. These are all different shapes that can be used as bases for creating pincurls in hairstyling.

The reticular layer is the deeper layer of the dermis that supplies the skin with all of its oxygen and nutrients. This layer contains blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves, which deliver oxygen and nutrients to the skin cells. It also houses sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and hair follicles, which are important for maintaining the health and function of the skin. The reticular layer is responsible for providing support and strength to the skin, as well as regulating temperature and sensation.

The stratum spinosum is the layer of the epidermis where the process of skin cell shedding begins. This layer is located above the stratum germinativum and below the stratum granulosum. The cells in the stratum spinosum are connected by desmosomes, which give them a spiny appearance. As new cells are produced in the stratum germinativum, they push older cells into the stratum spinosum. These older cells then undergo a process called desquamation, where they are shed from the skin's surface.

The processing time for a relaxer may vary depending on the hair type, condition, strength of the relaxer, and desired results. Different hair types may require different processing times to achieve the desired level of relaxation. The condition of the hair, such as its health and previous chemical treatments, can also affect the processing time. The strength of the relaxer refers to its potency, and a stronger relaxer may require a shorter processing time. Lastly, the desired results, such as the level of straightness or curl retention, can also influence the processing time.

The different types of perm wraps include the basic wrap, curvature wrap, brick lay wrap, weave technique, and piggy back wrap. These techniques are used to achieve different styles and effects in perming hair. The flint lay wrap is not a type of perm wrap technique.

A pure substance refers to a type of matter that is made up of only one type of particle or molecule. It has a fixed and definite composition, meaning that its components are present in specific proportions. In this context, a chemical combination of matter in definite proportions fits the description of a pure substance. It implies that the substance is not a mixture or a combination of different substances, but rather a single, homogeneous entity.

The size of the roller base used is determined by both the texture and roller size. The texture of the surface being painted can affect the size of the roller base needed to ensure proper coverage and application. Additionally, the roller size itself plays a role in determining the size of the roller base used, as different roller sizes are suitable for different types of projects and surfaces. Elasticity and porosity, although relevant factors in certain contexts, do not directly determine the size of the roller base used.

The size of the pincurl base is determined by the texture and style of the hair. Different hair textures and styles require different base sizes to achieve the desired result.

texture:diameter of hair
density : number of hairs per square inch
porosity: ability to absorb moisture
elasticity :ability to stretch in growth direction

No-base relaxers and base relaxers differ in terms of the need for a protective cream. No-base relaxers do not require a protective cream as they already contain a base cream that will melt at room temperature. On the other hand, base relaxers necessitate the application of a protective base cream to the entire scalp.

Chemical Texture Services are hair services that involve the use of chemicals to permanently change the natural wave pattern of the hair. These services can include procedures such as perming, relaxing, or straightening the hair. By applying specific chemicals, the hair's structure is altered, resulting in a new texture that is different from the hair's natural wave pattern. These services are popular among individuals who want to achieve a different hairstyle or manage their hair's texture more easily.

The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin and is composed of five layers. These layers are the stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, and stratum germinativum. The stratum corneum is the outermost layer and consists of dead skin cells that provide protection to the underlying layers. The stratum lucidum is a clear layer found only in thick skin areas. The stratum granulosum contains granules that help in the production of keratin. The stratum spinosum is responsible for the synthesis of keratinocytes. The stratum germinativum is the innermost layer and is responsible for the production of new skin cells.

partial perm

A soft curl permanent is a hair treatment that involves using a combination of thio relaxer and thio permanent. Thio relaxer helps to loosen the natural curl pattern of the hair, while thio permanent helps to create a new curl pattern. The hair is then wrapped on large rods to set the desired curl shape. This treatment results in soft, bouncy curls that last for a long time.