Basic Physiology Test For Students! MCQ Trivia Quiz
How is your revision for the physiology finals coming up? Do you feel like you have a good understanding of the human body and how it functions? Below is a basic physiology test for students that will give them an idea of what their degree of knowledge is like. Why don’t you give it a shot and find out where you stand!
- 1.
Hormones consist of all the following except
- A.
Steroids
- B.
Proteins
- C.
Carbohydrates
- D.
Amines
Correct Answer
C. CarbohydratesExplanation
Hormones are chemical messengers that regulate various physiological processes in the body. They can be classified into different types based on their chemical structure. Steroids, proteins, and amines are all types of hormones. However, carbohydrates are not typically classified as hormones. Carbohydrates primarily serve as a source of energy in the body and are not involved in hormonal regulation. Therefore, the correct answer is carbohydrates.Rate this question:
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- 2.
ِAction potential occurs in all of the following except :
- A.
Neuron membrane
- B.
Muscle membrane
- C.
Schwann cells that surround the axon of the neuron
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
C. Schwann cells that surround the axon of the neuronExplanation
Action potential is a brief electrical signal that travels along the membrane of a neuron or muscle cell. It is initiated by the opening and closing of ion channels in the membrane, which allows for the rapid movement of ions in and out of the cell. Schwann cells, on the other hand, are responsible for providing insulation and support to the axon of a neuron. They do not generate or propagate action potentials themselves. Therefore, the correct answer is Schwann cells that surround the axon of the neuron.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Absolute refractory period is
- A.
The period at which the neuron obey triggering action potentials
- B.
The second action potential cannot be intiated
- C.
The period which the neuron responds to stimulation by stronger stimulus
- D.
A+b
Correct Answer
B. The second action potential cannot be intiatedExplanation
The absolute refractory period refers to the period in which the neuron is unable to generate a second action potential, regardless of the strength of the stimulus. This is due to the fact that during this period, the neuron's voltage-gated sodium channels are inactivated and unable to open, preventing the initiation of another action potential.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Which of the following is wrong about resting membrane potential :
- A.
More permeability to K+ than Na+
- B.
The Na+-K+ pump is inhibited
- C.
Has negative potential on the inside
- D.
Is close to the equilibrium of K+
Correct Answer
B. The Na+-K+ pump is inhibitedExplanation
The resting membrane potential is the electrical charge difference across the cell membrane when the cell is at rest. It is maintained by the unequal distribution of ions such as K+ and Na+ across the membrane. The correct answer states that the Na+-K+ pump is inhibited, which is wrong. The Na+-K+ pump actively transports Na+ out of the cell and K+ into the cell, contributing to the establishment of the resting membrane potential. If the pump is inhibited, it would disrupt the balance of ions and affect the resting membrane potential.Rate this question:
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- 5.
All the following sentences are true about action potential except :
- A.
Is produced by the opening of Na+ and K+ voltage gated channels
- B.
Is produced only in cell that have negative resting membrane potential
- C.
Is graded responses
- D.
Its fast upstroke is produced by influx of Na+
Correct Answer
C. Is graded responsesExplanation
The statement "Is graded responses" is not true about action potential. Action potential is an all-or-nothing response, meaning that once the threshold is reached, it will always result in a full depolarization of the cell membrane. Graded responses, on the other hand, are responses that can vary in magnitude depending on the strength of the stimulus.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Salutatory conduction :
- A.
Describes fast conduction of action potential in myelinated neuron
- B.
Involves the action potential jumping from one node of Ranvier to the next
- C.
Saves large quantity of ATP
- D.
All the above are true
Correct Answer
D. All the above are trueExplanation
Salutatory conduction refers to the fast conduction of action potentials in myelinated neurons. This is achieved by the action potential jumping from one node of Ranvier to the next, which allows for a quicker transmission of the signal. This jumping mechanism saves a large quantity of ATP, as the action potential does not have to propagate along the entire length of the axon. Therefore, all of the statements provided are true.Rate this question:
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- 7.
The membrane is more permeable to K+ than Na+ :
- A.
At resting potential
- B.
During the rising phase of action potential
- C.
During the falling phase of action potential
- D.
All the above
- E.
A +C
Correct Answer
E. A +CExplanation
The membrane is more permeable to K+ than Na+ during all the mentioned phases. This is because the resting potential is maintained by a higher permeability to K+ ions, which allows them to move out of the cell more easily than Na+ ions. During the rising phase of the action potential, the membrane becomes more permeable to Na+ ions, leading to their influx and depolarization of the cell. However, during the falling phase of the action potential, the membrane again becomes more permeable to K+ ions, allowing them to move out of the cell and repolarize it. Therefore, the correct answer is A + C.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Which ion has low concentration outside the cell membrane?
- A.
Sodium
- B.
Potassium
- C.
Chloride
- D.
D- A&C
Correct Answer
B. PotassiumExplanation
Potassium ion has a low concentration outside the cell membrane. This is because the cell membrane contains ion channels that allow potassium ions to move out of the cell more easily than other ions. As a result, potassium ions tend to diffuse out of the cell, leading to a lower concentration outside the cell membrane compared to inside.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Sodium potassium pump:
- A.
Actively Transports 3 Na+ inside & 2K+ outside
- B.
Passively Transports 3 Na+ outside & 2K+ inside.
- C.
Passively Transports 3 Na+ inside & 2K+ outside
- D.
Actively Transports 3 Na+ outside & 2K+ inside.
Correct Answer
D. Actively Transports 3 Na+ outside & 2K+ inside.Explanation
The sodium-potassium pump is an active transport mechanism that moves three sodium ions out of the cell and two potassium ions into the cell. This process requires energy in the form of ATP and helps maintain the electrochemical gradient across the cell membrane. By actively transporting sodium out and potassium in, the pump helps establish a negative charge inside the cell and a positive charge outside, which is crucial for various cellular processes such as nerve impulse transmission and muscle contraction.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Stretch channels diffuse Na+ because they stretch whenever a neurotransmitter binds to it.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Stretch channels do not diffuse Na+ when a neurotransmitter binds to it. Stretch channels are ion channels that open in response to mechanical force or stretch, allowing ions such as Na+ to flow across the cell membrane. They are not directly involved in neurotransmitter binding or diffusion. Therefore, the statement is false.Rate this question:
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- 11.
The membrane can be stimulated by a supra-threshold stimulus during:
- A.
Relative Refractory period.
- B.
Absolute refractory period
- C.
Resting membrane potential
- D.
A & C
Correct Answer
D. A & CExplanation
During the relative refractory period, the membrane is in a state where it is hyperpolarized and requires a stronger stimulus to reach the threshold for an action potential. At resting membrane potential, the membrane is polarized but not actively firing. Therefore, during both the relative refractory period and resting membrane potential, a supra-threshold stimulus can stimulate the membrane and lead to an action potential.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Salutatory potential:
- A.
Also named point-to-point movement.
- B.
Consumes more ATP
- C.
Occur in the dendrites of nerves
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
D. None of the aboveExplanation
The given options do not provide an accurate explanation for salutatory potential. Salutatory potential refers to the rapid conduction of action potentials in myelinated nerve fibers, where the signal jumps from one node of Ranvier to another. It is not named point-to-point movement and does not occur in the dendrites of nerves. Additionally, the amount of ATP consumed during salutatory conduction is actually lower compared to continuous conduction. Therefore, the correct answer is "None of the above".Rate this question:
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- 13.
Chemical synapses are faster than electrical synapses because:
- A.
Neurotransmitters travel through synaptic cleft.
- B.
Chemical interaction between regulators and receptors are much faster than ion movement.
- C.
Because jap junctions are slower than Neurotransmitters
- D.
This statement is false
Correct Answer
D. This statement is falseExplanation
The statement is false because chemical synapses are actually slower than electrical synapses. While neurotransmitters do travel through the synaptic cleft, the process of chemical interaction between regulators and receptors is slower than the movement of ions in electrical synapses. Additionally, the mention of "jap junctions" is likely a typo or error, as it is not a relevant term in this context.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Anion channels pass positive ions like Na+ because they are lined with negative charges.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Anion channels actually pass negative ions, such as chloride ions (Cl-), because they are lined with positive charges. This allows for the movement of negative ions across the cell membrane.Rate this question:
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- 15.
To increase the excitability of the cell membrane (excite it):
- A.
Open chloride ion channels
- B.
Increase conductance of K+
- C.
Decreasing excitatory membrane receptors.
- D.
Increasing the activity of sodium-potassium pump
- E.
None of the above
Correct Answer
E. None of the aboveExplanation
The correct answer is "None of the above." None of the given options would increase the excitability of the cell membrane. Opening chloride ion channels would actually inhibit the cell, increasing the conductance of K+ would hyperpolarize the cell and decrease its excitability, decreasing excitatory membrane receptors would also decrease excitability, and increasing the activity of the sodium-potassium pump would not directly affect cell excitability. Therefore, none of the options listed would increase the excitability of the cell membrane.Rate this question:
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- 16.
The sinus node is:
- A.
Excitable muscle fibers
- B.
Excitable nerve fibers.
- C.
Found between myelin sheaths.
- D.
Found in the brain
Correct Answer
A. Excitable muscle fibersExplanation
The sinus node is a group of specialized cells located in the right atrium of the heart. These cells are responsible for initiating electrical impulses that regulate the heart's rhythm and coordinate its contractions. Since the sinus node is part of the heart and not the brain, it cannot be found in the brain. Additionally, the sinus node consists of muscle fibers rather than nerve fibers, as it is responsible for generating and conducting electrical signals within the heart muscle.Rate this question:
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- 17.
To increase transmission of information across synapse:
- A.
We increase the number of action potentials
- B.
Increase in the synthesis of neurotransmitters
- C.
Increasing receptors on postsynaptic membrane
- D.
Producing antagonists
- E.
All excepts D
Correct Answer
E. All excepts DExplanation
Increasing the number of action potentials, increasing the synthesis of neurotransmitters, and increasing receptors on the postsynaptic membrane are all ways to increase the transmission of information across synapses. Producing antagonists, on the other hand, would inhibit or block the transmission of information, so it would not increase the transmission. Therefore, all options except D would contribute to increasing the transmission of information across synapses.Rate this question:
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- 18.
What stops K+ to move outside the membrane?
- A.
Concentration difference
- B.
Concentration gradient
- C.
Repulsion force
- D.
Osmotic pressure
Correct Answer
C. Repulsion forceExplanation
The repulsion force stops K+ from moving outside the membrane. This force occurs due to the presence of other positive ions inside the membrane, including K+ itself. Like charges repel each other, so the positive charges of K+ are repelled by the positive charges of the other ions. This repulsion force prevents K+ from moving outside the membrane and keeps it confined within the cell.Rate this question:
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- 19.
The default state of Na voltage gated channel:
- A.
Activation gates are closed & inactivation gates are open
- B.
Activation gates are closed & inactivation gates are closed
- C.
Inactivation gates are closed & activation gates are open
- D.
Both activation & inactivation are open.
Correct Answer
A. Activation gates are closed & inactivation gates are openExplanation
The default state of Na voltage gated channel is characterized by closed activation gates and open inactivation gates. This means that the channel is not allowing the flow of sodium ions, as the closed activation gates prevent the ions from entering the channel, while the open inactivation gates allow the ions to exit the channel. This state is important for maintaining the resting membrane potential of the cell and preventing the continuous influx of sodium ions.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Action potential amplitude cannot be increased or decreased because:
- A.
All or none concept
- B.
Local current
- C.
Graded potential
- D.
Decreased potential permeability
Correct Answer
A. All or none conceptExplanation
The action potential amplitude cannot be increased or decreased because of the all or none concept. This concept states that once the threshold is reached, an action potential will occur and its amplitude will be constant, regardless of the strength of the stimulus. This means that the action potential will either fire at full amplitude or not at all, without any variation in between. Therefore, it is not possible to increase or decrease the amplitude of the action potential.Rate this question:
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- 21.
To increase conduction velocity in nerves:
- A.
We use unmyelinated cells because they are thinner
- B.
Decrease the temperature
- C.
Decrease fluidity of membrane to make it solidify
- D.
Raise pH of the solution.
Correct Answer
D. Raise pH of the solution.Explanation
Raising the pH of the solution can increase conduction velocity in nerves. This is because an increase in pH can lead to a decrease in the concentration of hydrogen ions, which can reduce the positive charge on the membrane and make it more permeable to ions. This increased permeability allows for faster conduction of electrical signals along the nerve.Rate this question:
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- 22.
The nervous system is composed of:
- A.
Central nervous system & cardiovascular system
- B.
Central nervous system & peripheral nervous system
- C.
Peripheral nervous system & motor nerves
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
B. Central nervous system & peripheral nervous systemExplanation
The correct answer is central nervous system & peripheral nervous system. The nervous system is composed of two main parts: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS includes the brain and spinal cord, which are responsible for processing and coordinating information. The PNS consists of all the nerves outside of the CNS, including sensory nerves that transmit information from the body to the CNS and motor nerves that transmit signals from the CNS to the muscles and glands.Rate this question:
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- 23.
What is a bouton?
- A.
A synapse
- B.
Terminal knobs
- C.
Presynaptic membrane
- D.
Postsynaptic membrane
- E.
B & C
Correct Answer
E. B & CExplanation
A bouton refers to the terminal knob on the presynaptic membrane of a neuron. It is a specialized structure involved in the transmission of signals between neurons at a synapse. Therefore, the correct answer is B & C, as boutons are found on both the terminal knobs and the presynaptic membrane.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Fatigue is:
- A.
Destruction of muscle fibers
- B.
Scale of measurement for death in tissue
- C.
A protective mechanism that prevents causing damage to cells
- D.
A+B
Correct Answer
C. A protective mechanism that prevents causing damage to cellsExplanation
Fatigue is a protective mechanism that prevents causing damage to cells. When the body is fatigued, it is a signal that the muscles have reached their limit and need rest to prevent further damage. Fatigue helps to prevent overexertion and injury by signaling the body to slow down or stop before causing harm to the cells and tissues. It is a natural response that allows the body to recover and repair itself, ensuring the overall well-being and functionality of the cells.Rate this question:
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- 25.
When the presynaptic membrane of terminals connect to dendrites, the postsynaptic membrane is:
- A.
Axodendritic
- B.
Axosomatic
- C.
Axoaxonic
- D.
Terminodendratic
Correct Answer
A. AxodendriticExplanation
When the presynaptic membrane of terminals connect to dendrites, the postsynaptic membrane is axodendritic. This means that the connection between the presynaptic terminal and the postsynaptic dendrite is made through the axon of the presynaptic neuron and the dendrite of the postsynaptic neuron. This type of connection is the most common in the nervous system and allows for the transmission of signals between neurons.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Not a part of nerve cell:
- A.
Axon
- B.
Dendrites
- C.
Terminals
- D.
Axon hillock
- E.
None of the above
Correct Answer
E. None of the aboveExplanation
The question asks for a part of a nerve cell that is not included in the given options. The options listed are Axon, Dendrites, Terminals, and Axon hillock. All of these options are actually parts of a nerve cell. Therefore, the correct answer is "None of the above" as none of the given options are excluded from being a part of a nerve cell.Rate this question:
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- 27.
What is the main contributor to the resting membrane potential?
- A.
Na+ voltage gated channels
- B.
K+ leaky channels.
- C.
Na+ stretch channels
- D.
Synapse
Correct Answer
B. K+ leaky channels.Explanation
The main contributor to the resting membrane potential is K+ leaky channels. These channels allow the passive movement of K+ ions out of the cell, creating a negative charge inside the cell compared to the outside. This establishes the electrical potential difference across the cell membrane, which is essential for various cellular processes and the transmission of nerve impulses. Na+ voltage gated channels and Na+ stretch channels are involved in the generation and propagation of action potentials, while synapses are sites of communication between neurons and do not directly contribute to the resting membrane potential.Rate this question:
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- 28.
G protein is activated when:
- A.
It is separated from β and γ components and connected to ATP or GTP
- B.
It is separated from α component and connected to ADP
- C.
Is connected to α,β and γ components and bound to ADP
- D.
Separated from all components and bound to ATP
- E.
None of the above
Correct Answer
A. It is separated from β and γ components and connected to ATP or GTPExplanation
When the G protein is separated from the β and γ components and connected to ATP or GTP, it becomes activated. This is because the binding of ATP or GTP allows the G protein to undergo a conformational change, enabling it to interact with other signaling molecules and initiate downstream signaling pathways. The separation from the β and γ components is necessary for the G protein to function independently and carry out its signaling role.Rate this question:
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- 29.
The role of Ca+2 channels that cause plateau:
- A.
Depolarizing the membrane
- B.
Elongation of action potential
- C.
Let Ca+2 Passively cross inside the membrane
- D.
All of the above
Correct Answer
D. All of the aboveExplanation
The role of Ca+2 channels that cause plateau includes depolarizing the membrane, elongating the action potential, and allowing Ca+2 to passively cross inside the membrane. All of these actions contribute to the plateau phase of the action potential.Rate this question:
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- 30.
Types of neurotransmitters:
- A.
Acetylcholine
- B.
Norepinephrine
- C.
Glycine
- D.
Histamine
- E.
All of the above
Correct Answer
E. All of the aboveExplanation
The correct answer is "All of the above" because acetylcholine, norepinephrine, glycine, and histamine are all types of neurotransmitters. Neurotransmitters are chemical substances that transmit signals between nerve cells in the brain and other parts of the body. Each neurotransmitter has specific functions and is involved in various physiological processes, such as regulating mood, behavior, and cognition. Therefore, all of the listed substances are examples of neurotransmitters.Rate this question:
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