NCLEX Pharmacology Quiz 43 Gastrointestinal Medications

The nurse instructs the client to take Sucralfate (Carafate) 1 hour before meals because this medication forms a protective layer over the ulcer, preventing further damage and promoting healing. Taking it before meals ensures that the medication has time to form this protective layer before food is consumed, maximizing its effectiveness. Taking it 1 hour after meals or with an antacid may interfere with the medication's ability to form the protective layer. Taking it at lunchtime does not specify whether it should be taken before or after meals, so it is not the correct answer.

The most appropriate statement is "It will decrease your diarrhea and your bowel can rest." This is because the client is experiencing diarrhea and abdominal pain episodes, which can be exacerbated by oral intake. By not giving anything per orem and instead providing Total Parenteral Nutrition, the client's bowel can rest and the diarrhea can decrease. This statement accurately reflects the benefits of withholding oral intake in this situation.

Reduction of excess fat in feces would prompt the nurse about the medication having its therapeutic effect because Pancrelipase is a pancreatic enzyme replacement medication used to treat pancreatic insufficiency, which is characterized by the inability to properly digest and absorb fats. When the medication is effective, it helps to break down fats, leading to a reduction in the amount of fat present in the feces. Therefore, this symptom indicates that the medication is working as intended.

The nurse would be most concerned about the assessment finding of decreased urine output in a client receiving Sulfasalazine (Azulfidine) for ulcerative colitis treatment. Sulfasalazine is metabolized in the liver and excreted primarily through the kidneys. Decreased urine output could indicate impaired renal function, which can lead to drug accumulation and potential toxicity. It is important for the nurse to monitor the client's renal function and report any changes to the healthcare provider for further evaluation and intervention.

Bulk-forming laxatives are used to treat constipation by increasing the bulk and water content of the stool, making it easier to pass. Docusate Sodium (Colace) is not a bulk-forming laxative, but rather a stool softener. Stool softeners work by increasing the amount of water in the stool, making it softer and easier to pass. Therefore, it is not an example of a bulk-forming laxative. The other options, Methylcellulose (Citrucel), Polycarbophil (Fibercon), and Psyllium (Metamucil), are all examples of bulk-forming laxatives.

Opium tincture can be diluted with 15-30 ml of water.

The correct answer is "I can use mineral oil liquid for an extended period to prevent further damage". This statement shows a misunderstanding of the medication instructions. Mineral oil should not be used for an extended period of time as it can lead to vitamin deficiencies and other complications. The client should be taught that mineral oil is only meant for short-term use and should not be used as a preventive measure.

The priority nursing intervention for a client receiving an antiemetic is to keep the bed in a low position with side rails up. This is important because antiemetics can cause drowsiness and dizziness, increasing the risk of falls. Keeping the bed low and side rails up helps to ensure the client's safety and prevent any potential injuries. Monitoring intake and output, keeping items away from the bed, and giving the client privacy are also important interventions, but they are not the priority in this situation.

The correct answer is Polyethylene glycol and electrolytes (GoLYTELY). This medication is classified as an osmotic laxative because it works by drawing water into the intestines, which softens the stool and promotes bowel movements. Senna (Senokot) is a stimulant laxative, not an osmotic laxative. Mineral Oil is a lubricant laxative, not an osmotic laxative. Sodium Phosphate (Fleet enema) is a saline laxative, not an osmotic laxative.

The use of tegaserod is restricted to patients with IBS due to the serious cardiovascular adverse effect that may happen such as heart attack and stroke.