NCLEX Pharmacology Quiz 31 Anti-infective Drugs and Topical Agents

1. The human cells specifically affected by HIV are:

Gonadocytes

CD4+ T lymphocytes

Islet cells

Red blood cells

HIV directly affects CD4+ T lymphocytes.

Explanation

HIV directly affects CD4+ T lymphocytes.

2. Antitubercular therapy may be determined ineffective when:

Sputums are negative.

Symptoms resolve.

Hepatitis results.

Drug-resistant bacteria emerge.

The emergence of drug-resistant bacteria indicates that antitubercular therapy is ineffective because the drug(s) are no longer ending bacterial multiplication.

Explanation

The emergence of drug-resistant bacteria indicates that antitubercular therapy is ineffective because the drug(s) are no longer ending bacterial multiplication.

3. Which choice describes the action of nucleoside analogs?

Exert anti-HIV activity at the reverse transcriptase level and cause premature termination of viral DNA chain synthesis

Completely stop the replication of HIV virus

Allow for a patient to become non-contagious after taking for at least 3 days

Are all equally effective and free of side effects

This choice correctly describes the action of nucleoside analogs.

Explanation

This choice correctly describes the action of nucleoside analogs.

4. Which of the following true about protease inhibitors?

Work better when used alone.

Are the same as nucleoside analogs.

Affect replication of HIV at different stage than nucleoside analogs.

Have a high level of toxicity.

Protease inhibitors cleave the viral polyprotein precursors that are essential for the maturation of infectious virus. Nucleosides interfere with replication of HIV by inhibiting reverse transcriptase. Protease inhibitors work best when used in combination with other drugs.

Explanation

Protease inhibitors cleave the viral polyprotein precursors that are essential for the maturation of infectious virus. Nucleosides interfere with replication of HIV by inhibiting reverse transcriptase. Protease inhibitors work best when used in combination with other drugs.

5. Which of the following must always be present before beginning antifungal therapy?

Coagulation profile

Confirmed diagnosis

Biopsy of infected site

Urinalysis

The diagnosis of fungal infection as opposed to infection caused by virus or bacteria is necessary before beginning therapy with antifungal agents.

Explanation

The diagnosis of fungal infection as opposed to infection caused by virus or bacteria is necessary before beginning therapy with antifungal agents.

6. Which of the following nursing diagnoses might occur when administering large parenteral doses of amphotericin B with vancomycin (Vancocin)?

Decreased cardiac output

Ineffective airway clearance

Ineffective breathing pattern

Fluid volume excess

These two drugs are both nephrotoxic. so this nursing diagnosis may result from renal problems.

Explanation

These two drugs are both nephrotoxic. so this nursing diagnosis may result from renal problems.

7. When administering amphotericin B. which of the following must be used?

A brown bag to protect the infusion from the light

A diluent of 5% dextrose with no preservatives

A diluent of normal saline with alcohol

A micron filter of above l ?

Amphotericin B must be mixed with a solution with no preservatives. The solution is sensitive to light but does not require the infusion to be covered. A micron filter should not be used; if unavoidable. it must be less than 1 ?.

Explanation

Amphotericin B must be mixed with a solution with no preservatives. The solution is sensitive to light but does not require the infusion to be covered. A micron filter should not be used; if unavoidable. it must be less than 1 ?.

8. Arvic. a 16-year-old student. has acquired systemic fungal infection. he should be treated with:

Amphotericin B

Miconazole (Monistat IV)

Ketoconazole

Griseofulvin (Fulvicin)

Serious life-threatening fungal infections are treated with amphotericin B.

Explanation

Serious life-threatening fungal infections are treated with amphotericin B.

9. Fluconazole (Diflucan) can be administered to a client with:

Pneumococcal meningitis

Oral thrush

Cryptococcal meningitis

Pneumococcal pneumonia

Fluconazole (Diflucan) is a drug given for the treatment of cryptococcal meningitis. A and D are incorrect because pneumococcal meningitis and pneumonia are not caused by fungal infections. Oral thrush is treated with a more mild antifungal. such as nystatin.

Explanation

Fluconazole (Diflucan) is a drug given for the treatment of cryptococcal meningitis. A and D are incorrect because pneumococcal meningitis and pneumonia are not caused by fungal infections. Oral thrush is treated with a more mild antifungal. such as nystatin.

10. Which of the following statements is TRUE about monotherapy for treatment of HIV disease?

It is the only FDA-approved treatment for HIV disease

It is able to effectively destroy all viral particles of HIV

It interferes with the replication of HIV virus without causing any side effects

It appears to cause rapid resistance.

With monotherapy, resistance can emerge within a few months.

Explanation

With monotherapy, resistance can emerge within a few months.

NCLEX Pharmacology Quiz 31 Anti-infective Drugs And Topical Agents