Pretest Biomolecular Training Sci-i3l 2019

The given answer states that all of the characteristics mentioned in the options are true for cancer. This means that cancer does not require external growth signals, it can evade the body's immune system, and it can stimulate the growth of new blood vessels. Therefore, the correct answer is that all of these characteristics are true for cancer.

The correct answer is "Akibat mutasi gen dan epigenetik". This answer suggests that cancer is caused by genetic mutations and epigenetic changes. These changes in the genes and their regulation can lead to the uncontrolled growth and division of cells, which is characteristic of cancer. This explanation aligns with the current understanding of cancer development and the role of genetic and epigenetic alterations in its onset and progression.

Kanker Otak tidak termasuk dalam prevalensi 5 besar kanker yang paling umum di Indonesia.

The correct answer is "Amplifkasi dengan PCR tidak terbatas hanya pada DNA namun juga dapat dilakukan pada RNA." This statement is true because PCR can be used to amplify both DNA and RNA. PCR is a technique that allows for the amplification of specific DNA or RNA sequences, making multiple copies of the target molecule. This amplification process is crucial in various applications, such as genetic research, diagnostics, and forensic analysis. Therefore, the statement accurately describes the capabilities of PCR in amplifying both DNA and RNA.

The correct answer is "Menimbulkan mutasi DNA" because exposure to cigarette smoke can lead to mutations in DNA. Mutations in DNA are known to be one of the main factors that contribute to the development of cancer.

Mutasi DNA adalah perubahan nukleotida yang menimbulkan dampak klinis. Ini berarti bahwa mutasi tersebut mengakibatkan perubahan dalam susunan basa nukleotida yang dapat mempengaruhi fungsi normal dari gen atau protein yang terkait. Dampak klinis dapat berupa penyakit genetik, kelainan bawaan, atau risiko peningkatan terhadap penyakit tertentu.

A good Design Primer should have a melting temperature (Tm) within the range of 50-65oC.

The correct answer is "Kemampuan status biomarker untuk memperkirakan laju perkembangan kanker terlepas dari pengobatannya." This answer suggests that the prognostic value of a biomarker is its ability to predict the rate of cancer progression regardless of treatment.

The correct answer is "DNA -> Transkripsi -> RNA -> Translasi -> Protein." This sequence represents the central dogma of biology, which describes the flow of genetic information in cells. It states that DNA is transcribed into RNA through the process of transcription, and then the RNA is translated into proteins through the process of translation. This sequence accurately represents the steps involved in the central dogma and the order in which they occur.

The correct answer is that protein synthesis in cells is aided by tRNAs and ribosomes. This is true because tRNAs (transfer RNAs) are responsible for carrying specific amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis. The ribosomes then use the information from the mRNA (messenger RNA) to assemble the amino acids into a polypeptide chain, which forms the basis of a protein. Therefore, tRNAs and ribosomes play crucial roles in the process of protein synthesis in cells.