Proteins And Non-protein Nitrogen Compoounds Final Examination 2019

1. Which proteins are specifically affected? (2 pts) 2. Why are these proteins affected? (5 pts) 3. Give a condition that shows this serum protein electrophoretic pattern. (2 pts)

1. Which proteins are specifically affected? (2 pts) 2. Why are these proteins affected? (5 pts) 3. Give a condition that shows this serum protein electrophoretic pattern. (2 pts)

The acute phase reactant proteins include all of the following, except:

• Transferrin

• Alpha 1 atitrypsin

• Haptoglobin

• Fibrinogen

A peptide bond is

• Amino group and carboxyl group bonded to the alpha carbon

• ​​​​​A double carbon bond

• ​​​​​A tertiary ring of amino group and carboxyl group boned to the alpha carbon

• ​​​​​​Two amino groups bonded to the alpha carbon

1. The process of separating albumin from globulins using sodium sulfate is known as:

• Floatation

• Salting out

• Ultracentrifugation

• Protein precipitation

Which of the following is NOT true of the biuret reaction?

• Follows Beer’s Law for a measurable range of protein

• Depends on the presence of at least two peptide linkages

• ​​​​​​Is relatively free from interference by lipids and hemoglobin

• ​​​​​Is insensitive to the low protein levels of urine

Why is bromcresol purple the preferred indicator for albumin dye binding technique?

• It lends itself to manual and automated procedures best

• ​​​​​​It never bind with alpha and beta globulins

• It can be employed with heparinized plasma

• ​​​​​​There is less interference from the pigment

All of the following are glycoproteins, except

• Ceruloplasmin

• Follicle stimulating hormone

• Fibrinogen

• Cryoglobulin

Which of the following statements is true of albumin?

• ​​​​​​Compared to globulin, it makes up the lesser portion of total protein

• ​​​​​​Its size prevents its passage through a damaged glomerular barrier

• It is produced in the liver

• Clinical problems are usually related to high serum values

1. An elevated creatinine value is most likely to be accompanied by which of these values?

• ​​​Normal uric acid

• ​​​​​​Elevated uric acid, 10x creatinine value

• Normal blood urea nitrogen

• Elevated blood urea nitrogen, 10x creatinine value

The conversion of blood urea nitrogen to urea is:

• 2.10

• 2.14

• 3.14

• 6.25

Urinary creatine is elevated in which of the following?

• Cirhhosis of the liver

• Kidney failure

• Muscle destruction

• Intestinal blockage

The specificity of the Jaffe reaction can be enhanced by:

• Adsorption with Lloyd's reagent

• Boiling

• Prior treatment with uricase

• Prior treatment with urease

Proteins are precipitated by which of the following reagents in the Turbidimetric method?

• Phosphomolybdotungstic acid

• Tricholoroacetic acid

• Hydrochroloric acid

• Sodium hydroxide

Ceruloplasmin is an alpha 1 globulin that binds:

• Manganese

• Iron

• Cobalt

• Copper

The following pattern of serum protein electrophoresis is obtained:                 albumin: decreased                 A1 and A2 globulins: increased                 Gamma globulins: normal This pattern is characteristic of which of the following conditions?

• Acute inflammation

• Cirrhosis

• Nephrotic syndrome

• Gammopathy

The protein electrophoretic pattern of plasma, as compared with serum, reveals a

• Fibrinogen peak between the beta and gamma globulins

• ​​​​​​Broad increase in the gamma globulins

• ​​​​​​Fibrinogen peak with the A2 globulins

• ​​​​​​Decreased albumin peak

An immunofixation protein electrophoresis is performed on serum from a patient with the most common type of multiple myeloma. The resulting pattern revealed:

• Monoclonal bands of the IgG type

• Oligoclonal bands

• Beta-gamma bridging

• Monoclonal bands of the IgM type

When a protein is dissolved in a buffer solution, the pH of which is more alkaline than the pI, and an electric current is passed through the solution, the protein will act as

• An anion and migrate to the anode

• A cation and migrate to the cathode

• ​​​​​An anion and migrate to the cathode

• ​​​​​​An uncharged particle and will not move

Distinct oligoclonal bands in the gamma zone on CSF protein electrophoresis are diagnostic of

• Neoplasms

• Multiple myeloma

• ​​​​​​Waldentrom’s macroglobulinemia

• ^{Myoglobulinemia}

In a patient with nephrotic syndrome, the total protein levels in urine would be:

• Normal

• Lower than normal 

• Higher than normal

• Lower albumin levels and higher levels of IgG

Ammonia concentration are usually measured to evaluate

• Acid-base status

• Glomerular filtration

• Hepatic encephalopathy

• Renal failure

A urea N result of 9 mg/dL is obtained by a technologist. What is the urea concentration?

• 3.2 mg/dL

• 4.2 mg/dL

• 18.0 mg/dL

• 19.3 mg/dL

Uric acid is the final product of:

• Allantoin metabolism            

• Purine metabolism

• Amino acid metabolism

• Urea cycle

In the Jaffe reaction, a red-orange chromogen is formed when creatinine reacts with:

• Aluminum magnesium silicate

• Creatininase

• Phosphocreatinine

• Picric acid

A complete deficiency of hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase results in which disease?

• Lesch-Nyhan syndrome

• Maple Syrup Urine Disease

• Megaloblastic anemia

• Severe Combined Immunodeficiency

When measuring ammonia blood levels, which of the following might cause a false increase in this analyte?

• Px had two cigarettes 15 minutes prior to blood drawn

• Px was fasting for hours prior to blood collection

• Blood sample was maintained on ice

• Px had steak dinner the night before the blood draw

The Kjeldahl technique is the reference method for the determination of serum total protein. This method is based on the:

• Quantitation of peptide bonds

• Determination of the refractive index of proteins

• Ultraviolet light absorption by aromatic rings at 280 nm

• Quantitation of the nitrogen content of protein

A commonly used method for the quantitation of serum total proteins is the biuret procedure. The intensity of the color produced in the biuret reaction is dependent on:

• The molecular weight of the protein

• The acidity of the medium

• Carbonate-free NaOH

• The number of peptide bonds

The intensity of the color produced in the biuret reaction is dependent on the number of complexes formed between cupric ions and the peptide bonds of a protein. In order for this reaction to take place, it is necessary that the number of peptide bonds be at least:

• 2

• 4

• 8

• 10

Proteins may become denatured when subjected to mechanical agitation, heat, or extreme chemical treatment. Denaturation of proteins refers to:

• Alteration in 2^o structure

• Alteration in 3^o structure

• Alteration in 1^o structure

• Breaking of a peptide bond

A glycoprotein that binds with hemoglobin to facilitate the removal of hemoglobin by the reticuloendothelial system is:

• Haptoglobin

• Ceruloplasmin

• Alpha 1 antitrypsin

• C-reactive protein

In serum protein electrophoresis, when a buffer solution at pH 8.6 is used, the proteins will:

• Have a net negative charge

• Have a net positivecharge

• Be neutrally charged

• Migrate toward the cathode

A congenital disorder that is characterized by a split in the albumin band when serum is subjected to electrophoresis is known as _____, usually caused by _____:

• Analbuminemia; tetracycline  

• Analbuminemia; penicillin         

• Bisalbuminemia; penicillin         

• Bisalbuminemia; tetracycline

In cases of hepatoma, protein that is not normally found in adult serum but is synthesized by liver cells is:

• α1-acid glycoprotein

• α1-fetoprotein

• α2-macroglobulin

• Hemopexin

The acute phase reactant protein that is able to inhibit enzymatic proteolysis and has a high concentration of among the the plasma proteolytic inhibitors is:

• C-reactive protein

• α2-antichymotrypsin

• α2-macroglobulin

• α1-antitrypsin

Portal cirrhosis is a chronic disease of the liver. Observed on an electrophoretic serum protein pattern, a predominant

• A monoclonal band in the gamma region

• A polyclonal band in the gamma region

• A bridging between the beta and gamma region

• An increase in the α2-Globulin band

Dye-binding methods are used for the quantitation of albumin in serum without the preliminary extraction of the globulins. An anionic dye that binds selectively with albumin is:

• Amido black 

• Ninhydrin

• Ponceu S

• Bromcresol green

The liver is the primary source of the plasma proteins. All of the following plasma proteins are manufactured by the liver, except:

• Albumin

• Haptoglobin

• Fibrinogen

• IgG

Multiple myeloma, a plasma cell dyscrasia that usually affects persons over the age of 40 years, may be characterized by all of the following except:

• A monoclonal band in the gamma region

• Hyperalbuminemia

• Hyperproteinemia

• Hyperglobulinemia

Protein compounds contain approximately 16% nitrogen.

• True

• False

The following are transport proteins, except

• Transferrin

• C-reactive protein

• Ceruloplasmin

• Albumin

The following are specific stains for proteins, except for one.

• Scharlach R

• Ponceau S

• Amido black

• Coomassie brilliant blue

The following are classified under beta globulins: I   – Ceruloplasmin                          IV - Complement II  – Fibrinogen                                V  - Hemopexin III – C reactive protein                    VI – Haptoglobin

• II, I, IV

• II, III, IV

• II, IV, V

• II, V, VI

Which protein is also used as a marker for Alzheimer’s disease?

• ​​​​​​Alpha 1 anti-trypsin

• ​​​​​​Gc – globulin

• ​​​​​​Alpha 1 microglobulin

• ​​​​​​Alpha 1 anti-chymotrypsin

The following are classified under alpha 1 globulins: I  - lipoproteins                               IV - Fetoprotein II – Macroglobulin                           V – Anti-trypsin III – Fibrinogen                                VI – Transferrin

• I, II, III

• I, III, IV

• I, IV, V

• I, V, VI

(I) C – reactive protein increases one thousand times during inflammation. (II) Copper levels in the human is increased under the condition of Menke’s kinky hair syndrome.

• ​​​​​​First statement is true, second statement is false

• ​​​​​​First statement is false, second statement is true

• Both statements are true

• Both statements are false

(I) It is nephrotoxic (II) It is regarded as the gold standard in acute myocardial infarction

• (I) Troponin T; (II) myoglobin

• ​​​​​​(I) Ammonia; (II) Troponin I

• ​​​​​​(I) Uric acid; (II) BNP

• (I) Myoglobin; (II) Troponin I