Module 1 To 5

The statement is true because in software testing, test scenarios are designed to cover different test conditions. Test conditions are specific inputs or situations that need to be tested to ensure that the software functions correctly. By having multiple test conditions for a test scenario, it allows for a more comprehensive and thorough testing process, increasing the chances of identifying and resolving any potential issues or bugs in the software.

A mitigation plan refers to a strategy or course of action that is designed to reduce or eliminate the potential risks or negative impacts associated with a particular situation or project. It involves identifying potential risks, assessing their likelihood and severity, and implementing measures to prevent or minimize their occurrence. This plan aims to mitigate or lessen the impact of risks, making it the most appropriate option among the given choices.

Test scenarios created from ACE Methodology can be re-used by making the necessary customizations to fit the specific requirements of the application or geographic location. This means that instead of creating new test scenarios from scratch, existing scenarios can be modified and adapted as needed, saving time and effort. This allows for efficient and effective testing while ensuring that the scenarios are tailored to the specific context in which they will be used.

The test cases are signed off by the client because they are the ones who have the final say on whether the product meets their requirements and expectations. The client is the ultimate stakeholder in the project and their approval is necessary to ensure that the product is ready for release. The team lead, developer, and project manager may be involved in the testing process and provide input, but ultimately it is the client who has the authority to sign off on the test cases.

Test Scenario bridges the requirement analysis and the test development phase by providing a high-level description of the test conditions and the expected results. It helps in identifying the different paths and conditions that need to be tested based on the requirements. Test scenarios are derived from the requirements and serve as a basis for creating test cases. They act as a link between the requirements and the actual test cases, ensuring that all the necessary functionalities are covered during testing.

A test log is a chronological record of all the information about the test case execution. It includes details such as the date and time of execution, the tester's name, the test case ID, the test result (pass/fail), any defects found during the execution, and any additional comments or observations. This log helps in tracking the progress of testing, identifying patterns or trends in test results, and providing documentation for future reference or analysis.

The correct answer is "test Scenario" because it is the component that connects the requirement analysis and the test development phase. Test scenarios are created based on the requirements gathered during the analysis phase and serve as a basis for designing and developing test cases. They outline the specific conditions and actions that need to be tested to ensure the functionality of the system. Test scenarios act as a bridge between the initial understanding of the requirements and the actual implementation of test cases.

RACI stands for responsible, accountable, consulted, informed chart. This chart is a project management tool used to clarify and define roles and responsibilities within a project. The "responsible" role is responsible for completing the task, the "accountable" role is ultimately responsible for the task's success or failure, the "consulted" role provides input and expertise, and the "informed" role is kept up-to-date on the task's progress. This chart helps to ensure clear communication and accountability within a project team.

The inputs for Test Planning include both the Requirement Documents and the Test Strategy. Requirement documents provide the necessary information about the system or software being tested, while the Test Strategy outlines the approach and techniques to be used for testing. Both these inputs are essential for effective test planning, as they provide the necessary context and guidelines for designing the test cases and determining the testing scope and objectives.

Test data is the information that is used as input for executing test cases. It includes both valid and invalid data to assess the functionality and performance of the system under test. Test data is essential for testing as it helps in verifying the expected outcomes and identifying any defects or issues in the software. Therefore, proper preparation of test data is crucial to support the test conditions and test cases effectively.

Coverage is a measure used to assess the extent to which a particular condition, scenario, or set of requirements is addressed or tested. It is not a method or a test itself, but rather a metric that indicates the level of completeness or thoroughness in addressing a particular aspect. Therefore, coverage cannot be considered as a method or a test, but rather as a measure used to evaluate the effectiveness of methods or tests in meeting the desired criteria.

Before creating a test strategy, it is important to understand the development methodology, implementation methodology, and infrastructural availability. The development methodology refers to the approach used in developing the software, such as agile or waterfall. The implementation methodology refers to how the software will be implemented, such as through manual testing or automation. Infrastructural availability refers to the availability of resources, such as hardware and software, needed for testing. Considering all these factors is crucial in order to create an effective test strategy.

For larger projects, it is common to document the test strategy and test plan separately. The test strategy outlines the overall approach and objectives for testing, including the scope, test levels, test types, and resources required. On the other hand, the test plan provides detailed information about the specific tests to be executed, including test cases, test data, test environments, and schedules. Separating the documentation allows for a more organized and comprehensive understanding of the testing process, ensuring that all aspects of testing are adequately addressed.

If a dependency test case fails, it means that there is a test case that needs to be executed before the current test case can be run. Since the dependency test case has failed, it indicates that the required condition for the current test case to run has not been met. Therefore, the test case status is "Blocked" as it cannot be executed until the dependency test case passes.

"Fit For Use" refers to the quality of a product or service from the perspective of the customer. It means that the product or service meets the customer's specific needs and requirements, and is able to perform its intended function effectively. The customer's perspective is crucial in determining whether a product or service is fit for use, as they are the ones who will ultimately be using and benefiting from it. The producer, tester, and developer may have their own perspectives and criteria for evaluating the product, but ultimately it is the customer's satisfaction that determines if it is fit for use.

During the Test Development phase, testable business scenarios can be converted into test cases. This means that the business scenarios, which represent specific situations or conditions that need to be tested, can be broken down into individual test cases that cover all possible scenarios. These test cases will then be used to verify the functionality and performance of the system or software being tested. Therefore, the statement "Testable Business Scenarios can be translated to test cases during the Test Development phase" is true.

The correct answer is "Claims at every level". This means that in the regression test, we will verify the functionality of the insurance claim process at each level of approval, including the subsequent release where another approval has been inserted. This ensures that the changes made do not affect the overall process and that all levels of approval are still functioning correctly.

The statement "Test data may not be required for test scenarios" is true. Test data refers to the inputs or values that are used to test a particular scenario or functionality. In some cases, test scenarios can be designed in such a way that they do not require any specific test data. This could be because the scenario is focused on testing the behavior or functionality of the system rather than specific data inputs. Therefore, it is possible to have test scenarios that do not require test data.

The concept of drivers/stubs is used in Integration Testing. Integration Testing is a level of testing where individual software modules are combined and tested as a group to ensure that they work together correctly. Drivers are used to simulate the behavior of higher-level modules that are not yet integrated, while stubs simulate the behavior of lower-level modules that have already been integrated. This allows for testing of the interactions and interfaces between different modules, ensuring that they integrate seamlessly and function as intended.

The correct answer is "All the above" because RTM (Requirement Traceability Matrix) is a document that ensures all the test requirements are covered during the testing process. It links the test requirements with the test strategy, test plan, and test scenarios. Therefore, all the mentioned contents (Test Requirement, Test Strategy, Test Plan, and Test Scenarios) are included in the RTM.

The ACE Methodology can indeed be used for User Interface Testing. ACE stands for Analysis, Construction, and Execution, which are all crucial steps in the testing process. Analysis involves understanding the requirements and designing test cases for the user interface. Construction involves building the test cases and test data. Execution involves running the test cases and analyzing the results. Therefore, the ACE Methodology is applicable to User Interface Testing.

When an unforeseen event occurs during test execution, it is important to have a process in place to address and manage the situation. This process is typically referred to as escalation. Escalation involves raising the issue to the appropriate stakeholders and seeking their input and agreement on how to handle the situation. This could include identifying alternative approaches, allocating additional resources, or adjusting timelines to mitigate the impact of the event on the testing process. Escalation ensures that the necessary actions are taken promptly and effectively to address the unforeseen event and minimize its impact on the overall testing effort.

The correct answer is Delivery Manager. The Delivery Manager is responsible for overseeing the delivery of the software product or project. They are in charge of managing the entire delivery process, including identifying and prioritizing defects. As such, they have the authority to assign priority to defects based on their impact on the project timeline, customer satisfaction, and overall project goals. The other options listed, such as the Developer, Program Manager, and Build Manager, may be involved in the defect resolution process, but the final decision on priority lies with the Delivery Manager.

A failure refers to a situation where the visible behavior of a system deviates from what is expected or specified by the end-users. It indicates that the system is not functioning correctly and is not meeting the desired requirements or standards. This can occur due to various reasons such as bugs, errors, faults, or defects in the system.

Incident reports would not normally form part of a test plan because they are documents that record any unexpected events or issues that occur during testing or in production. Test plans, on the other hand, outline the objectives, scope, approach, and resources required for testing a software application. They typically include features to be tested, risks, and the schedule for executing the tests. Incident reports are separate documents that are created when issues or bugs are identified during testing or after the application has been deployed.

The term "master" in this context refers to a comprehensive and complete list of countries. It implies that the user is utilizing a reference or source that contains a complete and authoritative compilation of country names. This data is likely to be used as a standard or baseline for various purposes, such as data analysis, record-keeping, or system integration.

The correct answer is "All the above" because impact analysis is required in all of the mentioned scenarios. Impact analysis helps in understanding the potential effects and consequences of a change or bug fix on the system. It is necessary after bug fixing to ensure that the fix does not have any unintended side effects. It is also required when there is a change to the requirements or when a change request is introduced to the product. Additionally, impact analysis is necessary when introducing a new module or functionality to an existing product under test to assess the impact on the existing system.

Decision tables are a technique used in software testing and requirements analysis to list causes and effects in a matrix format. This allows for a systematic approach to analyzing different combinations of inputs and their corresponding outputs. By organizing the causes and effects in a matrix, decision tables help in identifying all possible combinations and ensuring that all scenarios are considered during testing or analysis. Therefore, decision tables are the correct answer as they specifically pertain to the practice of listing causes and effects in a matrix.

The correct answer is B. ii & iii are true, i, iv & v are false. Test planning involves defining the overall approach to testing and assigning resources, but it does not involve developing test cases, building the test environment, or writing test conditions. These activities are typically part of test design and test execution phases.

In the given question, the correct answer is False. This means that the statement "Small projects or regular release based project, both strategy and plan are not documented together" is incorrect. The correct explanation for this answer is that both strategy and plan are documented together for small projects or regular release based projects. This ensures that there is a clear understanding of the project objectives, the steps to achieve those objectives, and the overall strategy to be followed. Documentation helps in effective communication, coordination, and tracking of progress throughout the project lifecycle.

A test management tool is a software used to plan and execute testing activities. It helps in capturing requirements, creating and managing test cases, tracking and managing defects, collecting metrics, and analyzing reports. This tool is specifically designed to streamline the testing process and ensure efficient test management. It provides a centralized platform for test planning, test execution, and test reporting, making it easier for the testing team to collaborate and track their progress.

When you need to delete data, you typically start by deleting the secondary data and then move on to deleting the primary data. This is because secondary data is derived from primary data and deleting primary data would automatically remove any associated secondary data. Therefore, it is necessary to delete secondary data first to ensure that all related data is properly removed.

Cosmetics errors, documentation, and requests for information or advice are considered to have a low severity. This means that these issues do not have a significant impact on the functionality or performance of a system. They may cause minor inconveniences or delays, but they do not pose a major risk or hinder the overall operation of the system. Therefore, the correct answer is "Low."

Regression testing is a type of testing that is performed to ensure that changes or modifications made to a system do not introduce new bugs or issues and that the existing functionality is not affected. It is typically done at multiple levels, including system testing, integration testing, and unit testing. By conducting regression testing at all these levels, it helps to identify any potential issues or conflicts that may arise due to changes made in the system. Therefore, the correct answer is "All of the above".

A decision table is typically divided into four quadrants. Each quadrant represents a different combination of conditions and actions. This division helps organize the decision-making process and makes it easier to understand and analyze the various possibilities.

A geologist finding a critical issue suggests that the testing should be focused on ensuring that the users of the system, in this case, the geologist, are able to accept and use the system effectively. User Acceptance Testing is a type of testing that involves evaluating the system's functionality, usability, and compatibility with the intended users. This type of testing helps to determine if the system meets the requirements and expectations of the users and if it can be accepted for use in real-world scenarios.

The schedule for a project is planned based on two key factors: effort estimation and resource planning. Effort estimation involves determining the amount of time and resources required to complete each task or activity in the project. Resource planning, on the other hand, involves identifying and allocating the necessary resources, such as manpower, equipment, and materials, to carry out the project activities efficiently. By considering both effort estimation and resource planning, project managers can create a realistic and achievable schedule that ensures the timely completion of the project.

Testers can view strategy and planning documents to understand the overall testing approach and objectives. This helps them align their testing activities with the overall project goals and ensures that they are following the planned strategy. By viewing these documents, testers can also gain insights into the scope of testing, timelines, and resource allocation, which can help them plan their testing activities effectively. Therefore, the correct answer is "Viewed".

The given options are all related to aspects of an application or system. However, "assumptions and dependencies" stands out as different from the others because it refers to factors that are external to the application or system itself. The other options all pertain to internal aspects of the application or system, such as its nature, external interface, and the need to understand it. "Assumptions and dependencies" refers to external factors that the application or system relies on, such as other software or hardware components, and is therefore the odd one out.

Transitional data refers to the temporary data that is created and used within a program during the processing of input data. It is not permanent and exists only for the duration of the program's execution. This type of data is typically used for intermediate calculations, temporary storage, or to track the state of the program during its execution. It is distinct from input data, which is the data provided to the program as input, and from setup data, which is the data used to configure the program or set its initial state. Environmental data refers to data related to the program's operating environment, such as system settings or configuration.

Pre-conditions and post-conditions cannot be directly converted into test cases. Pre-conditions define the initial state required for a test case to be executed, while post-conditions specify the expected outcome after the test case is executed. Test cases, on the other hand, are specific inputs and actions that are designed to validate the functionality of a system or component. While pre-conditions and post-conditions can guide the creation of test cases, they are not test cases themselves. Thus, the correct answer is false.

Test coverage is indeed an activity for test development. It refers to the extent to which the test cases cover the requirements or functionality of a system. It helps in identifying the areas that have been tested and those that have not. Test coverage ensures that all critical components of the system are tested and helps in measuring the effectiveness of the testing process. Therefore, the statement "Test Coverage is an activity for test development" is true.

A test suite is a collection of test cases that are grouped together for easier management and scheduling. It allows for efficient testing by organizing the tests into logical units. A test suite helps in ensuring that all the necessary tests are executed and provides a systematic approach to testing. It also helps in identifying and resolving any issues or defects found during testing. Therefore, the correct answer is Test Suite.

Test execution is the process of executing a series of test cases as defined in the test plan to validate if the application meets the requirements. During test execution, the actual testing takes place, where the test cases are run and the system's behavior is observed. This is an important step in the testing process as it helps identify any defects or issues in the application and ensures that it meets the desired functionality and performance criteria.

Boundary value analysis is a testing technique that focuses on testing the boundaries or limits of input values. It is used to identify any issues or errors that may occur at the boundaries of valid and invalid input values. Stress testing, on the other hand, is a type of testing that evaluates the system's performance under extreme conditions, such as high load or limited resources. Negative testing involves testing the system with invalid or unexpected inputs. Both stress testing and negative testing can benefit from the use of boundary value analysis to ensure comprehensive testing.

Testing of an application in the developer's environment is not recommended because all the given reasons are true. When both developers and testers have access to the code (i), it can lead to conflicts and difficulties in identifying and resolving issues. The behavior of the application can be unstable if developers are making changes to the code while testers are testing (ii). Overlapping of data by various teams (iii) can cause confusion and errors in the testing process. Additionally, the use of stimulated programs by developers (iv) can affect the accuracy and reliability of the testing results. Therefore, all the given reasons justify why testing in the developer's environment is not recommended.

The given correct answer, "Positive flow," suggests that the process described in the question is a normal and expected sequence of actions. Opening a bank account typically involves logging in, accessing the account statement page, and clicking on the account number in the account summary. This is a positive flow because it follows the expected path and leads to the desired outcome, which is accessing the account details.

Performance testing is a type of testing that evaluates the speed, responsiveness, stability, and scalability of a system under various workload conditions. It is typically conducted after system testing, which verifies the overall functionality and behavior of the system. System testing ensures that all components of the system work together as expected, and once this is confirmed, performance testing can be conducted to assess the system's performance capabilities. Therefore, performance testing is carried out only after system testing.

The correct defect severity match is as follows:
1. A non-critical incident affecting a single user and the ability to provide the best service - Medium severity.
2. Part of a system or key business process is unusable or does not meet the needs of the business, with a few users affected but a workaround is available - High/Major severity.
3. Corruption or loss of data that is immediately recoverable and allows the business to continue - High/Major severity.
4. Corruption or loss of data that is not immediately recoverable and prevents business continuity - Critical/Showstopper severity.

Testing should be stopped when it depends on the risks for the system being tested. This means that the decision to stop testing should be based on the level of risk associated with the system. If the risks are deemed acceptable or have been mitigated to an acceptable level, testing can be stopped. However, if there are still significant risks present, testing should continue until those risks are addressed. This approach ensures that the system is thoroughly tested and any potential issues are identified and resolved before deployment.