Cancer And Oncology | NCLEX Quiz 145 - Quiz, Flashcards & Trivia

1. The nurse is preparing for a female client for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to confirm or rule out a spinal cord lesion. During the MRI scan. which of the following would pose a threat to the client?

The client lies still.

The client asks questions.

The client hears thumping sounds.

The client wears a watch and wedding band.

During an MRI. the client should wear no metal objects. such as jewelry. because the strong magnetic field can pull on them. causing injury to the client and (if they fly off) to others. The client must lie still during the MRI but can talk to those performing the test by way of the microphone inside the scanner tunnel. The client should hear thumping sounds. which are caused by the sound waves thumping on the magnetic field.

Explanation

During an MRI. the client should wear no metal objects. such as jewelry. because the strong magnetic field can pull on them. causing injury to the client and (if they fly off) to others. The client must lie still during the MRI but can talk to those performing the test by way of the microphone inside the scanner tunnel. The client should hear thumping sounds. which are caused by the sound waves thumping on the magnetic field.

2. A male client is in isolation after receiving an internal radioactive implant to treat cancer. Two hours later. the nurse discovers the implant in the bed linens. What should the nurse do first?

Stand as far away from the implant as possible and call for help.

Pick up the implant with long-handled forceps and place it in a lead-lined container.

Leave the room and notify the radiation therapy department immediately.

Put the implant back in place. using forceps and a shield for self-protection. and call for help.

If a radioactive implant becomes dislodged. the nurse should pick it up with long-handled forceps and place it in a lead-lined container. then notify the radiation therapy department immediately. The highest priority is to minimize radiation exposure for the client and the nurse; therefore. the nurse must not take any action that delays implant removal. Standing as far from the implant as possible. leaving the room with the implant still exposed. or attempting to put it back in place can greatly increase the risk of harm to the client and the nurse from excessive radiation exposure.

Explanation

If a radioactive implant becomes dislodged. the nurse should pick it up with long-handled forceps and place it in a lead-lined container. then notify the radiation therapy department immediately. The highest priority is to minimize radiation exposure for the client and the nurse; therefore. the nurse must not take any action that delays implant removal. Standing as far from the implant as possible. leaving the room with the implant still exposed. or attempting to put it back in place can greatly increase the risk of harm to the client and the nurse from excessive radiation exposure.

3. A female client with cancer is being evaluated for possible metastasis. Which of the following is one of the most common metastasis sites for cancer cells?

Liver

Colon

Reproductive tract

White blood cells (WBCs)

The liver is one of the five most common cancer metastasis sites. The others are the lymph nodes. lung. bone. and brain. The colon. reproductive tract. and WBCs are occasional metastasis sites.

Explanation

The liver is one of the five most common cancer metastasis sites. The others are the lymph nodes. lung. bone. and brain. The colon. reproductive tract. and WBCs are occasional metastasis sites.

4. Jenny. with advanced breast cancer is prescribed tamoxifen (Nolvadex). When teaching the client about this drug. the nurse should emphasize the importance of reporting which adverse reaction immediately?

Vision changes

Hearing loss

Headache

Anorexia

The client must report changes in visual acuity immediately because this adverse effect may be irreversible. Tamoxifen isn’t associated with hearing loss. Although the drug may cause anorexia. headache. and hot flashes. the client need not report these adverse effects immediately because they don’t warrant a change in therapy.

Explanation

The client must report changes in visual acuity immediately because this adverse effect may be irreversible. Tamoxifen isn’t associated with hearing loss. Although the drug may cause anorexia. headache. and hot flashes. the client need not report these adverse effects immediately because they don’t warrant a change in therapy.

5. Nurse Brian is developing a plan of care for marrow suppression. the major dose-limiting adverse reaction to floxuridine (FUDR). How long after drug administration does bone marrow suppression become noticeable?

24 hours

2 to 4 days

7 to 14 days

21 to 28 days

Bone marrow suppression becomes noticeable 7 to 14 days after floxuridine administration. Bone marrow recovery occurs in 21 to 28 days.

Explanation

Bone marrow suppression becomes noticeable 7 to 14 days after floxuridine administration. Bone marrow recovery occurs in 21 to 28 days.

6. Rhea. has malignant lymphoma. As part of her chemotherapy. the physician prescribes chlorambucil (Leukeran). 10 mg by mouth daily. When caring for the client. the nurse teaches her about adverse reactions to chlorambucil. such as alopecia. How soon after the first administration of chlorambucil might this reaction occur?

Immediately

1 week

2 to 3 weeks

1 month

Chlorambucil-induced alopecia occurs 2 to 3 weeks after therapy begins.

Explanation

Chlorambucil-induced alopecia occurs 2 to 3 weeks after therapy begins.

7. Nina. an oncology nurse educator. is speaking to a women's group about breast cancer. Questions and comments from the audience reveal a misunderstanding of some aspects of the disease. Various members of the audience have made all of the following statements. Which one is accurate?

Mammography is the most reliable method for detecting breast cancer.

Breast cancer is the leading killer of women of childbearing age.

Breast cancer requires a mastectomy.

Men can develop breast cancer.

Men can develop breast cancer. although they seldom do. The most reliable method for detecting breast cancer is monthly self-examination. not mammography. Lung cancer causes more deaths than breast cancer in women of all ages. A mastectomy may not be required if the tumor is small. confined. and in an early stage.

Explanation

Men can develop breast cancer. although they seldom do. The most reliable method for detecting breast cancer is monthly self-examination. not mammography. Lung cancer causes more deaths than breast cancer in women of all ages. A mastectomy may not be required if the tumor is small. confined. and in an early stage.

8. A 34-year-old female client is requesting information about mammograms and breast cancer. She isn't considered at high risk for breast cancer. What should the nurse tell this client?

She should have had a baseline mammogram before age 30.

She should eat a low-fat diet to further decrease her risk of breast cancer.

She should perform breast self-examination during the first 5 days of each menstrual cycle.

When she begins having yearly mammograms. breast self-examinations will no longer be necessary.

A low-fat diet (one that maintains weight within 20% of recommended body weight) has been found to decrease a woman’s risk of breast cancer. A baseline mammogram should be done between ages 30 and 40. Monthly breast self-examinations should be done between days 7 and 10 of the menstrual cycle. The client should continue to perform monthly breast self-examinations even when receiving yearly mammograms.

Explanation

A low-fat diet (one that maintains weight within 20% of recommended body weight) has been found to decrease a woman’s risk of breast cancer. A baseline mammogram should be done between ages 30 and 40. Monthly breast self-examinations should be done between days 7 and 10 of the menstrual cycle. The client should continue to perform monthly breast self-examinations even when receiving yearly mammograms.

9. Nurse Mary is instructing a premenopausal woman about breast self-examination. The nurse should tell the client to do her self-examination:

At the end of her menstrual cycle.

On the same day each month.

On the 1st day of the menstrual cycle.

Immediately after her menstrual period.

Premenopausal women should do their self-examination immediately after the menstrual period. when the breasts are least tender and least lumpy. On the 1st and last days of the cycle. the woman’s breasts are still very tender. Postmenopausal women because their bodies lack fluctuation of hormone levels. should select one particular day of the month to do breast self-examination.

Explanation

Premenopausal women should do their self-examination immediately after the menstrual period. when the breasts are least tender and least lumpy. On the 1st and last days of the cycle. the woman’s breasts are still very tender. Postmenopausal women because their bodies lack fluctuation of hormone levels. should select one particular day of the month to do breast self-examination.

10. Nurse Kent is teaching a male client to perform monthly testicular self-examinations. Which of the following points would be appropriate to make?

Testicular cancer is a highly curable type of cancer.

Testicular cancer is very difficult to diagnose.

Testicular cancer is the number one cause of cancer deaths in males.

Testicular cancer is more common in older men.

Testicular cancer is highly curable. particularly when it’s treated in its early stage. Self-examination allows early detection and facilitates the early initiation of treatment. The highest mortality rates from cancer among men are in men with lung cancer. Testicular cancer is found more commonly in younger men.

Explanation

Testicular cancer is highly curable. particularly when it’s treated in its early stage. Self-examination allows early detection and facilitates the early initiation of treatment. The highest mortality rates from cancer among men are in men with lung cancer. Testicular cancer is found more commonly in younger men.