Cancer And Oncology NCLEX Quiz

The patient's statement about wanting to live long enough to attend her daughter's graduation indicates that she is in the bargaining phase of coping. This phase often involves making deals or promises in an attempt to gain more time or control over the situation. In this case, the client is bargaining with the idea that if she can just live long enough for this important event, she will be ready to accept her impending death.

Sarcoma is the correct classification for bone cancer. Sarcomas are a type of cancer that develop in the connective tissues of the body, including bones, muscles, and cartilage. Bone cancer specifically refers to the abnormal growth of cells in the bones, which is categorized as a sarcoma. Lymphoma, carcinoma, and melanoma are different types of cancers that affect other tissues or organs in the body, not specifically the bones.

Cigarette smoking is the most common risk factor for laryngeal cancer. Smoking cigarettes exposes the larynx to harmful chemicals and substances, increasing the risk of developing cancer in this area. It is important for the nurse to assess the client's smoking history and provide education and support for smoking cessation to reduce the risk of further complications.

Chemotherapy is contraindicated in all of the given conditions. Recent surgery can interfere with the body's ability to handle the chemotherapy drugs and may increase the risk of complications. Pregnancy is contraindicated because chemotherapy drugs can harm the developing fetus. Bone marrow depression, which is a decrease in the production of blood cells, can be worsened by chemotherapy as these drugs can further suppress the bone marrow function. Therefore, all of these conditions are contraindications for chemotherapy.

Allopurinol is a medication commonly used to prevent and treat hyperuricemia, which is an elevated level of uric acid in the blood. Hyperuricemia can occur as a side effect of chemotherapy drugs like busulfan, which is used in the treatment of leukemia. By inhibiting the production of uric acid, allopurinol helps to prevent the formation of uric acid crystals in the joints and kidneys, which can cause painful conditions like gout and kidney stones. Therefore, in this case, allopurinol is being used to prevent hyperuricemia in the patient with leukemia who is receiving busulfan.

Arm edema on the operative side is an abnormal finding following a mastectomy and indicates a complication related to the surgery. Edema can be a sign of lymphedema, which occurs when there is a blockage or damage to the lymphatic system. In this case, the lymphatic drainage from the arm is impaired due to the surgery, leading to fluid accumulation and swelling. This complication can cause discomfort, limited range of motion, and increased risk of infection. Therefore, it is important for the nurse to assess and address this finding promptly.

Radical mastectomy is the correct answer because it involves the removal of the entire breast, along with the pectoralis major and minor muscles and neck lymph nodes. This procedure is typically followed by skin grafting. Simple mastectomy involves the removal of the breast tissue only, while modified radical mastectomy involves the removal of the breast tissue and some lymph nodes. Radiation therapy is a different treatment approach that uses high-energy rays to kill cancer cells.

The nurse should wear a mask and gloves while preparing Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) to protect themselves from potential exposure to the drug. This is important because Cyclophosphamide is an antineoplastic chemotherapy drug that can be harmful if it comes into contact with the nurse's skin or is inhaled. Wearing a mask and gloves helps to minimize the risk of exposure and protects the nurse from potential injury.

The patient's statement about feeling as if she is voiding through the vagina suggests the development of a vesicovaginal fistula. A vesicovaginal fistula is an abnormal connection between the bladder and the vagina, causing urine to pass from the bladder into the vagina. This can occur as a complication of radiation therapy for bladder cancer. Rupture of the bladder would present with severe pain and other symptoms, which are not mentioned in the scenario. Extreme stress caused by the diagnosis of cancer would not cause the specific symptoms described by the patient. Altered perineal sensation as a side effect of radiation therapy would not explain the feeling of voiding through the vagina.

The nurse is least likely to identify annual chest x-ray as a method to detect cancer earlier because chest x-rays are not typically used as a screening tool for cancer. Chest x-rays are more commonly used to diagnose specific conditions or evaluate symptoms related to the chest area, such as lung infections or heart problems. Other methods mentioned, such as Pap smear, digital rectal examination, and yearly physical and blood examination, are more commonly used for cancer screening or early detection.