Cancer And Oncology | NCLEX Quiz 137

Complications of Hodgkin’s are pancytopenia. nausea. and infection. Cardiac involvement usually doesn’t occur.

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia shows a proliferation of small abnormal mature B lymphocytes and decreased antibody response. Thrombocytopenia also is often present. Uncontrolled proliferation of granulocytes occurs in myelogenous leukemia.

At the time of diagnosis. a painless cervical lesion is often present. The back. chest. and groin areas aren’t involved.

Stage II involves two or more lymph node regions. Stage I only involves one lymph node region; stage III involves nodes on both sides of the diaphragm; and stage IV involves extralymphatic organs or tissues.

The faster the cell grows. the more susceptible it is to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Slow-growing and non-dividing cells are less susceptible to chemotherapy. Repeated cycles of chemotherapy are used to destroy nondividing cells as they begin active cell division.

Multiple myeloma is more common in middle-aged and older clients (the median age at diagnosis is 60 years) and is twice as common in Blacks as Whites. It occurs most often in Black men.

Calcium is released when the bone is destroyed. This causes an increase in serum calcium levels. MM doesn’t affect potassium. sodium. or magnesium levels.

Pneumonia. both viral and fungal. is a common cause of death in clients with neutropenia. so frequent assessment of respiratory rate and breath sounds is required. Although assessing blood pressure. bowel sounds. and heart sounds is important. it won’t help detect pneumonia.

MM is characterized by malignant plasma cells that produce an increased amount of immunoglobulin that isn’t functional. As more malignant plasma cells are produced. there’s less space in the bone marrow for RBC production. In late stages. platelets and WBC’s are reduced as the bone marrow is infiltrated by malignant plasma cells.

A low-bacteria diet would be indicated with excludes raw fruits and vegetables.