Microbiology: Chapter 3
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- 1.How small are they? A Virus is what?
- A.
1-5 micrometers
- B.
50-100 nanometers
- C.
10-100 micrometers
- 2.How small are they? A bacteria is what?
- A.
1-5 micrometers
- B.
50-100 nanometers
- C.
10-100 micrometers
- 3.How small are they? A eukaryotic cells is what?
- A.
1-5 micrometers
- B.
50-100 nanometers
- C.
10-100 micrometers
- 4.Which is a correct statement for magnification?
- A.
The ability to show detail
- B.
Uses non-visible light
- C.
The ability to make objects appear larger
- 5.Is it true that magnification can be expressed as a number combined with X (times)?
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 6.If a microscope magnifies a specimen by 100X. Does this mean the object looks 100 times as large as it really is?
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 7.Which of these is a correct statement for resolution?
- A.
The ability to show detail
- B.
Uses non-visable light
- C.
The ability to make objects appear larger
- 8.An official definition, as stated here; "the ability of an optical system to distinguish between two adjacent points" relates to what?
- A.
Resolution
- B.
Magnification
- C.
Resolving power
- 9.Resolving power has to do with
- A.
The speed of light
- B.
The frequency of light
- C.
The wavelength of light employed for viewing
- 10.The compound light microscope uses visible light.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 11.Which of these are common objective lenses found on a compound microscope? (Choose all that apply)
- A.
10X
- B.
40X
- C.
4X
- D.
100X
- E.
All of these
- 12.What is the maximum resolving power and maximum magnification for a compound microscope?
- A.
200 nanometers and 20,000X
- B.
2000 nanometers and 200X
- C.
200 nanometers and 2,000X
- D.
20 nanometers and 2,000X
- 13.What two specific things are increased when specimens observed under a compound microscope are stained?
- A.
The refractive index and the specimen
- B.
The refractive index and the medium
- C.
The specimen and the medium
- 14.Immersion oil must be used under high magnification to/because... (Choose all that apply)
- A.
Reduce loss of light
- B.
Oil has a refractive index similar to the microscope slide
- C.
It increases magnification
- D.
Create better resolution
- 15.In this type of microscopy, a specimen appears light against a dark background and requires no staining. This is what?
- A.
Fluorescence microscopy
- B.
Electron microscopy
- C.
Darkfield microscopy
- D.
Brightfield microscopy
- 16.In this type of microscopy, a specimen appears bight against a dark background, and is often used for diagnostic purposes. This is what?
- A.
Fluorescence microscopy
- B.
Electron microscopy
- C.
Darkfield microscopy
- D.
Brightfield microscopy
- 17.Specimens are stained with "fluorochromes", which absorb and radiate UV light in Fluorescence microscopy. (T/F)
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 18.In Electron microscopy...(Choose all that apply)
- A.
A beam of electrons is used instead of visible light
- B.
Allows for much greater magnification and resolution
- C.
Electromagnets act as lenses to focus the beam
- D.
Requires no staining
- E.
All of these
- 19.Is it True that Electron microscopy has three types?
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 20.What are the two types of Electron microscopy?
- 21.Which choice best fits this description? Beam penetrates sample just like in light microscopy, samples must be very thin, the highest magnification and resolution is up to 1,000,000 x, 1nM, and is similar in idea to brightfield microscopy
- A.
Transmission Electron Microscopy
- B.
Scanning Electron Microscopy
- 22.Which choice best fits this description? Electrons bounce off the surface of the specimen, revealing a three-dimensional image, has the best pictures and magnifications are normally 10,000X, resolution 20nM, this is similar in idea to darkfield microscopy
- A.
Transmission Electron Microscopy
- B.
Scanning Electron Microscopy
- 23.Which of these must be done prior to staining?
- A.
Microbe must be fixed
- B.
If microbe is prokaryotic, it will not be stained
- C.
Create a smear of the microbe
- 24.Dyes are salts composed of which of the following?
- A.
A positive ion
- B.
A negative ion
- C.
A neutral ion
- D.
A positive and neutral ion
- E.
A positive and negative ion
- 25.Which of these dyes relates to the statement "chromophore is positive ion."
- A.
Basic dye
- B.
Acidic dye
- 26.Which of these relates to the statement "chromophore is negative ion."
- A.
Basic dye
- B.
Acidic dye
- 27.Because bacteria are somewhat negatively charged, basic dyes....
- A.
Cause a negative staining
- B.
Avoid binding to the bacterium
- C.
Bind to bacterial structures
- 28.Because bacteria are somewhat negatively charges, acidic dyes...
- A.
Cause a negative staining and avoid binding to the bacteria
- B.
Cause a positive staining and bind directly to the bacteria
- C.
Cause a positive staining but does not bind to the bacteria
- D.
None of these
- 29.What is another word for when acidic dyes cause a negative staining with bacteria?
- 30.Which of the following are staining techniques?
- A.
Bloomers stain
- B.
Hooke stain
- C.
Simple stain
- D.
Differential stain
- E.
Gram stain
- 31.The definition for a simple stain is...
- A.
Division of bacteria into groups according to their reaction to the staining procedure (most popular)
- B.
Division of bacteria into tow large groups, a positive and a negative
- C.
Use of a single basic dye and will highlight the entire organism
- 32.The definition for a differential stain is...
- A.
Division of bacteria into groups according to their reaction to the staining procedure (most popular)
- B.
Division of bacteria into tow large groups, a positive and a negative
- C.
Use of a single basic dye and will highlight the entire organismUse of a single basic dye and will highlight the entire organism
- 33.The definition for the gram stain is...
- A.
Division of bacteria into groups according to their reaction to the staining procedure (most popular)
- B.
Division of bacteria into tow large groups, a positive and a negative
- C.
Use of a single basic dye and will highlight the entire organismUse of a single basic dye and will highlight the entire organism
- 34.Which of the following types of staining techniques will improve binding of a dye to the sample with use of Mordant?
- A.
Simple
- B.
Differential
- C.
Gram
- D.
All of these
- E.
Only Simple and Differential
- 35.The gram stain was developed by Hans Christian Gram in 1884 in order to aid in bacterial identification?
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 36.Which of these is the first step in performing a gram stain procedure?
- A.
Apply a basic dye, staining all the cells one color (blue or purple) and is referred to as the primary stain
- B.
Apply a basic stain, safranin, which colors the unstained bacteria red or pink which is a counterstain.
- C.
Wash preparation with alcohol, this is a decolorizing agent which will remove stain only from some bacteria
- D.
Wash off dye and apply iodine, the mordant: after a wash all cells will appear purple
- 37.Which of these is the second step in performing a gram stain procedure?
- A.
Apply a basic dye, staining all the cells one color (blue or purple) and is referred to as the primary stain
- B.
Apply a basic stain, safranin, which colors the unstained bacteria red or pink which is a counterstain.
- C.
Wash preparation with alcohol, this is a decolorizing agent which will remove stain only from some bacteria
- D.
Wash off dye and apply iodine, the mordant: after a wash all cells will appear purple
- 38.Which of these is the third step in performing a gram stain procedure?
- A.
Apply a basic dye, staining all the cells one color (blue or purple) and is referred to as the primary stain
- B.
Apply a basic stain, safranin, which colors the unstained bacteria red or pink which is a counterstain.
- C.
Wash preparation with alcohol, this is a decolorizing agent which will remove stain only from some bacteria
- D.
Wash off dye and apply iodine, the mordant: after a wash all cells will appear purple
- 39.Which of these is the final step in a gram staining procedure?
- A.
Apply a basic dye, staining all the cells one color (blue or purple) and is referred to as the primary stain
- B.
Apply a basic stain, safranin, which colors the unstained bacteria red or pink which is a counterstain.
- C.
Wash preparation with alcohol, this is a decolorizing agent which will remove stain only from some bacteria
- D.
Wash off dye and apply iodine, the mordant: after a wash all cells will appear purple
- 40.After a gram stain procedure is complete, gram-positive cells should look purple and gram-negative cells look red.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 41.What is a reason that after a gram stain procedure, some bacteria react differently?
- A.
They are already a different color
- B.
Structural difference in their cell wall
- C.
Not enough stain was added
- 42.Which stain, preferentially distinguishes bacteria of the genus Mycobacterium, which causes tuberculosis?
- A.
Gram Stain
- B.
Acid-Fast Stain
- C.
Simple Stain
- D.
Differential Stain
- 43.Which is the first step in the procedure for an Acid-fast stain?
- A.
Apply a basic stain, methylene blue, which will color the unstained bacteria blue, this is a counterstain
- B.
Apply a basic dye (carbolfuchsin). This stains all the cells red and is called the primary dye
- C.
Wash preparation with acid-alcohol, a decolorizing agent which removes the stain from SOME bacteria (ones without a waxy substance)
- D.
Carbolfuchsin preferentially binds to cell walls rich in a certain type of wax
- 44.Which is the second step in the procedure for an Acid-fast stain?
- A.
Apply a basic stain, methylene blue, which will color the unstained bacteria blue, this is a counterstain
- B.
Apply a basic dye (carbolfuchsin). This stains all the cells red and is called the primary dye
- C.
Wash preparation with acid-alcohol, a decolorizing agent which removes the stain from SOME bacteria (ones without a waxy substance)
- D.
Carbolfuchsin preferentially binds to cell walls rich in a certain type of wax
- 45.Which is the third step in the procedure for an Acid-fast stain?
- A.
Apply a basic stain, methylene blue, which will color the unstained bacteria blue, this is a counterstain
- B.
Apply a basic dye (carbolfuchsin). This stains all the cells red and is called the primary dye
- C.
Wash preparation with acid-alcohol, a decolorizing agent which removes the stain from SOME bacteria (ones without a waxy substance)
- D.
Carbolfuchsin preferentially binds to cell walls rich in a certain type of wax
- 46.Which is the fourth step in the procedure for an Acid-fast stain?
- A.
Apply a basic stain, methylene blue, which will color the unstained bacteria blue, this is a counterstain
- B.
Apply a basic dye (carbolfuchsin). This stains all the cells red and is called the primary dye
- C.
Wash preparation with acid-alcohol, a decolorizing agent which removes the stain from SOME bacteria (ones without a waxy substance)
- D.
Carbolfuchsin preferentially binds to cell walls rich in a certain type of wax
- 47.Upon completion of an Acid-fast stain, acid-fast cells look red, and non acid-fast cells are yellow.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 48.Safranin colors the entire bacterium except for the (blank)l
- 49.Capsules are relate to the (blank) of pathogens.
- 50.Special stains are used to...
- A.
Visualize microbial capsules
- B.
Color the background
- C.
Highlight endospores
- D.
Highlight flagella
- E.
All of these
- F.
None of these
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