Mic Exam 3 Practice Questions
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What virulence factor do ALL Gram-Negative Bacilli have in common?
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Endotoxin
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Exotoxins
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Enzymes capsules
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Fimbreae
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The 'MIC Exam 3 Practice Questions' quiz tests knowledge on Gram-Negative Bacilli, focusing on common virulence factors, disease types, environmental niches, zoonotic potential, and classification. It's designed to enhance understanding of bacterial pathogenicity relevant to both academic and medical fields.
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- 2.
T/F: Gram negative bacilli cause the same types of disease..
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. FalseExplanation
False. They differ in the types of diseases they causeRate this question:
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- 3.
Which of the following are environmental niches that gram-negative bacilli occupy?
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Intestines
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Respiratory tract
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Soil and water
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All of the above
Correct Answer
A. All of the aboveExplanation
Gram-negative bacilli are a diverse group of bacteria that can occupy various environmental niches. They are commonly found in the intestines, where they play a role in digestion and nutrient absorption. Additionally, they can colonize the respiratory tract, causing infections such as pneumonia. Gram-negative bacilli are also present in soil and water, where they contribute to the decomposition of organic matter and nutrient cycling. Therefore, the correct answer is "all of the above" as gram-negative bacilli can be found in intestines, respiratory tract, soil, and water.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Gram-negative bacilli can be zoonotic.
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Some are Zoonotic, meaning they cause diseases in animals that can be transmitted to usRate this question:
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- 5.
Which of the following is NOT a Gram-negative coccobacilli?
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Haemophilus influenzae
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Bordetella pertussis
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Francisella tularemia
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Brucella species
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Pasteurella multocida
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Clostridium perfringens
Correct Answer
A. Clostridium perfringensExplanation
Clostridium perfringens is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium. It is not a Gram-negative coccobacilli, which are typically small, oval-shaped bacteria that stain pink in the Gram stain. The other options listed, Haemophilus influenzae, Bordetella pertussis, Francisella tularemia, Brucella species, and Pasteurella multocida, are all Gram-negative coccobacilli.Rate this question:
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- 6.
All gram negative coccobacilli affect both animals and humans equally.
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. FalseExplanation
They differe in Their ability to infect animals as well as humansRate this question:
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- 7.
Haemophilus influenzae strains can be divided into two groups based upon
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Their ability to produce capsules
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Their ability to produce endotoxins
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Their ability to produce exotoxins
Correct Answer
A. Their ability to produce capsulesExplanation
Encapsulated strains produce the capsule
Unencapsulated strains don’t produce the capsuleRate this question:
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- 8.
Antibodies against the capsule show that there are ____different serotypes for Encapsulated strains of Haemophilus influenzae
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4
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5
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6
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7
Correct Answer
A. 6Explanation
Antibodies against the capsule show that there are 6 different serotypes (a-f)Rate this question:
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- 9.
Which strain of Haemophilus influenzae causes 90% of noninvasive respiratory tract infections
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Encapsulated
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Nonencapsulated
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Option 3
Correct Answer
A. NonencapsulatedExplanation
Nonencapsulated strains of Haemophilus influenzae are responsible for causing 90% of noninvasive respiratory tract infections. This means that the majority of respiratory infections caused by Haemophilus influenzae are caused by strains that do not have a protective capsule around them. The capsule helps bacteria evade the immune system, so nonencapsulated strains are more easily recognized and eliminated by the body's defenses.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Which encapsulated H. Influenzae serotype causes 95% of invasive disease (meaning the bacteria enters the bloodstream).
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A
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B
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C
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D
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E
Correct Answer
A. BExplanation
Serotype B (Hib) causes 95% of invasive disease, meaning the bacteria enters the bloodstream
Almost all Hib cases are in young childrenRate this question:
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- 11.
Which of the following virulence factors is not produced by H. influenzae
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Fimbriae
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Capsule
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Endotoxin
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Exotoxin
Correct Answer
A. ExotoxinExplanation
Fimbriae for attachment to respiratory tract cells
Capsule is produced to prevent phagocytosis
Endotoxin which is part of ALL Gram-negative cellsRate this question:
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- 12.
Which virluence factor produced by H. influenzae helps respiratory tract colonization by blocking cilia clearance and Induces inflammation at site of infection
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Fimbriae
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Capsule
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Endotoxin
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Exotoxin
Correct Answer
A. EndotoxinExplanation
Endotoxin is a virulence factor produced by H. influenzae that helps respiratory tract colonization by blocking cilia clearance and inducing inflammation at the site of infection. Endotoxin is a component of the bacterial cell wall and is released when the bacteria are damaged or destroyed. It activates the immune system and triggers an inflammatory response, leading to the recruitment of immune cells to the site of infection. This inflammation can impair the function of cilia, which are hair-like structures that help to clear mucus and debris from the respiratory tract, allowing the bacteria to colonize and persist in the respiratory tract.Rate this question:
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- 13.
H. . influenzae causes disease by simply being in the environment and sparking inflammation through endotoxin
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
H. influenzae is a bacterium that can cause various diseases, including respiratory tract infections, meningitis, and septicemia. It possesses endotoxins, which are molecules that can trigger inflammation in the body. When H. influenzae is present in the environment and enters the body, it can cause an immune response that leads to inflammation. Therefore, the statement that H. influenzae causes disease by simply being in the environment and sparking inflammation through endotoxin is true.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Which infection is a Systemic infection caused by H. influenza?
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Meningitis
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Sinus infection
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Pneumonia
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Diarrhea
Correct Answer
A. MeningitisExplanation
Meningitis is a systemic infection caused by H. influenza. It is an inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. H. influenza is one of the common bacteria that can cause meningitis, especially in young children. Symptoms of meningitis include severe headache, fever, stiff neck, and sensitivity to light. If left untreated, meningitis can be life-threatening. Therefore, it is important to diagnose and treat it promptly.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Which of the following is NOT a virulence factor produced by H. influenza?
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Fimbriae
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Capsule
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Endotoxin
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Exotoxin
Correct Answer
A. ExotoxinExplanation
Exotoxins are not produced by H. influenza. Exotoxins are toxic substances secreted by bacteria that can cause damage to host cells or tissues. While H. influenza produces other virulence factors such as fimbriae, capsule, and endotoxin, it does not produce exotoxins. Exotoxins are commonly produced by other bacteria such as Clostridium tetani (causing tetanus) or Corynebacterium diphtheriae (causing diphtheria).Rate this question:
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- 16.
Haemophilus influenza is easy to grow
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. FalseExplanation
It is Fastidious… this means it is difficult to grow. We must give it lots of growth factorsRate this question:
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- 17.
Haemophilus influenza quickly invades into cells.
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. FalseExplanation
It is an Extracellular pathogen, does not invade into cellsRate this question:
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- 18.
For which gram-negative bacilli is a protective antibody against the capsule the key?
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H. influenzae
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B. pertussis
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F. tularemia
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P. multocida
Correct Answer
A. H. influenzaeExplanation
A protective antibody against the capsule is key for H. influenzae. The capsule of H. influenzae is a major virulence factor that helps the bacteria evade host immune responses. Antibodies against the capsule can neutralize the bacteria and prevent infection.Rate this question:
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- 19.
H. influenzae causes disease by simply being in the environment and sparking inflammation through endotoxin
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
H. influenzae causes disease by simply being in the environment and sparking inflammation through endotoxin. This means that the mere presence of H. influenzae can lead to inflammation in the body, which can result in various diseases. Endotoxins are substances released by certain bacteria, including H. influenzae, that can trigger an inflammatory response in the host. Therefore, it is true that H. influenzae can cause disease by being in the environment and sparking inflammation through endotoxin.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Which of the following is NOT a gram-negative bacilli?
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Haemophilus influenzae
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Bordetella pertussis
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Francisella tularemia
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Pasturella multocida
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Correct Answer
A. Pseudomonas aeruginosaExplanation
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram-negative bacilli, so it is not the correct answer. Haemophilus influenzae, Bordetella pertussis, Francisella tularemia, and Pasturella multocida are all gram-negative bacilli.Rate this question:
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- 21.
At what age do children begin to make their own antibody to sugars and start to make their own protection?
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Birth
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6 months
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2 years
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6 years
Correct Answer
A. 2 yearsExplanation
At around 2 years of age, children begin to make their own antibodies to sugars and develop their own protection. Before this age, infants rely on antibodies passed on from their mothers through breast milk or during pregnancy. As their immune system matures, children gradually start producing their own antibodies, which help fight against infections and provide immunity. This process is an important milestone in the development of a child's immune system.Rate this question:
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- 22.
What causes meningitis?
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Encapsulated strain of H. influenzae
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Unencapsulated strain of H. influenzae
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Bordatella pertussis
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Fransicella tularensis
Correct Answer
A. Encapsulated strain of H. influenzaeExplanation
Meningitis is caused by the encapsulated strain of H. influenzae. This bacterium has a protective capsule that allows it to evade the immune system and invade the meninges, which are the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. Infection with the encapsulated strain of H. influenzae can lead to inflammation of the meninges, resulting in meningitis.Rate this question:
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- 23.
What are primarily caused by unencapsulated strains of H. influenzae?
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Meningitis
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Local respiratory tract infections
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Systemic infections
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Whooping cough
Correct Answer
A. Local respiratory tract infectionsExplanation
Unencapsulated strains of H. influenzae primarily cause local respiratory tract infections. These infections occur in the respiratory tract, such as the nose and throat, and can lead to symptoms like a sore throat, runny nose, and cough. Meningitis, systemic infections, and whooping cough are caused by other factors or pathogens, not specifically unencapsulated strains of H. influenzae.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Which of the following is NOT one of the best drugs active against almost 100 percent of H. influenzae strains?
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Azithromycin (macrolide)
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Fluoroquinolones
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Cephalosporin
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Ampicillin
Correct Answer
A. AmpicillinExplanation
Ampicillin is not one of the best drugs active against almost 100 percent of H. influenzae strains. This is because H. influenzae has developed resistance to ampicillin over time, making it less effective against the bacteria. Therefore, while azithromycin, fluoroquinolones, and cephalosporin are all effective drugs against H. influenzae, ampicillin is not.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Which gram-negative bacilli is hard to grow like H. influenzae; however, does not specifically require X and V?
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Bordetella pertussis
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Francisella tularemia
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Pasturella multocida
Correct Answer
A. Bordetella pertussisExplanation
Bordetella pertussis is the correct answer because it is a gram-negative bacilli that is difficult to grow, similar to H. influenzae. However, unlike H. influenzae, it does not specifically require X and V factors for growth.Rate this question:
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- 26.
What is the main difference in virulence factors between bordetella pertussis and H. influenzae?
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B. pertussis does not have fimbrae
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B. pertussis does not have endotoxins
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B. pertussis produces exotoxins
Correct Answer
A. B. pertussis produces exotoxinsExplanation
Bordetella pertussis produces exotoxins, which are toxic substances secreted by the bacteria that can damage host cells and tissues. These exotoxins play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of pertussis (whooping cough) by causing damage to the respiratory tract and impairing the immune response. On the other hand, the main difference in virulence factors with H. influenzae is that B. pertussis does not have fimbrae or endotoxins. Fimbrae are hair-like structures that allow bacteria to attach to host cells, while endotoxins are lipopolysaccharides found in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria that can cause inflammation and other harmful effects.Rate this question:
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- 27.
Bordatella pertussis does most of its damage in the blood stream
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. FalseExplanation
It is non-invasive and It does all its damage where it lands in the respiratory tractRate this question:
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- 28.
Which of the following are not an exotoxin produced by B. pertussis?
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Pertussis toxin
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Adenylate Cyclase Toxin
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Pore-forming exotoxin
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Dermonecrotic Toxin
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Tracheal cytotoxin
Correct Answer
A. Pore-forming exotoxinExplanation
The correct answer is "pore-forming exotoxin." This is because all the other options listed (Pertussis toxin, Adenylate Cyclase Toxin, dermonecrotic Toxin, and tracheal cytotoxin) are exotoxins produced by B. pertussis. Exotoxins are proteins secreted by bacteria that can cause damage to host cells. Pore-forming exotoxins, on the other hand, create pores in the host cell membrane, leading to cell lysis.Rate this question:
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- 29.
W hich exotoxin(s) produced by B. pertussis increases cAMP?
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Pertussis toxin
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Adenylate Cyclase Toxin
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Dermonecrotic Toxin
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Tracheal cytotoxin
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Pertussis and Adenylate Cyclase Toxin
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Pertussis and Dermonecrotic Toxin
Correct Answer
A. Pertussis and Adenylate Cyclase ToxinExplanation
The correct answer is pertussis and Adenylate Cyclase Toxin. Both of these exotoxins produced by B. pertussis have the ability to increase cAMP levels.Rate this question:
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- 30.
Which gram-negative bacilli causes whooping cough?
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Bordetella pertussis
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Francisella tularemia
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Pasturella multocida
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H. influenzae
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Brucella species
Correct Answer
A. Bordetella pertussisExplanation
Bordetella pertussis causes whooping cough, also known as pertussis. This gram-negative bacilli is responsible for the contagious respiratory infection that affects the airways and causes severe coughing fits. It is transmitted through respiratory droplets and primarily affects infants and young children. The characteristic "whooping" sound occurs when the infected person tries to inhale after a coughing episode.Rate this question:
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- 31.
With B. pertussis the cells must die and release their toxins to cause the symptoms of the disease
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The statement is true because B. pertussis, the bacterium that causes whooping cough, produces toxins that are released when infected cells die. These toxins are responsible for the symptoms of the disease, such as severe coughing fits, difficulty breathing, and the characteristic "whooping" sound. Therefore, for the symptoms to occur, the cells must die and release the toxins.Rate this question:
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- 32.
W hat is the first stage of whooping cough that occurs just as bacteria just start to die and release toxin?
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Catarrhal stage
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Paroxysmal stage
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Convalescent stage
Correct Answer
A. Catarrhal stageExplanation
The catarrhal stage is the first stage of whooping cough that occurs just as the bacteria start to die and release toxins. During this stage, symptoms such as a runny nose, sneezing, mild cough, and low-grade fever may appear. It is characterized by inflammation and increased mucus production in the respiratory tract. This stage typically lasts for 1-2 weeks before progressing to the paroxysmal stage, where severe coughing fits occur. After the catarrhal and paroxysmal stages, the convalescent stage follows, where the symptoms gradually decrease and the person starts to recover.Rate this question:
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- 33.
Which stage of the Whooping Cough is the MOST contagious stage?
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Catarrhal stage
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Paroxysmal stage
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Convalescent stage
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None, it is not contagious
Correct Answer
A. Catarrhal stageExplanation
i. This is the MOST contagious stage since many bacteria still alive in respiratory tract and all the coughing and sneezing spread live bacteria easily to other childrenRate this question:
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- 34.
What is characteristic of the Paroxysmal stage of whooping cough?
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Parents think it is the common cold and do not isolate their children from other children.
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Mucous build-up in Lungs causing air blockage
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Coughing spells diminish slowly and decrease in number of spells and severity
Correct Answer
A. Mucous build-up in Lungs causing air blockageExplanation
During the paroxysmal stage of whooping cough, one of the characteristic symptoms is mucous build-up in the lungs causing air blockage. This can lead to difficulty in breathing and can be a serious complication of the disease. It is important to recognize this stage and seek medical attention to prevent further complications and to ensure proper treatment.Rate this question:
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- 35.
Secondary pneumonia is biggest threat of Whooping Cough
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True
-
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The statement is true because secondary pneumonia is indeed the biggest threat of whooping cough. Whooping cough, also known as pertussis, is a highly contagious respiratory infection caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis. It primarily affects the respiratory system and can cause severe coughing fits, difficulty breathing, and a characteristic "whooping" sound. While whooping cough itself can be dangerous, secondary pneumonia is a common complication that can occur as a result of the infection. Pneumonia is a serious condition that can lead to further complications and even death, particularly in infants, young children, and individuals with weakened immune systems. Therefore, secondary pneumonia poses a significant threat in cases of whooping cough.Rate this question:
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- 36.
Which of the following is not true about the use of Erythromycin in the treatment of whooping cough caused by Bordatella pertussis?
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Significantly eases the symptoms of the disease
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Reduces number of live bacteria
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Reduces the incidence of secondary pneumonia
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Is important in the prophylactic treatment of contacts
Correct Answer
A. Significantly eases the symptoms of the diseaseExplanation
It has no effect on the diseaseRate this question:
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- 37.
Which zoonotic gram-negative bacilli causes undulant fever?
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Bordetella pertussis
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Francisella tularemia
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Pasturella multocida
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H. influenzae
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Brucella species
Correct Answer
A. Brucella speciesExplanation
these medically important species are named for the livestock they commonly come fromRate this question:
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- 38.
W hich of the following is not used in the prevention of disease caused by Brucella species?
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Human vaccine
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Animal vaccine
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Killing infected animals
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Pasteurizing milk
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Wearing protecting clothing while in contact with animals
Correct Answer
A. Human vaccineExplanation
just a note: Tetracycline is the drug of choice when treating the diseaseRate this question:
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- 39.
Which zoonotic gram-negative bacilli is found in more than 100 species of animals and insect vectors play an important role?
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Bordetella pertussis
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Francisella tularemia
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Pasturella multocida
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H. influenzae
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Brucella species
Correct Answer
A. Francisella tularemiaExplanation
especially rabbitsRate this question:
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- 40.
Which of the following are routes of transmission for Francisella tularemia?
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Infected tissue
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Inhalation
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Ingestion
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Insect bites
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All of the above
Correct Answer
A. All of the aboveExplanation
Francisella tularemia can be transmitted through various routes, including infected tissue, inhalation, ingestion, and insect bites. This means that all of the options listed are correct routes of transmission for this bacterium.Rate this question:
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- 41.
Which Clinical syndrome of Franciscella tularensis is the most common?
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Ulceroglandular
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Oculoglandular
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Pneumonic
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Typhoidal
Correct Answer
A. UlceroglandularExplanation
You see an ulcer at the site of inoculation, is commonly seen in hunters that kill rabbits and skin them. This would be the form seen from insect bite as wellRate this question:
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- 42.
Which Clinical syndrome of Franciscella tularensis has the highest mortality rate?
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Ulceroglandular
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Oculoglandular
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Pneumonic
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Typhoidal
Correct Answer
A. PneumonicExplanation
10% mortality if untreated. It is usually transmitted by primary inhalation, secondary spread from other forms.Rate this question:
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- 43.
Which Clinical syndrome of Franciscella tularensis is caused by the ingestion of contaminated meat or water?
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Ulceroglandular
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Oculoglandular
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Pneumonic
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Typhoidal
Correct Answer
A. TyphoidalExplanation
The clinical syndrome of Franciscella tularensis caused by the ingestion of contaminated meat or water is typhoidal. This form of tularemia is characterized by symptoms such as high fever, headache, body aches, and gastrointestinal symptoms. It can also involve the lymph nodes, liver, and spleen. Unlike other forms of tularemia, the typhoidal form does not typically present with ulceration or involvement of the eyes or lungs.Rate this question:
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- 44.
Tetracycline is the antibiotic of choice when treating Franciscella tularensis.
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True
-
False
Correct Answer
A. FalseExplanation
Gentamicin is (it’s a bactericidal antibiotic)Rate this question:
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- 45.
Which zoonotic gram-negative bacilli can cause septicemia and death in infants that are licked in the face by infected dogs or cats?
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Bordetella pertussis
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Francisella tularemia
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Pasturella multocida
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H. influenzae
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Brucella species
Correct Answer
A. Pasturella multocidaExplanation
Cellulitis occurs in people that are bitten by infected animalsRate this question:
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- 46.
Which antibiotic is very effective in treating Pasteurella multocida?
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Penicillin
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Tetracycline
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Gentamicin
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Prontosil
Correct Answer
A. PenicillinExplanation
Penicillin is very effective, which is rare for gram-negative bacteriaRate this question:
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- 47.
What is the most frequent cause of diarrheal disease?
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Enterobacteriaceae
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Helicobacter pylori
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Yersinia pestis
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Correct Answer
A. EnterobacteriaceaeExplanation
4 billion infections per year; 3 million deaths per year; More morbidity than any other bacterial groupRate this question:
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- 48.
Which of the following virulence factors of Enterobacteriaceae is important in the cause of diarrheal disease?
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Endotoxins
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Exotoxins
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Capsule
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Fimbriae
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Antigenic phase variations
Correct Answer
A. ExotoxinsExplanation
Recall that not all enterics produce exotoxinsRate this question:
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- 49.
What is the most important cause of nosocomial infections?
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E. coli
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H. pylori
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Salmonella typhi
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Shigella dysenteriae
Correct Answer
A. E. coliExplanation
The most important cause of nosocomial infections is E. coli. This bacterium is commonly found in the intestines of humans and animals and can cause various infections, especially in healthcare settings. It can be transmitted through contaminated food, water, or contact with infected individuals. E. coli infections can lead to urinary tract infections, pneumonia, bloodstream infections, and surgical site infections. Proper hygiene practices and infection control measures are important in preventing the spread of E. coli in healthcare settings.Rate this question:
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Current Version
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Mar 20, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Oct 29, 2010Quiz Created by
Cdtiller
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