MGT 502 Organizational Behavior - 1

Executives ranked self-respect as the most important terminal value because self-respect is a fundamental aspect of one's personal identity and self-worth. It is the belief in one's own abilities, values, and achievements, which contributes to a strong sense of dignity and integrity. Executives likely prioritize self-respect as it influences their decision-making, leadership style, and overall success in their professional and personal lives. By valuing self-respect, executives may strive for authenticity, ethical behavior, and maintaining a positive reputation, which can positively impact their relationships, career progression, and overall well-being.

Hanif's approach to the problem can be termed as loyalty. Despite being dissatisfied with his job, Hanif believes in the goodness of his supervisor and hopes that conditions will improve if he just waits. This shows his loyalty towards his supervisor and the organization. He is willing to endure the current situation in the belief that things will get better.

The correct answer is Psychology. In the field of Organizational Behavior (OB), the study of motivation has been greatly influenced by the discipline of psychology. Psychology focuses on understanding human behavior and the factors that drive individuals to act in certain ways. Motivation, which refers to the internal and external factors that stimulate individuals to achieve certain goals, is a key concept in psychology. Therefore, it is logical to conclude that psychology has had the most influence on the topic of motivation in OB.

Suspending an employee for dishonest behavior is an example of punishment because it involves the application of an aversive consequence (suspension) in response to the employee's dishonest behavior. Punishment aims to decrease the likelihood of the behavior occurring again in the future by associating it with negative consequences. In this case, the suspension serves as a punishment to discourage the employee from engaging in dishonest behavior in the future.

Executives ranked self-respect as the most important terminal value because it is a fundamental aspect of individual identity and personal worth. Self-respect refers to the belief in one's own abilities, achievements, and values. For executives, maintaining a strong sense of self-respect is crucial for their leadership roles and decision-making processes. It helps them build confidence, establish credibility, and earn respect from others. Additionally, self-respect drives individuals to set high standards for themselves, strive for personal growth, and maintain integrity in their professional and personal lives.

Sadaf's low absenteeism rate suggests that she takes responsibility for her health and has good health habits. This indicates that she believes she has control over her own actions and outcomes, which aligns with having an internal locus of control. People with an internal locus of control believe that they have the ability to influence events and outcomes in their lives through their own efforts and choices.

Counseling is not a method that can be used to change behavior through operant conditioning. Operant conditioning involves using either positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, or punishment to shape and modify behavior. Counseling, on the other hand, involves a therapeutic approach that focuses on providing guidance, support, and advice to individuals to help them gain insight, solve problems, and make positive changes in their lives. While counseling can be effective in addressing behavior-related issues, it is not a direct method of behavior change within the framework of operant conditioning.

An OB study, or Organizational Behavior study, focuses on understanding and managing individuals and groups within an organization. It primarily deals with human behavior and how it affects the overall functioning of the organization. While the other options in the question involve issues related to employee behavior and performance, a decrease in sales due to growing foreign competition is more related to external market factors rather than internal organizational behavior. Therefore, an OB study is least likely to be used to focus on this particular problem.

Extraverts are known for their outgoing and social nature, which suggests that Asad will likely attend the company picnic and have a large number of relationships. They are also typically suited to managerial or sales positions that involve interacting with others. However, extraverts may struggle with specialized, detail-oriented tasks that require focused attention and precision. Therefore, it is least likely that Asad will perform well on such tasks.

Emotional intelligence is particularly important in jobs that require social interaction because it involves the ability to understand and manage one's own emotions, as well as effectively recognize and respond to the emotions of others. In roles that involve frequent interactions with colleagues, clients, or customers, individuals with high emotional intelligence are better equipped to navigate and build positive relationships. They are more likely to exhibit empathy, communicate effectively, and resolve conflicts, all of which contribute to successful social interactions in the workplace.

Job satisfaction is best described as an attitude because it refers to an individual's overall feelings and emotions towards their job. It encompasses their level of contentment, fulfillment, and happiness in their work environment. Job satisfaction is subjective and varies from person to person, depending on their perception and experiences. It is not a result, as it is not solely determined by external factors or outcomes. It is also not a value or a discipline, as it does not involve a set of principles or rules to follow.

Type As commonly make poor decisions because they make them too fast. Type As are known for their competitive and ambitious nature, often exhibiting impatience and a sense of urgency. They tend to be highly driven and goal-oriented, which can lead them to rush into decisions without thoroughly considering all the options or potential consequences. This impulsive decision-making style can result in poor choices and regrets later on.

Based on the given information that Rizwan is low on conscientiousness, it is likely that he will be easily distracted. Conscientiousness is a personality trait associated with being organized, responsible, and focused. Therefore, if Rizwan is low on conscientiousness, it suggests that he may have difficulty staying focused and may be prone to distractions.

Conscientiousness is the dimension of the Big Five model that predicts good job performance for all occupational groups. This trait refers to being organized, responsible, and dependable. Individuals high in conscientiousness are more likely to be diligent, focused, and committed to their work tasks. They tend to have higher levels of self-discipline and are more likely to follow through on their commitments and meet deadlines. This trait is important for success in various job roles as it is associated with better job performance, higher job satisfaction, and lower turnover rates.

Anger at being unfairly accused of a wrongdoing is an example of an attitude because it reflects a person's emotional response to a specific situation. Attitudes are a combination of beliefs, feelings, and behaviors towards a particular object, person, or situation. In this case, the attitude of anger is directed towards the unfair accusation, indicating a negative emotional response towards the perceived wrongdoing.

Ali is performing the figurehead role when he presents awards to outstanding employees within his department. The figurehead role involves representing the organization and performing ceremonial duties. In this case, Ali is acting as a representative of the organization by presenting awards, which is a ceremonial duty that symbolizes recognition and appreciation for the employees' outstanding performance.

Decision making would not be considered a human skill in Katz's structure because Katz's structure categorizes skills into three categories: technical skills, human skills, and conceptual skills. Decision making falls under the category of conceptual skills, which involves the ability to analyze and understand complex situations and make strategic decisions. Human skills, on the other hand, refer to the ability to work well with others, communicate effectively, and build relationships.

Factors other than satisfaction that impact one's decision to leave a current job include labor market conditions, length of tenure with the organization, and expectations about alternative job opportunities. Organizational citizenship behavior, on the other hand, refers to discretionary actions that are not directly rewarded or required but contribute to the overall effectiveness of the organization. It is not a factor that influences one's decision to leave a job, as it pertains to the employee's willingness to go above and beyond their formal job requirements.

The statement suggests that Fawad's behavior and personality vary depending on the situation he is in. At home, he is described as easy-going, while at work, he becomes tense and anxious. This indicates that his personality is influenced more by the situation he is in rather than his heredity or environment.

Asma is most likely using the perceptual shortcut of projection. Projection refers to the tendency to attribute one's own thoughts, feelings, and motives onto others. In this case, Asma believes her employees are honest and straightforward because she herself possesses those qualities. She is projecting her own characteristics onto her employees, ignoring any signs that they may be manipulating her.