Liver Pathology MCQs Quiz With Answers

Obstructive liver disease is characterized by liver malfunction caused by a blockage in the bile ducts. This blockage prevents the normal flow of bile, leading to a buildup of bile in the liver. Surgical intervention is often required to remove the blockage and restore proper bile flow. Diffuse liver disease refers to conditions that affect the entire liver, while hepatocellular liver disease involves damage to the liver cells themselves. None of these classifications specifically involve a blockage in the bile ducts, making obstructive the correct answer.

Pruritus refers to itching, which is a sensation that causes the desire to scratch. It is a common symptom of various skin conditions, allergies, and certain systemic diseases. Nausea is a feeling of sickness in the stomach, malaise is a general feeling of discomfort or unease, and numbness refers to a loss of sensation. Therefore, the correct answer is itching.

Hepatitis B is a viral infection that can be transmitted through blood transfusions or sexual contact. It is not primarily caused by fecal contamination. Approximately half of the cases of Hepatitis B progress to chronic hepatitis, which means the infection persists for a long period of time. The duration of the infection can vary from person to person.

Immunocompromised patients are more susceptible to Candidiasis infection. This is because their weakened immune system cannot effectively fight off the Candida fungus, which is responsible for causing the infection. Immunocompromised individuals include those with HIV/AIDS, undergoing chemotherapy, organ transplant recipients, and individuals with certain autoimmune diseases. These patients have a reduced ability to mount an immune response, making them more vulnerable to infections like Candidiasis.

Glycogen storage disease is the correct answer because it is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder that affects carbohydrate metabolism. The most common type of this disease is Von Gierke's disease. In this condition, the body is unable to break down glycogen properly, leading to a buildup of glycogen in the liver and muscles. This can result in symptoms such as low blood sugar, enlarged liver, and growth delays. Therefore, glycogen storage disease is the most appropriate answer based on the given information.

Hepatatis D is predisposed by B

Obstruction level A will lead to only intrahepatic ducts dilating.

The given ultrasound findings of dilation of the IVC, SMV, HV, PV, and splenic veins suggest a diagnosis of passive hepatic congestion. Passive hepatic congestion occurs when there is impaired blood flow out of the liver, leading to an accumulation of blood within the hepatic veins and subsequent hepatomegaly. This can be seen in conditions such as congestive heart failure, where the heart's pumping ability is compromised, causing blood to back up into the liver. The slightly elevated lab values further support this diagnosis.

The given clinical presentation of fever, vomiting, RUQ pain, elevated LFTs, increased WBC count, and a 2 cm round, echogenic lesion in the right lobe on sonographic exam is consistent with a pyogenic abscess. Pyogenic abscesses are commonly caused by bacterial infections and can result in localized inflammation and collection of pus in the liver. The symptoms and imaging findings described align with this diagnosis. Focal nodular hyperplasia is a benign liver lesion that typically does not present with fever or other symptoms. Cholangiocarcinoma is a malignant tumor of the bile ducts and would not typically present with acute symptoms. Bacterial hepatitis may present with similar symptoms, but the presence of a distinct lesion on imaging suggests a localized abscess rather than diffuse liver inflammation.

Common duct stricture refers to the narrowing or obstruction of the common bile duct, which carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the small intestine. Post-cholecystectomy refers to the period after the surgical removal of the gallbladder. It is a common complication of cholecystectomy, and it can lead to the development of common duct stricture. Therefore, post-cholecystectomy is a likely cause of common duct stricture.

The correct answer is amoebic abscess. Pain, diarrhea, and black tarry stool are common gastrointestinal symptoms associated with amoebic abscess. Amoebic abscess is caused by the parasite Entamoeba histolytica, which can infect the liver and form abscesses. The infection can lead to abdominal pain, diarrhea, and the passage of black tarry stool due to bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract. Pyogenic abscess, acute hepatitis, and echinococcal cyst may also cause gastrointestinal symptoms, but they are not specifically associated with black tarry stool.

The given answer, "a and b," is correct because chronic hepatitis can lead to both fatty changes and fibrosis in the liver. Fatty changes refer to the accumulation of fat within liver cells, while fibrosis is the formation of scar tissue in the liver. Both of these conditions can contribute to a coarse hepatic texture and hepatomegaly (enlarged liver). Additionally, chronic hepatitis can also cause gallbladder wall thickening. Therefore, all of the mentioned symptoms are associated with chronic hepatitis.

not transmitted through ingested water. amebic abscess is transmitted through ingested water.

An obstruction proximal to the cystic duct can be caused by metastatic tumor invasion of porta hepatis and lymph nodes. This means that if there is a tumor that has spread to the porta hepatis or the lymph nodes in the area, it can block the flow of bile through the cystic duct. This can lead to symptoms such as jaundice and abdominal pain. CBD stones and a pancreatic head mass can also cause obstructions, but they are not included in the given answer.

A lesion distal to the cystic duct and head of the pancreas would be classified as none of the above. This means that it does not fall into any of the given categories A, B, or C. The question does not provide any specific classification for this type of lesion, suggesting that it may have unique characteristics or require a different classification system altogether.

The formation of a triangular fat wedge is not a sign of an intrahepatic mass. Intrahepatic masses typically present with displacement of hepatic vasculature, external bulging of the liver capsule, and posterior displacement of the IVC. However, the formation of a triangular fat wedge is not typically associated with an intrahepatic mass.

An extrahepatic lesion refers to a condition or abnormality that occurs outside of the liver. The symptoms associated with an extrahepatic lesion include discontinuity of the liver capsule, anterior displacement of the right kidney, anteriormedial shift of the IVC, and internal invagination of the liver capsule. However, external bulging of the liver capsule is not typically associated with an extrahepatic lesion. This means that the correct answer is "external bulging of the liver capsule."

Stones in the common bile duct can cause a blockage in the distal part of the biliary duct, leading to distal biliary duct obstruction. Similarly, a stricture (narrowing) of the common bile duct can also result in a blockage in the distal part of the duct. Therefore, both stones in the common bile duct and a stricture of the duct can cause distal biliary duct obstruction.

Acute hepatitis refers to inflammation of the liver. One of the characteristic features of acute hepatitis is a decrease in liver echogenicity, which means that the liver appears less bright on imaging studies such as ultrasound. This decrease in echogenicity is due to the infiltration of inflammatory cells and edema in the liver tissue. The other options mentioned, such as an increase in liver chogenicity, no increase in liver size, and the potential complications of cirrhosis and liver failure, are not specifically associated with acute hepatitis.

The correct answer is a combination of lab values associated with hepatitis. In hepatitis, there is typically an increase in AST and ALT, which are liver enzymes. The levels of these enzymes may initially rise and then fall rapidly after several days. Additionally, hepatitis can cause leukopenia, which is a decrease in white blood cell count. Finally, there is an increase in bilirubin, which is a yellow pigment produced by the liver and is elevated in liver diseases.