GCSE Biology Revision - Heart & Circulation
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The heart is tasked with pumping blood where it pumps oxygenated blood to the body and deoxygenated blood to the lungs. The heart also has three main types of blood vessels that ensure the blood is transferred throughout the body. This test covers the B3 unit of AQA GCSE Biology on heart and circulation. Give it a try and see just how ready you are for the exams.
Questions and Answers
- 1.
Which heart chamber has the thickest muscle?
- A.
Left atrium
- B.
Left Ventricle
- C.
Right Atrium
- D.
Right Ventricle
Correct Answer
B. Left VentricleExplanation
The left ventricle has the thickest muscle compared to the other heart chambers. This is because it is responsible for pumping oxygenated blood to the rest of the body, requiring more forceful contractions. The left ventricle receives oxygen-rich blood from the left atrium and then pumps it out through the aorta to supply oxygen to the body's tissues. Its thick muscular walls allow it to generate sufficient pressure to propel blood throughout the systemic circulation.Rate this question:
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- 2.
The correct order for the movement of blood through a heart is
- A.
LA, LV, RV, RA
- B.
RA, LV, LA, RV
- C.
LV, RA, RV, LA
- D.
RV, LA, RA, LV
Correct Answer
C. LV, RA, RV, LA -
- 3.
Which of the following substances leaves blood as it passes through capillaries in organs like the liver or pancreas
- A.
Oxygen
- B.
Carbon Dioxide
- C.
Starch
- D.
Urea
Correct Answer
A. OxygenExplanation
Oxygen leaves the blood as it passes through capillaries in organs like the liver or pancreas. This is because oxygen is transported by red blood cells and released into the tissues where it is needed for cellular respiration. In the liver and pancreas, oxygen is used by the cells for various metabolic processes. Carbon dioxide, on the other hand, is produced as a waste product in these organs and is removed from the tissues and transported back to the lungs to be exhaled. Starch and urea are not directly involved in the gas exchange process in capillaries.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Anaerobic respiration in humans produces
- A.
Ethanol
- B.
Lactic Acid, Carbon Dioxide
- C.
Lactic Acid
- D.
Ethanol, Carbon Dioxide
Correct Answer
C. Lactic AcidExplanation
During anaerobic respiration in humans, when there is a lack of oxygen, glucose is broken down to produce energy. This process, known as fermentation, occurs in the absence of oxygen and results in the production of lactic acid. Lactic acid is produced in muscles when they are working strenuously and cannot receive enough oxygen to meet their energy demands. This buildup of lactic acid causes muscle fatigue and soreness. Therefore, the correct answer is lactic acid.Rate this question:
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- 5.
In distance running the best description of the type of respiration occurring is
- A.
Mostly aerobic
- B.
Mostly anaerobic
- C.
Equally aerobic and anaerobic
- D.
No respiration until the oxygen deby is repaid
Correct Answer
A. Mostly aerobicExplanation
In distance running, the best description of the type of respiration occurring is mostly aerobic. Aerobic respiration is the process by which the body produces energy in the presence of oxygen. During distance running, the body requires a sustained and continuous supply of energy, which is efficiently provided through aerobic respiration. This process allows the body to break down carbohydrates and fats to produce ATP, the main energy source for muscles. While some anaerobic respiration may occur during intense bursts of speed or when oxygen supply is limited, the majority of energy production during distance running is aerobic.Rate this question:
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- 6.
If the volume of the left ventricle is 50cm3 and the resting heart rate is 70 beats per minute what volume of blood (cm3) will leave the left ventricle of a resting man in 10 minutes?
- A.
350
- B.
3500
- C.
35000
- D.
350000
Correct Answer
C. 35000Explanation
The volume of blood leaving the left ventricle per minute can be calculated by multiplying the volume of the left ventricle (50 cm3) by the heart rate (70 beats per minute). This gives us 3500 cm3 of blood leaving the left ventricle per minute. To find the volume of blood that will leave the left ventricle in 10 minutes, we multiply 3500 cm3 by 10, which equals 35,000 cm3. Therefore, the correct answer is 35,000.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Which of the following is the correct order of blood vessels arranged from lowest pressure to highest pressure
- A.
Vein, venule, capillary, artery
- B.
Venule, vein, artery, capillary
- C.
Vein, arteriole, venule, capillary
- D.
Artery, capillary, venule, vein
Correct Answer
A. Vein, venule, capillary, arteryExplanation
The correct order of blood vessels arranged from lowest pressure to highest pressure is vein, venule, capillary, artery. Veins have the lowest pressure as they carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart. Venules are smaller branches of veins and also have low pressure. Capillaries, the smallest blood vessels, have the lowest pressure due to their thin walls and slow blood flow. Arteries have the highest pressure as they carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body, requiring more forceful contractions.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Which of the following is an effect of regular exercise?
- A.
Recovery takes longer
- B.
Resting heart rate gets faster
- C.
Lungs grow much larger
- D.
Resting heart muscles contract harder
Correct Answer
D. Resting heart muscles contract harderExplanation
Regular exercise strengthens the heart muscles, allowing them to contract more forcefully during rest. This increased contractility results in a more efficient pumping of blood throughout the body, leading to a lower resting heart rate.Rate this question:
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- 9.
More blood is delivered to leg muscles during exercise because
- A.
More water is needed for sweating
- B.
More oxygen is needed by muscle cells
- C.
Warmer muscles work faster
- D.
Active muscles need more lactic acid
Correct Answer
B. More oxygen is needed by muscle cellsExplanation
During exercise, the demand for energy in the muscles increases. This energy is produced through cellular respiration, which requires oxygen. Therefore, more oxygen is needed by muscle cells to support the increased energy production during exercise. This is why more blood is delivered to the leg muscles during exercise, as the blood carries oxygen from the lungs to the muscles.Rate this question:
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- 10.
The organ mainly responsible for removing lactic acid following vigorous exercise is
- A.
Lungs
- B.
Heart
- C.
Liver
- D.
Kidneys
Correct Answer
C. LiverExplanation
The liver is the organ mainly responsible for removing lactic acid following vigorous exercise. Lactic acid is produced during intense physical activity when the body cannot supply enough oxygen to the muscles. The liver plays a crucial role in converting lactic acid into glucose through a process called gluconeogenesis. This glucose can then be used as an energy source by the body or stored for later use. The liver's ability to remove lactic acid helps to prevent muscle fatigue and allows the body to recover more quickly from exercise.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Humans have a double circulatory system. The advantage of this is
- A.
It oxygenates blood
- B.
It removes carbon dioxide easily
- C.
It keeps blood pressure high in body capillaries
- D.
It keeps lung tissue living
Correct Answer
C. It keeps blood pressure high in body capillariesExplanation
The advantage of humans having a double circulatory system is that it keeps blood pressure high in body capillaries. This is important because high blood pressure ensures that oxygen and nutrients are delivered efficiently to the body's tissues and organs. It also helps to maintain proper circulation and prevents the buildup of waste products in the capillaries. By maintaining high blood pressure in body capillaries, the double circulatory system supports overall cardiovascular health and optimal functioning of the body.Rate this question:
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- 12.
The blood vessel walls with the highest proportion of elastic tissue are found in
- A.
Arteries
- B.
Capillaries
- C.
Venules
- D.
Veins
Correct Answer
A. ArteriesExplanation
Arteries have the highest proportion of elastic tissue in their blood vessel walls. This elastic tissue allows the arteries to stretch and recoil, helping to maintain blood pressure and ensuring continuous blood flow throughout the body. The elastic properties of arteries also help to dampen the pulsatile nature of blood flow generated by the heart's contractions, resulting in a smoother flow of blood. This is why arteries are able to withstand the high pressure generated by the heart and efficiently transport oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Which of the following is in highest concentration in the pulmonary vein?
- A.
Oxygen
- B.
Haemoglobin
- C.
Oxyhaemoglobin
- D.
Deoxyhaemoglobin
Correct Answer
C. OxyhaemoglobinExplanation
Oxyhemoglobin is the correct answer because the pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart. Oxyhemoglobin is formed when oxygen binds to hemoglobin in red blood cells, allowing it to be transported to the body tissues. Therefore, it is expected to be in the highest concentration in the pulmonary vein as it is carrying oxygen-rich blood.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Heart sounds are produced when
- A.
Heart valves open
- B.
Heart valves close
- C.
Blood fills the atria
- D.
Blood fills the ventricles
Correct Answer
B. Heart valves closeExplanation
Heart sounds are produced when the heart valves close. When the heart contracts, the valves between the chambers close to prevent the backflow of blood. The closure of these valves creates vibrations that can be heard as heart sounds. These sounds, known as the "lub-dub" sound, are the first and second heart sounds. The first sound, "lub," is produced when the mitral and tricuspid valves close at the beginning of systole. The second sound, "dub," is produced when the aortic and pulmonary valves close at the beginning of diastole. Therefore, the correct answer is heart valves close.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Choose the best answer for the following question. Valves are present in
- A.
Veins
- B.
Arteries
- C.
Capillaries
- D.
Arterioles
Correct Answer
A. VeinsExplanation
Valves are present in veins. Valves in veins help to prevent the backflow of blood and ensure that blood flows in one direction towards the heart. This is important because veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart from various parts of the body. The presence of valves in veins helps to maintain the flow of blood and prevent pooling or stagnation of blood in the veins.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Which of the following substances is not transported in blood plasma?
- A.
Urea
- B.
Oxygen
- C.
Glycogen
- D.
Glucose
Correct Answer
C. GlycogenExplanation
Glycogen is not transported in blood plasma because it is a stored form of glucose in the liver and muscles. When energy is needed, glycogen is broken down into glucose and released into the bloodstream. Glucose, on the other hand, is transported in blood plasma to provide energy to cells. Urea is a waste product of protein metabolism and is transported in blood plasma to be excreted by the kidneys. Oxygen is transported in blood plasma bound to hemoglobin in red blood cells. Therefore, glycogen is the only substance in the given options that is not directly transported in blood plasma.Rate this question:
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