First Patho Quiz

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  • 1/50 Questions

    Thrombi are classified as either Red or White, which type of thrombi is: smaller, composed of tightly intermixed RBC's and fibrin?

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First Patho Quiz - Quiz
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Intro from Cell Adaptations to Hemodynamic disorders

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  • 2. 
      Is this a benign tumor or melignant? - ProProfs

      Is this a benign tumor or melignant?

  • 3. 

    Do all neoplastic cells lead to tumors?

    Explanation
    Neoplasis means new growth, it is uncontrolled growth of cells which is unable to be controlled with normal regulatory mechanisms. Proliferation can lead to masses called tumors but not all... ie leukemia

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  • 4. 

    A neoplasm made up of all 3 germ layers is called?

    Explanation
    Teratomas are made up of all 3 germ layers, (ecto, meso and endoderm) not always easily identifiable. Teratomas often contrain hair, teeth, bone and can contain more complex structures such as a torso or organs, but is not common

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  • 5. 

    A non-specific but predictable response of living tissue due to injury is called?

  • 6. 

    Insufficiences of blood supply with sudden onset, resulting in ischemic necrosis are called

    • Infection

    • Hemorrhage

    • Gangrene

    • Inflammation

    • Infarction

    Correct Answer
    A. Infarction
    Explanation
    most caused by thrombus or emboli

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  • 7. 

    What is Serous Inflammation characterized by?

    • The mildest form of inflammation, characterized by exudation of fluid (mostly albumin), a clear- like serum. (i.e. early stages of pneumonia)

    • Severe inflammation, characterized by fibrinous exudate, occurs in larger vascular tissue, seen in bacterial infections (pericarditis)

    • Inflammation caused by pus-forming bacteria, such as Staph or Strep. Pus may accumulate on mucous, skin, or internal organs (bacterial meningitis)

    • Inflammation of body surfaces of mucosa and hollow organs (stomach or intestines) or a loss of epithelial lining

    • Inflammation characterized by exudate of fibrin, pus, cell debris, and mucous form a pseudomembrane on the surface of ulcers

    Correct Answer
    A. The mildest form of inflammation, characterized by exudation of fluid (mostly albumin), a clear- like serum. (i.e. early stages of pneumonia)
  • 8. 

    The prototype for a Granulomatous disease is what?

    • Serous pleuritis

    • Ulceritive colitis

    • Tuberculosis

    • Acute bacterial meningitis

    • Pelvic inflammatory disease

    Correct Answer
    A. Tuberculosis
  • 9. 

    Saddle emboli is characterized by

    • Large venous clots at the entry of a main pulmonary artery causing acute right heart failure and severe hypotension

    • A small arterial clot which will lodge in the middle cerebral artery

    • An aggregate of bone marrow released due to CPR

    • Amniotic fluid which has reached the venous system

    • An air embolism traveling through a vein

    Correct Answer
    A. Large venous clots at the entry of a main pulmonary artery causing acute right heart failure and severe hypotension
    Explanation
    Saddle emboli is a severe venous emboli, important that they are so large because they are able to clog main entry of pulmonary artery. Smaller emboli can occlude small branches causing pulmonary infarcts which are triangular or wedge-shaped

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  • 10. 

    Pseudomembranous Infammation?

    • Inflammation caused by pus-forming bacteria (dead or dying PMNs), such as Staph or Strep. Pus may accumulate on mucous, skin, or internal organs (bacterial meningitis)

    • Severe inflammation, characterized by fibrinous exudate, occurs in larger vascular tissue, seen in bacterial infections (pericarditis)

    • Inflammation characterized by exudate of fibrin, pus, cell debris, and mucous form a pseudomembrane on the surface of ulcers

    • Inflammation of body surfaces of mucosa and hollow organs (stomach or intestines) or a loss of epithelial lining

    • The mildest form of inflammation, characterized by exudation of fluid (mostly albumin), a clear- like serum. (i.e. early stages of pneumonia)

    Correct Answer
    A. Inflammation characterized by exudate of fibrin, pus, cell debris, and mucous form a pseudomembrane on the surface of ulcers
  • 11. 

    Hypovolemic Shock alone results from?

    • Pump failure of heart

    • Bacterium containing LPS that die in body and cause DIC

    • Hypoperfusion

    • Loss of circulatory fluid volume

    • Don't know?!?

    Correct Answer
    A. Loss of circulatory fluid volume
    Explanation
    Hypovolemic shock is attributed to massive hemorrhage or water loss (ie massive burn, vomiting/diarrhea)

    hypotonic shock results from a loss of vascular tone due to pooling of blood in dilated peripheral vessels, occurs in pt's with anaphylactic shock or neurogenic stimuli

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  • 12. 

    A venous emboli that reaches arterial circulation through the foramen ovale is called

    • Arterial

    • Paradoxical

    • Intramural

    • Venous

    • Microvascular

    Correct Answer
    A. Paradoxical
    Explanation
    The anatomical classification of emboli are in three categories; venous, arterial, and paradoxical. Venous-originate in veins, carried venously, and typically lodge in pulmonary arteries (PE). Arterial-orinate in left atrium or ventricle, aorta, or other major arteries--these are important caused of infarction and generally end up in brain. And Paradoxical emboli are venous emboli that reach areterial circulation through the foramen ovale which did not close at birth, important because they are often fatal.

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  • 13. 

    Autolysis is different than necrosis because it only occurs ??

    Correct Answer
    after death
    Explanation
    necrosis is the death of cells or tissues and only occurs in the living with inflammation, autolysis occurs after death due to the breakdown of tissue to due the release of enzymes

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  • 14. 
    ReWhat type of necrosis is this? - ProProfs

    ReWhat type of necrosis is this?

    • Caseous

    • Coagulative

    • Liquefactive

    • Fat

    Correct Answer
    A. Liquefactive
  • 15. 

    Caseous Necrosis is characterized by?

    • Denaturing of proteins, cytoplasm appears slightly granulated

    • Tissue becomes soft-gel-like due to certain enzyme

    • Lipolytic enzymes cause liquifaction

    • A thick, yellow, cheesy substance forms

    • Necrosis

    Correct Answer
    A. A thick, yellow, cheesy substance forms
    Explanation
    Caseous necrosis A form of coagulative necrosis, typically found in tuberculosis, which is characterized by lung granulomas inside which are the caseous necrosis or yellow, cheesy substance

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  • 16. 

    Ulcerative inflammation?

    • Inflammation characterized by exudate of fibrin, pus, cell debris, and mucous form a pseudomembrane on the surface of ulcers

    • Inflammation caused by pus-forming bacteria, such as Staph or Strep. Pus may accumulate on mucous, skin, or internal organs (bacterial meningitis)

    • Inflammation of body surfaces of mucosa and hollow organs (stomach or intestines) or a loss of epithelial lining

    • Severe inflammation, characterized by fibrinous exudate, occurs in larger vascular tissue, seen in bacterial infections (pericarditis)

    • The mildest form of inflammation, characterized by exudation of fluid (mostly albumin), a clear- like serum. (i.e. early stages of pneumonia)

    Correct Answer
    A. Inflammation of body surfaces of mucosa and hollow organs (stomach or intestines) or a loss of epithelial lining
  • 17. 

    Fibrinous Inflammation?

    • Inflammation of body surfaces of mucosa and hollow organs (stomach or intestines) or a loss of epithelial lining

    • Severe inflammation, characterized by fibrinous exudate, occurs in larger vascular tissue, seen in bacterial infections (pericarditis)

    • Inflammation characterized by exudate of fibrin, pus, cell debris, and mucous form a pseudomembrane on the surface of ulcers

    • The mildest form of inflammation, characterized by exudation of fluid (mostly albumin), a clear- like serum. (i.e. early stages of pneumonia)

    • Inflammation caused by pus-forming bacteria (dead or dying PMNs), such as Staph or Strep. Pus may accumulate on mucous, skin, or internal organs (bacterial meningitis)

    Correct Answer
    A. Severe inflammation, characterized by fibrinous exudate, occurs in larger vascular tissue, seen in bacterial infections (pericarditis)
  • 18. 

    Purulent Inflammation?

    • Inflammation of body surfaces of mucosa and hollow organs (stomach or intestines) or a loss of epithelial lining

    • The mildest form of inflammation, characterized by exudation of fluid (mostly albumin), a clear- like serum. (i.e. early stages of pneumonia)

    • Inflammation characterized by exudate of fibrin, pus, cell debris, and mucous form a pseudomembrane on the surface of ulcers

    • Inflammation caused by pus-forming bacteria (dead or dying PMNs), such as Staph or Strep. Pus may accumulate on mucous, skin, or internal organs (bacterial meningitis)

    • Severe inflammation, characterized by fibrinous exudate, occurs in larger vascular tissue, seen in bacterial infections (pericarditis)

    Correct Answer
    A. Inflammation caused by pus-forming bacteria (dead or dying PMNs), such as Staph or Strep. Pus may accumulate on mucous, skin, or internal organs (bacterial meningitis)
  • 19. 

    Metaplasia is

    • Disordered growth of cells

    • Adaptive change from one cell type to another

    • Uncontrolled undifferenciation of cells

    • New growth of cells

    • Loss of functionality of cells

    Correct Answer
    A. Adaptive change from one cell type to another
    Explanation
    Examples of metaplasia are bronchial epithelium metaplsia due to smoking and gastric or glandular metaplasia of GE junction in BE

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  • 20. 

    The most common form of necrosis is?

    • Fat

    • Liquifaction

    • Caseous

    • Coagulative

    • Gross! :-x

    Correct Answer
    A. Coagulative
    Explanation
    Coagulative necrosis occurs when cells proteins are denatured like when cooking eggs, the cytoplasm appears slightly granulated. This is most often caused by anoxia ie Acute MI,

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  • 21. 

    An abnormal passageway between two endothelium-lined organs or between two blood vessels that don't normally connect

    • Pustule

    • Abscess

    • Anestemosis

    • Fistula

    Correct Answer
    A. Fistula
  • 22. 

    The major difference macroscopically of benign tumors and malignant tumors is

    • Evenly distributed nuclei

    • Well developed cytoplasm

    • Encapsulation

    • New features to cells not inherent to type of cell

    • Uniform population

    Correct Answer
    A. Encapsulation
  • 23. 

    Necrotic tissue attracts calicium, which can undergo calcification--ranging from sand-like to rock-hard material is called?

    • Emboli

    • Metastatic Calcification

    • Granuloma

    • Dystrophic Calcification

    • Blah blah

    Correct Answer
    A. Dystrophic Calcification
    Explanation
    Examples include calcification in atherosclerotic coronary arteries--stenosis or taxoplasmosis

    Metastatic calcifications reflect deranged calcium metabolism not due to cell injury usually due to increased serum levels of calcium, leading to deposition of calcium to distant locations.

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  • 24. 
    What type of Necrosis? - ProProfs

    What type of Necrosis?

    • Caseous

    • Coagulative

    • Fat

    • Liquefactive

    Correct Answer
    A. Caseous
  • 25. 
    Which type of necrosis? - ProProfs

    Which type of necrosis?

    • Fat

    • Caseous

    • Coagulative

    • Liquefactive

    Correct Answer
    A. Coagulative
  • 26. 
    This is... - ProProfs

    This is...

    • Caseating

    • Non-Caseating

    Correct Answer
    A. Caseating
  • 27. 

    Not sharply demarcated from normal tissue, lacking sharp borders, poorly developed cytoplasm, and large nuclei are characteristics of?

    • Blood disorders

    • Macroscopic findings of melignant tumors

    • Microscopic findings of benign tumors

    • Microscopic findings of melignant tumors

    • Alzheimer's

    Correct Answer
    A. Microscopic findings of melignant tumors
  • 28. 

    When environmental changes exceed the ability of a cell to maintian homeostasis, adapt and cause cell death is?

    • Necrosis

    • Irreversible cell injury

    • Hemmorhage

    • Reversible cell injury

    • Emboli

    Correct Answer
    A. Irreversible cell injury
    Explanation
    Necrosis is when cells die due to different causes. Cell injury is when environmental changes occur, when the cell is unable to maintain homeostasis, (this is still reversible) the cell injury becomes irreversible when the ability to adapt is no longer possible, damage is to great and cells die and rupture of cell membrane.

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  • 29. 
    - ProProfs

    • Caseating

    • Non-Caseating

    Correct Answer
    A. Caseating
  • 30. 

    What is an a liquid emboli?

    • A bolus of fat that has entered veins (usually after fx)

    • A large piece of tissue that become necrotic, been released and enteres vascular system

    • A piece of plaque from an atherosclerotic artery

    • Bone marrow

    • Air injected into veins

    Correct Answer
    A. A bolus of fat that has entered veins (usually after fx)
    Explanation
    An emboli is a freely movable particle or intravascular mass that is carried from one site to another. The clinical significance of an emboli is that they all can occlude blood vessels and thus interrupt blood supply

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  • 31. 

    What is a thrombus?

    • A liquid bolus carried through the vascular system

    • Plaque that has been released from a vessel wall and floating through the vascular system

    • A mass of fat moving in the arterial system

    • A mass that was once liquid, but now solid containing blood cells and fat

    • Bone marrow aggregate that has entered the vascular system

    Correct Answer
    A. A mass that was once liquid, but now solid containing blood cells and fat
    Explanation
    Pathologic Classification of Thrombi by location are Intramural-attach to mural endocardium of heart chamber, Arterial- attach to arterial wall, typically cover atheromas
    Venous-usually are in dilated veins (varicose veins) they give impressions of thrombophlebitis
    Microvascular-found in arterioles, venules, typical of IVC

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  • 32. 

    An example of a lymphatic pathway of metastasis is?

    • Melanoma

    • Squamous cell carcinoma in lungs

    • Seeding of renal cell carcinoma to adrenal gland

    • Leukemia

    • Breast cancer

    Correct Answer
    A. Breast cancer
    Explanation
    bloodstream metastasis is very common, one example of direct extension is renal cell carcinoma to adrenal gland...

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  • 33. 

    The best example of Dysplasia is? (according to Fisch)

    • Squamous cell carcinoma

    • Melanoma

    • Leukemia

    • Dysplastic Anemia

    • Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia

    Correct Answer
    A. Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia
    Explanation
    Dysplasia is disordered growth of tissues (they have abnormal maturation) result from chronic inflammation or irritation. Dysplasia is considered precancerous!!!

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  • 34. 

    What occurs in stage 2 of cellular death?

    • Necrosis

    • Swelling of cell and release of lysosomal enzymes

    • Liquifying of tissues

    • Loss of function

    • Go back and look

    Correct Answer
    A. Swelling of cell and release of lysosomal enzymes
  • 35. 

    Arterial Emboli usually end up where?

    • Pulmonary arteries

    • Subpleaural space

    • Aorta

    • Middle cerebral artery

    • Left ventricle

    Correct Answer
    A. Middle cerebral artery
    Explanation
    Arterial emboli are an important cause of ischemia in various organs, most originate from endocardium or valvular thrombi. Arterial emboli generally fragment because of the speed of blood flow through arteries, clogging medium-sized vessels. If lodged in the middle cerebral artery tends to cause infarcts of basal ganglia. Other organs that are at risk of arterial emboli are Spleen--splenic infarct, Intestines--(messentary) causing Intestinal infarct or ischemic colitis, and Kidney--renal infarct

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  • 36. 
    What type of necrosis? - ProProfs

    What type of necrosis?

    • Coagulative

    • Liquefactive

    • Caseous

    • Fat

    Correct Answer
    A. Fat
  • 37. 
    This cell changes is one of the hallmarks of anaplasia, which one is it? - ProProfs

    This cell changes is one of the hallmarks of anaplasia, which one is it?

    • High mitotoc figures

    • Nuclei:Cytoplasm ratio

    • Marked pleomorhphism

    • Metastasis

    • Neoplasia

    Correct Answer
    A. Marked pleomorhphism
  • 38. 

    Has to do with anaplasia and is classified using roman numerals

    • Staging

    • Grading

    • TMN system

    Correct Answer
    A. Grading
  • 39. 

    Chronic Inflammation is marked by what exudate contents?

    • Basophils, Neutrophils, Heparin

    • PMNs, fibrin, granulocytes

    • Fibrin, lymph, parenchymal cells

    • Neutrophils, macrophages, plasmin, fibrin

    • Lymph, macrophages, plasma cells

    Correct Answer
    A. Lymph, macrophages, plasma cells
    Explanation
    All of the contents of the exudate produced by chronic inflammation stimulate loss parenchymal cells and cause scarring, i.e. in fallopian tube scarring

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  • 40. 

    Hallmarks of anaplasia are:marked nuclear/cellular __________high numbers of ________________nuclear:cytoplasm ratio of _______USE COMMAS

    Correct Answer
    pleomorphism, mitotic figures, 1:1
  • 41. 

    Irreversible cell damage causes damage to the nucleus; when fragmentation of the nucleus occurs and the chromatin is distributed irregularly it is called?

    • Karyolysis

    • Karyorrhexis

    • Pyknosis

    • No bueno!

    • Bummer

    Correct Answer
    A. Karyorrhexis
  • 42. 

    Granulomatous Inflammation is caused by what?

    • Antigens that evoke a cell mediated hypersensitivity or antigens at the site

    • Viral induced inflammation

    • A secondary liquefaction of tissue due to an initial inflammation

    • Dead or dying PMNs

    • Prolonged inflammation and irritation to tissues

    Correct Answer
    A. Antigens that evoke a cell mediated hypersensitivity or antigens at the site
    Explanation
    Granulomatous reactions are mediated by macrophages and T-lymphocytes that accumulate at injury site. The macrophages interconnect form nodules, transform into epitheloid cells which are immmobile and act as chemical mediators for inflammation

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  • 43. 

    Cardiogenic shock is due to pump failure of the heart, commonly secondary to infarct. This can result in what (hint only special to the loss of pump failure)?

    • Waterhouse-friderechsen syndrome

    • Hypoperfusion

    • Arrythmia

    • Somnolence

    • Oligouria

    Correct Answer
    A. Arrythmia
    Explanation
    Cardiogenic shock is due to pump failure of the heart, there is a loss of contractile elements which decrease the ability to pump, and can cause arrythmia. Differential might be CHF, myocarditis, and valvular heart disease

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  • 44. 

    A specialized form of liquefaction necrosis is?

    • Caseous Necrosis

    • Coagulative Necrosis

    • Fat Necrosis

    • Liquefactive Necrosis

    • Purulent

    Correct Answer
    A. Fat Necrosis
    Explanation
    Fat necrosis is a form of liquifaction necrosis caused by lipolytic enzymes, this is limited to fat tissue, often found around the pancreas, causes degragation of fat into glycerol and free fatty acids. Free fatty acids rapidly bind with calcium forming soaps causing white calcified specs

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  • 45. 
    What type of necrosis? - ProProfs

    What type of necrosis?

    • Caseous

    • Coagulative

    • Fat

    • Liquefactive

    Correct Answer
    A. Fat
  • 46. 
    What type of tumor is this?? - ProProfs

    What type of tumor is this??

    • Adenoma

    • Osteoma

    • Leiomyoma

    • Meningioma

    Correct Answer
    A. Leiomyoma
  • 47. 
    Which type of necrosis is this? - ProProfs

    Which type of necrosis is this?

    • Caseous

    • Coagulative

    • Fat

    • Liquefactive

    Correct Answer
    A. Fat
  • 48. 

    The only cardiac infarct that ruptures is?

    • Red infarct

    • Transmural

    • Paradoxical

    • White

    • Saddle emboli

    Correct Answer
    A. Transmural
    Explanation
    Transmural infarcts include all 3 layers and are the only cardiac infarct that ruptures

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  • 49. 

    White Infarts are characterized by what type of occlusion, place of occlusion, and another prominent identifiable mark?

    Correct Answer
    arterial, solid organs, rimmed with red zone
    arterial occlusion, solid organ, red zone
    arterial occlusion, solid organs, contain pus
    arterial, solid organs, red zone
    arterial, solid organs, contain pus
    Explanation
    Red infarcts are generally due to venous occlusion, often occur in intestines or testes, or typical of organs with dual blood supply i.e. the liver or lungs

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Quiz Review Timeline (Updated): Jan 7, 2013 +

Our quizzes are rigorously reviewed, monitored and continuously updated by our expert board to maintain accuracy, relevance, and timeliness.

  • Current Version
  • Jan 07, 2013
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • Sep 28, 2009
    Quiz Created by
    Harmoni
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