First Aid Review 2017

1. The E in RICE stands for Elevation, which helps slow the flow of blood and reduces swelling.

Yes

No

Elevation is used to limit or slow the flow of blood to the injured area, thereby reducing the amount of swelling. You should only elevate an injury, however, if doing so causes no further pain.

Explanation

Elevation is used to limit or slow the flow of blood to the injured area, thereby reducing the amount of swelling. You should only elevate an injury, however, if doing so causes no further pain.

2. With your gloves in place, you know you must now apply pressure to stop the bleeding. This pressure should be:

Direct

Indirect

Direct pressure is needed to help stop the bleeding. Use a sterile dressing placed directly on the wound, and firmly press with your gloved hand until the bleeding stops or you have applied a pressure bandage over the dressing to hold it firmly in place.

Explanation

Direct pressure is needed to help stop the bleeding. Use a sterile dressing placed directly on the wound, and firmly press with your gloved hand until the bleeding stops or you have applied a pressure bandage over the dressing to hold it firmly in place.

3. When dealing with a burn you should flush the burn with large amounts of cool running water, true or false?

True

False

When dealing with a burn, it is important to flush the burn with large amounts of cool running water. This helps to cool down the burned area and remove any heat from the skin, which can help to alleviate pain and prevent further damage. Flushing the burn with water also helps to remove any debris or chemicals that may be on the skin, reducing the risk of infection. Overall, this immediate action can aid in the initial treatment of a burn and promote faster healing.

Explanation

When dealing with a burn, it is important to flush the burn with large amounts of cool running water. This helps to cool down the burned area and remove any heat from the skin, which can help to alleviate pain and prevent further damage. Flushing the burn with water also helps to remove any debris or chemicals that may be on the skin, reducing the risk of infection. Overall, this immediate action can aid in the initial treatment of a burn and promote faster healing.

4. You are helping your friend Suzie get ready for a yard sale when she gashes her arm on an old piece of lawn furniture in the garage. The wound is bleeding pretty badly, but luckily, you always have a first aid kit in your car, which you hurry to retrieve. After quickly checking the scene, Suzie nods her consent when you ask if you can give first aid. After doing your check, your first step is to quickly apply:

Pressure

Disposable non-latex gloves

Putting on disposable non-latex gloves before giving first aid for a bleeding wound helps to protect you from potential bloodborne pathogens —even if you know the person you are helping well. If you think the blood could splatter, wear goggles or other eye protection. Make sure you keep your first aid kit equipped with appropriate personal protective equipment for these situations.

Explanation

Putting on disposable non-latex gloves before giving first aid for a bleeding wound helps to protect you from potential bloodborne pathogens —even if you know the person you are helping well. If you think the blood could splatter, wear goggles or other eye protection. Make sure you keep your first aid kit equipped with appropriate personal protective equipment for these situations.

5. The wound has been bandaged, but you notice that it is still bleeding, as evidenced by the large amount of blood that has seeped through the first bandage. Knowing you need to get the bleeding under control, you grab for:

A tourniquet

Another bandage

A tourniquet should only be used as a last resort, as it can cause major tissue damage and even limb loss. When applying another bandage, remember that you should never remove the first bandage. Rather, apply additional pressure and bandages over top of the first layer.

Explanation

A tourniquet should only be used as a last resort, as it can cause major tissue damage and even limb loss. When applying another bandage, remember that you should never remove the first bandage. Rather, apply additional pressure and bandages over top of the first layer.

6. The I in RICE means Immobilization, which is always achieved using a splint.

Yes

No

While Immobilization is an important step in RICE for many reasons—including reducing pain, lessening the risk for severe bleeding, and preventing further injury or a loss of circulation—actually splinting the injury should only be performed if you have to move or transport the person to receive care, and if you can do so without causing more pain.

Explanation

While Immobilization is an important step in RICE for many reasons—including reducing pain, lessening the risk for severe bleeding, and preventing further injury or a loss of circulation—actually splinting the injury should only be performed if you have to move or transport the person to receive care, and if you can do so without causing more pain.

7. The C in RICE stands for Compression, which is necessary to prevent the accumulation of fluid and swelling in an injured joint.

Yes

No

C actually stands for Cold, which should be applied to the injury to prevent joint swelling. Remember to use a thin towel to serve as a barrier between the ice and the skin.

Explanation

C actually stands for Cold, which should be applied to the injury to prevent joint swelling. Remember to use a thin towel to serve as a barrier between the ice and the skin.

8. You're at practice for your soccer league when you notice one of your teammates is struggling to keep her energy up and looks a little pale. You ask if she's feeling okay, to which she admits that she's actually a little nauseous and dizzy. Although she insists she wants to keep playing, you recognize the signs of heat exhaustion and urge her to sit down on the sidelines. Which of the following five (5) steps should you take to help care for your teammate's condition?

Have her "walk it off".

Tell her to remove any extra clothing.

Spray her with water.

Giver her salt tablets.

Fan her.

Giver her a cool electrolyte-based sports drink if available.

Encourage her to rest.

Have her lie flat on the ground.

When someone is showing signs of heat exhaustion, the goal is to help the individual cool and rehydrate the body before the heat exhaustion develops into an even more serious condition known as heat stroke. If the person’s condition does not improve after taking these measures, or if she refuses liquids, has a change in consciousness or starts vomiting, you should call 9-1-1 as these are signs the condition is getting worse.

Explanation

When someone is showing signs of heat exhaustion, the goal is to help the individual cool and rehydrate the body before the heat exhaustion develops into an even more serious condition known as heat stroke. If the person’s condition does not improve after taking these measures, or if she refuses liquids, has a change in consciousness or starts vomiting, you should call 9-1-1 as these are signs the condition is getting worse.

Submit

9. You are visiting with a friend when suddenly her toddler screams out in pain. After leaping to his aid, she discovers that he has been stung by a bee. While she tries to comfort him, she worries aloud that he might have a bad reaction. You ask if he is allergic to stings, but she says this is the first time he has ever had one. You can see that his cheek is a little red and irritated, but there is no noticeable swelling yet. Hoping to ease her fears, you explain what the six (6) indicators of a severe allergic reaction, known as anaphylaxis, would be. They include:

Rash or Hives

Headache

Weakness, dizziness, or confusion

Chills

Nausea or stomach cramps

Nosebleed

Trouble breathing, wheezing, or shortness of breath

Swelling of the face throat or tongue

Tight feeling in the chest or throat

These signs of anaphylaxis usually occur within seconds or minutes after contact with a substance. They can then progress quickly until the allergic person has a blocked airway, low blood pressure or goes into shock. Death may occur if the person is not treated. Those who are aware that they are prone to anaphylaxis may have an epinephrine auto-injector to combat the reaction.

Explanation

These signs of anaphylaxis usually occur within seconds or minutes after contact with a substance. They can then progress quickly until the allergic person has a blocked airway, low blood pressure or goes into shock. Death may occur if the person is not treated. Those who are aware that they are prone to anaphylaxis may have an epinephrine auto-injector to combat the reaction.

Submit

10. You are training on the high school track when a fellow jogger takes a misstep and twists his knee. You go over to where he is lying on the ground, introduce yourself and ask if you can help. Given the considerable pain he is in, he gladly accepts. Your training has taught you that providing care for a muscle, bone or joint injury should start by following the mnemonic RICE. You also know that the R in RICE stands for Rest. This means you should have him lie down flat on his back and keep perfectly still.

Yes

No

Rest means having the man avoid any movements that cause pain by finding the most comfortable position that works for him, whether sitting, lying or something else.

Explanation

Rest means having the man avoid any movements that cause pain by finding the most comfortable position that works for him, whether sitting, lying or something else.

11. You offer to provide care to your son's friend. Aside from pain and some redness, you observe no other symptoms. Care should include which of the following? Check all that apply:

Apply a cold pack

Remove any visible stinger

Wash the site with soap and water

Cover the site

Call 911

All of these choices are appropriate care for a bee sting. As for calling 9-1-1, you should do so immediately only if the person has trouble breathing, complains that his throat is tightening, is prone to severe allergic reactions or becomes unconscious. Otherwise, you do not need to call 9-1-1 for a minor allergic reaction.

Explanation

All of these choices are appropriate care for a bee sting. As for calling 9-1-1, you should do so immediately only if the person has trouble breathing, complains that his throat is tightening, is prone to severe allergic reactions or becomes unconscious. Otherwise, you do not need to call 9-1-1 for a minor allergic reaction.

Submit