Eent Quiz: Week One
Everything from the week one ophthamology powerpoint!
Questions and Answers
- 1.
Which of the following layers (tunics) of the eye is tough and fibrous and consists of the sclera and cornea?
- A.
External layer
- B.
Internal layer
- C.
Middle layer
- D.
Anterior layer
- E.
Posterior layer
Correct Answer
A. External layerExplanation
The correct answer is the external layer. The external layer of the eye is tough and fibrous, and it consists of the sclera and cornea. The sclera is the white part of the eye that provides structural support and protection, while the cornea is the clear, dome-shaped front surface of the eye that helps to focus light. Together, the sclera and cornea make up the external layer of the eye.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Which of the following layers (tunics) of the eye is the nerve tissue layer and makes up the retina?
- A.
External layer
- B.
Internal layer
- C.
Middle layer
- D.
Anterior layer
- E.
Posterior layer
Correct Answer
B. Internal layerExplanation
The correct answer is the internal layer. The internal layer of the eye is also known as the retina, which is responsible for receiving light and converting it into electrical signals that can be interpreted by the brain. It contains nerve cells called photoreceptors, which are essential for vision. The other layers mentioned in the options, such as the external layer, middle layer, anterior layer, and posterior layer, do not specifically refer to the nerve tissue layer of the eye.Rate this question:
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- 3.
What portion of the eye is the opaque, white portion of the globe?
- A.
Cornea
- B.
Retina
- C.
Sclera
- D.
Conjunctiva
- E.
Bulbar
Correct Answer
C. ScleraExplanation
The opaque, white portion of the globe is called the sclera. The sclera is the tough, fibrous outer layer of the eye that covers the entire eyeball except for the cornea. It provides protection and support to the eye and helps maintain its shape. The sclera is easily visible as the white part of the eye and is important for maintaining the structural integrity of the eye.Rate this question:
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- 4.
The Canal of Schlemm drains fluid from what chamber in the eye?
- A.
Vitreous chamber
- B.
Aqueous chamber
- C.
Posterior chamber
- D.
Anterior chamber
- E.
Schlemm chamber?
Correct Answer
D. Anterior chamberExplanation
The Canal of Schlemm drains fluid from the anterior chamber in the eye. The anterior chamber is located between the cornea and the iris. It is filled with aqueous humor, a clear fluid that nourishes the cornea and lens. The Canal of Schlemm is responsible for draining this fluid to maintain proper intraocular pressure. If the drainage is blocked or inadequate, it can lead to an increase in intraocular pressure, which can cause glaucoma.Rate this question:
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- 5.
What is the process of changing the curvature of the lens to permit focus adjustments for far or near objects? (***Hint, we cannot actually see this process happening)
- A.
Lens adjusment
- B.
Convergence
- C.
Accommodation
- D.
Ciliary reaction
- E.
Corneal curving
Correct Answer
C. AccommodationExplanation
Accommodation refers to the process of changing the curvature of the lens in order to adjust the focus for objects that are either near or far. This allows the eye to maintain clear vision at different distances. The lens becomes more rounded to focus on near objects and flatter to focus on distant objects. This adjustment is controlled by the ciliary muscles in the eye.Rate this question:
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- 6.
What body, made up of three bundles of smooth muscle, is responsible for contracting and relaxing to change the shape of the lens?
- A.
Ciliary body
- B.
Lacrimal body
- C.
Limbus
- D.
Punctum
- E.
Lens changer
Correct Answer
A. Ciliary bodyExplanation
The ciliary body is responsible for contracting and relaxing to change the shape of the lens. It consists of three bundles of smooth muscle that control the tension on the suspensory ligaments attached to the lens. When the ciliary body contracts, it loosens the tension on the ligaments, allowing the lens to become more rounded for near vision. When it relaxes, the tension on the ligaments increases, flattening the lens for distance vision.Rate this question:
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- 7.
When the eye is at rest or focused on DISTANT objects, the lens is stretched _______. To focus on NEAR objects, the ciliary muscles contract and the lens becomes ________ to keep the object in focus.
- A.
Horizontally, thicker
- B.
Thin, thicker
- C.
Vertically, thicker
- D.
Thicker, thinner
- E.
All which way, hookah
Correct Answer
B. Thin, thickerExplanation
When the eye is at rest or focused on DISTANT objects, the lens is stretched thin. This allows the eye to have a wider focal point and see the distant objects clearly. To focus on NEAR objects, the ciliary muscles contract and the lens becomes thicker. This increases the refractive power of the lens, allowing the eye to focus on close objects.Rate this question:
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- 8.
The iris consists of pigment to prevent the passage of light except through the __________.
- A.
Macula
- B.
Fundus
- C.
Optic disc
- D.
Retina
- E.
Pupil
Correct Answer
E. PupilExplanation
The iris is responsible for controlling the size of the pupil, which is the opening in the center of the iris. The iris contains pigment that helps regulate the amount of light entering the eye by constricting or dilating the pupil. The other options listed in the question (macula, fundus, optic disc, retina) are all parts of the eye but do not directly relate to the passage of light. Therefore, the correct answer is pupil.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Where does the optic nerve enter the eyeball?
- A.
Through the macula
- B.
Through the retina
- C.
Through the optic disc
- D.
Through the fovea
- E.
Through the fundus
Correct Answer
C. Through the optic discExplanation
The optic nerve enters the eyeball through the optic disc. The optic disc, also known as the blind spot, is the area on the retina where the optic nerve exits the eye and connects to the brain. It contains no photoreceptor cells, which is why it is called the blind spot.Rate this question:
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- 10.
What space is between the cornea, iris, and lens and contains the protein-rich aqueous humor that nourishes the lens?
- A.
Pupillary chamber
- B.
Anterior chamber
- C.
Posterior chamber
- D.
Retinal chamber
- E.
Inferior chamber
Correct Answer
B. Anterior chamberExplanation
The space between the cornea, iris, and lens that contains the protein-rich aqueous humor is called the anterior chamber. This chamber is located at the front of the eye and is responsible for providing nourishment to the lens.Rate this question:
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- 11.
What space is behind the lens, surrounded by the retina, and contains the gelatinous substance called the vitreous humor?
- A.
Posterior chamber
- B.
Anterior chamber
- C.
Inferior chamber
- D.
Vitreous body
- E.
Canal of Schlemm
Correct Answer
A. Posterior chamberExplanation
The space behind the lens, surrounded by the retina, and containing the gelatinous substance called the vitreous humor is known as the posterior chamber.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Which photo sensitive cells are utilized in low levels of light and are responsible for night vision and peripheral vision?
- A.
Rods
- B.
Cones
- C.
Rhodopsin
- D.
Clowns
Correct Answer
A. RodsExplanation
Rods are the photo sensitive cells that are utilized in low levels of light and are responsible for night vision and peripheral vision. Unlike cones, which are responsible for color vision and work best in bright light, rods are more sensitive to light and allow us to see in dimly lit environments. They are concentrated in the outer regions of the retina and are responsible for our ability to see objects in our peripheral vision. Rhodopsin, a pigment found in rods, plays a crucial role in their function by absorbing light and initiating the process of visual perception.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Which photo sensitive cells permit better visual acuity and permit color vision?
- A.
Rods
- B.
Cones
- C.
Rhodopsin
- D.
Clowns
Correct Answer
B. ConesExplanation
Cones are the photo sensitive cells that permit better visual acuity and color vision. Unlike rods, which are more sensitive to light and are responsible for vision in low light conditions, cones are responsible for color vision and high visual acuity. They are concentrated in the central part of the retina, called the fovea, which is responsible for sharp and detailed vision. Cones are also responsible for distinguishing different colors and are more active in well-lit conditions.Rate this question:
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- 14.
What is another name for the outer corner of the eye?
- A.
Lacrimal corner
- B.
Medial canthus
- C.
Palpebral margin
- D.
Lateral canthus
- E.
Nasal canthus
Correct Answer
D. Lateral canthusExplanation
The correct answer is "Lateral canthus." The lateral canthus refers to the outer corner of the eye where the upper and lower eyelids meet. It is also known as the outer canthus or the temporal canthus.Rate this question:
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- 15.
What is another name for the inner corner of the eye?
- A.
Medial canthus
- B.
Palpebral margin
- C.
Lateral canthus
- D.
Lacrimal corner
- E.
Nasal margin
Correct Answer
A. Medial canthusExplanation
The correct answer is Medial canthus. The medial canthus refers to the inner corner of the eye where the upper and lower eyelids meet. It is also known as the inner canthus or the lacrimal corner. This area is important for tear drainage and is where the lacrimal punctum is located.Rate this question:
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- 16.
What is the correct term for the outer edge of the iris, where the cornea stops?
- A.
Fovea
- B.
Retina
- C.
Limbus
- D.
Sclera
- E.
Macula
Correct Answer
C. LimbusExplanation
The correct term for the outer edge of the iris, where the cornea stops, is the limbus. The limbus is the border between the cornea and the sclera, and it marks the transition between the clear front surface of the eye (cornea) and the white outer layer of the eye (sclera). It is an important anatomical landmark in ophthalmology and is often used as a reference point during eye examinations and surgeries.Rate this question:
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- 17.
What is the opening between the eyelids called?
- A.
Bulbar opening
- B.
Palpebral fissure
- C.
Palpebral margin
- D.
Bulbar slit
- E.
Palpebral opening
Correct Answer
B. Palpebral fissureExplanation
The correct answer is "Palpebral fissure." The opening between the eyelids is called the palpebral fissure. This term specifically refers to the space between the upper and lower eyelids when they are open. It is an anatomical feature that allows light to enter the eye and plays a role in vision. The other options mentioned in the question are incorrect and do not accurately describe the opening between the eyelids.Rate this question:
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- 18.
The __________ conjunctiva covers the inner aspect of the lid, and the ___________ conjunctiva covers the sclera over the globe.
- A.
Posterior, anterior
- B.
Bulbar, palpebral
- C.
Palpebral, bulbar
- D.
Palpebral, scleral
- E.
Bulbar, scleral
Correct Answer
C. Palpebral, bulbarExplanation
The palpebral conjunctiva covers the inner aspect of the lid, while the bulbar conjunctiva covers the sclera over the globe.Rate this question:
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- 19.
What is another name for the site of central vision and color perception that lies lateral to the optic disc and is the spot where there is the highest visual acuity? (***Hint, it has two names, so there are two answers)
- A.
Macula
- B.
Retina
- C.
Fovea
- D.
Limbus
- E.
Fundus
Correct Answer(s)
A. Macula
C. FoveaExplanation
The site of central vision and color perception that lies lateral to the optic disc and has the highest visual acuity is known as the macula and the fovea. The macula refers to the small, specialized area in the center of the retina, while the fovea is the central pit within the macula where cone cells are densely packed, allowing for sharp and detailed vision.Rate this question:
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- 20.
TRUE OR FALSE?? During accommodation, the pupils constrict as the curvature of the lens is changed to adjust from a distant object to a near object.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
During accommodation, the ciliary muscles contract, causing the curvature of the lens to change. This adjustment allows the eyes to focus on near objects. As a result of this change in lens shape, the pupils constrict to control the amount of light entering the eye and ensure a clear image is formed on the retina. Therefore, the statement "During accommodation, the pupils constrict as the curvature of the lens is changed to adjust from a distant object to a near object" is true.Rate this question:
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- 21.
What is it called when the eyes slightly come together to adjust focus from far to near?
- A.
Accommodation
- B.
Convergence
- C.
Cross-eyed
- D.
Confrontation
- E.
Peripheral vision
Correct Answer
B. ConvergenceExplanation
Convergence is the correct answer because it refers to the movement of the eyes inward, towards each other, in order to focus on an object that is closer to us. This adjustment in eye alignment allows us to maintain a single, clear image as we shift our focus from a distant object to a near one.Rate this question:
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- 22.
What is another name for excessive tearing of the eyes?
- A.
Epiphora
- B.
Keratitis
- C.
Arcus senilis
- D.
Esotropia
- E.
Chemosis
Correct Answer
A. EpiphoraExplanation
Epiphora is another name for excessive tearing of the eyes. It is a condition where tears overflow onto the face instead of draining through the tear ducts. This can be caused by various factors such as allergies, eye infections, blocked tear ducts, or underlying eye conditions. Epiphora can result in watery and irritated eyes, blurred vision, and discomfort. Treatment options depend on the underlying cause and may include medications, tear duct probing, or surgery to address any blockages.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Which of the following best describes keratitis?
- A.
Inflammation in the anterior chamber
- B.
Inflammation of the bulbar portion of the eye
- C.
Inflammation of the iris
- D.
Inflammation of the cornea
- E.
Inflammation in the posterior chamber
Correct Answer
D. Inflammation of the corneaExplanation
Keratitis is the inflammation of the cornea, the transparent front part of the eye that covers the iris and pupil. It can be caused by various factors such as infection, injury, or underlying medical conditions. Symptoms of keratitis include eye redness, pain, blurred vision, sensitivity to light, and excessive tearing. Prompt treatment is necessary to prevent complications and preserve vision.Rate this question:
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- 24.
What is the term used to describe a manifest lack of parallelism of the visual axis of the eys, resulting in the absence of binocular fixation (crossed-eyed).
- A.
Strabismus
- B.
Amblyopia
- C.
Lazy eye
- D.
Exotropia
- E.
Esotropia
Correct Answer
A. StrabismusExplanation
Strabismus is the term used to describe a manifest lack of parallelism of the visual axis of the eyes, resulting in the absence of binocular fixation (crossed-eyed). It is a condition where the eyes are misaligned and do not work together to focus on an object. This can lead to problems with depth perception and can cause the eyes to appear crossed or misaligned. Strabismus can be caused by muscle imbalance or neurological issues and may require treatment such as glasses, eye exercises, or surgery.Rate this question:
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- 25.
What is another term for a "lazy eye?"
- A.
Biplopia
- B.
Diplopia
- C.
Amblyopia
- D.
Strabismus
- E.
Esotropia
Correct Answer
C. AmblyopiaExplanation
Amblyopia is another term for a "lazy eye." It is a vision disorder where one eye is weaker than the other, causing reduced vision in that eye. This condition usually occurs during childhood and can be caused by factors such as strabismus (eye misalignment) or a significant difference in refractive error between the two eyes. Amblyopia can be treated with corrective measures such as wearing an eye patch or using eye drops to blur the vision in the stronger eye, forcing the weaker eye to work harder and improve its vision.Rate this question:
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- 26.
TRUE OR FALSE??? During the cover-uncover test, the eye with the defect will shift positions when it is uncovered
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
During the cover-uncover test, the eye with the defect will shift positions when it is uncovered. This is because the test is used to detect a misalignment in the eyes, such as strabismus. When one eye is covered, the brain compensates for the misalignment by adjusting the position of the uncovered eye. As a result, when the covered eye is uncovered, the brain readjusts the position of the eyes, causing the eye with the defect to shift positions. Therefore, the statement is true.Rate this question:
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- 27.
In ___________, the eye that was covered during the cover-uncover test turns IN to fixate when it is uncovered (returns to the midline from the lateral side).
- A.
Exotropia
- B.
Esotropia
- C.
Strabismus
- D.
Amblyopia
- E.
Lazy eye
Correct Answer
A. ExotropiaExplanation
Exotropia is a type of strabismus where the eye turns outward. In the cover-uncover test, the eye that is covered will turn in towards the midline when it is uncovered. This is because the uncovered eye is trying to fixate on the target, causing it to return to the midline from the lateral side. Therefore, the correct answer is Exotropia.Rate this question:
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- 28.
In ___________, the eye that was covered during the cover-uncover test turns OUT to fixate when it is uncovered (returns to the midline from the medial side).
- A.
Lazy eye
- B.
Exotropia
- C.
Esotropia
- D.
Amblyopia
- E.
Strabismus
Correct Answer
C. EsotropiaExplanation
Esotropia is a condition characterized by inward deviation of one or both eyes. In the cover-uncover test, one eye is covered and then uncovered to observe its movement. In the case of esotropia, the eye that was covered turns out to fixate, meaning it moves outward towards the midline when it is uncovered. This is in contrast to exotropia, where the uncovered eye moves inward towards the midline. Amblyopia, also known as lazy eye, is a separate condition that can occur alongside esotropia or other forms of strabismus.Rate this question:
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- 29.
What is the range of normal intraocular pressure?
- A.
1-7 mmHg
- B.
1-15 mmHg
- C.
10-24 mmHg
- D.
14-35 mmHg
- E.
25-40 mmHg
Correct Answer
C. 10-24 mmHgExplanation
The range of normal intraocular pressure is typically between 10-24 mmHg. Intraocular pressure refers to the fluid pressure inside the eye, and it is important to maintain this pressure within a certain range for optimal eye health. If the pressure is too low or too high, it can indicate various eye conditions such as glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Regular eye exams are necessary to monitor intraocular pressure and detect any abnormalities.Rate this question:
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- 30.
Which of the following terms describes a flat, slightly raised, irregularly shaped, yellow tinted lesion on the periorbital tissues that represents depositions of lipids?
- A.
Hyperlipidemia
- B.
Xanthoma
- C.
Xanthelasma
- D.
Arcus senilis
- E.
Fatty eye
Correct Answer
C. XanthelasmaExplanation
Xanthelasma is the correct answer because it accurately describes a flat, slightly raised, irregularly shaped, yellow tinted lesion on the periorbital tissues that represents depositions of lipids. Xanthelasma is commonly associated with hyperlipidemia, but hyperlipidemia itself refers to high levels of lipids in the blood and does not specifically describe the physical characteristics of the lesion. Arcus senilis refers to a white or gray ring around the cornea, and "Fatty eye" is not a recognized medical term for this condition.Rate this question:
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- 31.
What term correctly describes swelling of the bulbar conjunctiva, which forms a swelling around the cornea?
- A.
Chemosis
- B.
Keratosis
- C.
Xantheloma
- D.
Bulbar conjunctivitis
- E.
Keratitis
Correct Answer
A. ChemosisExplanation
Chemosis is the correct term to describe swelling of the bulbar conjunctiva, which forms a swelling around the cornea. Chemosis is characterized by the accumulation of fluid in the conjunctiva, leading to the swelling and puffiness of the tissue. It can be caused by various factors such as allergies, infections, or trauma.Rate this question:
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- 32.
OD, OS, and OU abbreviations correspond to which of the following terms respectively?
- A.
Both, right, left
- B.
Both, left, right
- C.
Left, right, both
- D.
Right, left, both
- E.
Left, both, right
Correct Answer
D. Right, left, bothExplanation
OD, OS, and OU are abbreviations used in the field of optometry and ophthalmology to indicate the eyes. OD stands for "oculus dexter," which means right eye in Latin. OS stands for "oculus sinister," which means left eye in Latin. OU stands for "oculus uterque," which means both eyes in Latin. Therefore, the correct answer is "right, left, both."Rate this question:
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- 33.
Which of the symptoms of ocular disease is the most common?
- A.
Itching/scratching
- B.
Redness
- C.
Diplopia
- D.
Floaters
- E.
Photophobia
Correct Answer
B. RednessExplanation
Redness is the most common symptom of ocular disease because it can be caused by a variety of conditions such as conjunctivitis, dry eye, allergies, or eye infections. When the blood vessels in the eye become inflamed or irritated, it leads to redness. This symptom is often accompanied by other symptoms like itching, burning, or discharge. Redness is easily noticeable and can be a sign of both minor and more serious eye conditions, making it a common complaint among patients with ocular disease.Rate this question:
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- 34.
"Foreign body sensation" is correctly described as being due to...
- A.
Trauma, infection, inflammation, or sudden increase in intraocular pressure.
- B.
Corneal or conjunctival foreign bodies, disturbances of the corneal epithelium, and rubbing of the eyelashes against the cornea (trichiasis).
- C.
Corneal inflammation, iritis, or fever associated with various systemic infections.
- D.
Allergic eye disease
- E.
Hyperemia of the conjunctival, episcleral, or ciliary vessels; erythema of the eyelids, or subconjunctival hemorrhage.
Correct Answer
B. Corneal or conjunctival foreign bodies, disturbances of the corneal epithelium, and rubbing of the eyelashes against the cornea (trichiasis).Explanation
"Foreign body sensation" refers to the feeling of having something in the eye, which can be caused by corneal or conjunctival foreign bodies, disturbances of the corneal epithelium, and rubbing of the eyelashes against the cornea (trichiasis). These conditions can lead to irritation and discomfort in the eye, giving the sensation of a foreign object being present.Rate this question:
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- 35.
Redness is correctly described as being due to...
- A.
Trauma, infection, inflammation, or sudden increase in intraocular pressure.
- B.
Corneal or conjunctival foreign bodies, disturbances of the corneal epithelium, and rubbing of the eyelashes against the cornea (trichiasis).
- C.
Corneal inflammation, iritis, or fever associated with various systemic infections.
- D.
Allergic eye disease
- E.
Hyperemia of the conjunctival, episcleral, or ciliary vessels; erythema of the eyelids, or subconjunctival hemorrhage.
Correct Answer
E. Hyperemia of the conjunctival, episcleral, or ciliary vessels; erythema of the eyelids, or subconjunctival hemorrhage.Explanation
Redness in the eye can be caused by hyperemia of the conjunctival, episcleral, or ciliary vessels, which refers to an increased blood flow to these areas. This increased blood flow can result from various factors such as inflammation, infection, or an increase in intraocular pressure. Additionally, redness can also be accompanied by erythema of the eyelids or subconjunctival hemorrhage, which further contribute to the appearance of redness in the eye.Rate this question:
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- 36.
Ocular pain may be caused by...
- A.
Trauma, infection, inflammation, or sudden increase in intraocular pressure.
- B.
Corneal or conjunctival foreign bodies, disturbances of the corneal epithelium, and rubbing of the eyelashes against the cornea (trichiasis).
- C.
Corneal inflammation, iritis, or fever associated with various systemic infections.
- D.
Allergic eye disease
- E.
Hyperemia of the conjunctival, episcleral, or ciliary vessels; erythema of the eyelids, or subconjunctival hemorrhage.
Correct Answer
A. Trauma, infection, inflammation, or sudden increase in intraocular pressure.Explanation
Ocular pain can be caused by various factors such as trauma, infection, inflammation, or sudden increase in intraocular pressure. These conditions can lead to discomfort and pain in the eye. Additionally, corneal or conjunctival foreign bodies, disturbances of the corneal epithelium, and rubbing of the eyelashes against the cornea (trichiasis) can also cause ocular pain. Furthermore, corneal inflammation, iritis, or fever associated with systemic infections can contribute to ocular pain. Allergic eye disease can also be a cause of ocular pain. Lastly, hyperemia of the conjunctival, episcleral, or ciliary vessels; erythema of the eyelids, or subconjunctival hemorrhage can result in ocular pain.Rate this question:
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- 37.
Photophobia is described as eye pain or sensitivity to light that is commonly due to...
- A.
Trauma, infection, inflammation, or sudden increase in intraocular pressure.
- B.
Corneal or conjunctival foreign bodies, disturbances of the corneal epithelium, and rubbing of the eyelashes against the cornea (trichiasis).
- C.
Corneal inflammation, iritis, or fever associated with various systemic infections.
- D.
Allergic eye disease
- E.
Hyperemia of the conjunctival, episcleral, or ciliary vessels; erythema of the eyelids, or subconjunctival hemorrhage.
Correct Answer
C. Corneal inflammation, iritis, or fever associated with various systemic infections.Explanation
Photophobia, or eye pain or sensitivity to light, can be caused by corneal inflammation, iritis, or fever associated with various systemic infections. These conditions can lead to increased sensitivity in the eyes, making them more sensitive to light. Other potential causes of photophobia mentioned in the options include trauma, infection, inflammation, or sudden increase in intraocular pressure; corneal or conjunctival foreign bodies, disturbances of the corneal epithelium, and rubbing of the eyelashes against the cornea; allergic eye disease; and hyperemia of the conjunctival, episcleral, or ciliary vessels; erythema of the eyelids, or subconjunctival hemorrhage. However, the correct answer specifically highlights corneal inflammation, iritis, or fever associated with systemic infections as the most likely cause of photophobia.Rate this question:
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- 38.
Itching is characteristically associated with...
- A.
Trauma, infection, inflammation, or sudden increase in intraocular pressure.
- B.
Corneal or conjunctival foreign bodies, disturbances of the corneal epithelium, and rubbing of the eyelashes against the cornea (trichiasis).
- C.
Corneal inflammation, iritis, or fever associated with various systemic infections.
- D.
Allergic eye disease
- E.
Hyperemia of the conjunctival, episcleral, or ciliary vessels; erythema of the eyelids, or subconjunctival hemorrhage.
Correct Answer
D. Allergic eye diseaseExplanation
Itching is characteristically associated with allergic eye disease. Allergic eye disease refers to conditions such as allergic conjunctivitis, which can cause itching, redness, and swelling of the eyes. It is often triggered by allergens such as pollen, pet dander, or dust mites. This immune response causes the release of histamine, leading to itching and other symptoms. Other options mentioned in the question, such as trauma, infection, inflammation, or increase in intraocular pressure, may cause different symptoms but are not specifically associated with itching.Rate this question:
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- 39.
Which of the following is NOT a reason for a deficiency of tear film components leading to dry eyes?
- A.
Dry environment
- B.
Local ocular disease
- C.
Systemic disorders
- D.
Excessive tearing
- E.
Atropine-like drugs
Correct Answer
D. Excessive tearingExplanation
Excessive tearing is not a reason for a deficiency of tear film components leading to dry eyes. Excessive tearing, also known as epiphora, is the opposite of dry eyes. It occurs when there is an overproduction of tears, leading to an overflow of tears onto the face. Dry eyes, on the other hand, occur when there is a lack of tear film components, causing the eyes to become dry, itchy, and irritated. Therefore, excessive tearing cannot be a reason for dry eyes.Rate this question:
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- 40.
Which of the following best describes the cause of reflex tearing in the eye?
- A.
Corneal reflex
- B.
Scratching the eye
- C.
Touching the sclera
- D.
Any disturbance of the corneal epithelium
- E.
Straining the eyes
Correct Answer
D. Any disturbance of the corneal epitheliumExplanation
Any disturbance of the corneal epithelium can cause reflex tearing in the eye. The corneal epithelium is the outermost layer of the cornea, and it plays a crucial role in protecting the eye from external factors. When the corneal epithelium is disturbed, whether it is due to injury, foreign objects, or irritants, the body's natural response is to produce tears. These tears help to flush out the irritants and protect the eye from further damage. Therefore, any disturbance of the corneal epithelium triggers reflex tearing in the eye.Rate this question:
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- 41.
What type of discharge usually indicates a bacterial infection of the conjunctiva, cornea, or lacrimal sac?
- A.
Purulent discharge
- B.
Watery discharge
- C.
Tearing, ropy discharge
- D.
Sticky discharge
- E.
Purple discharge
Correct Answer
A. Purulent dischargeExplanation
Purulent discharge usually indicates a bacterial infection of the conjunctiva, cornea, or lacrimal sac. This type of discharge is thick, yellow or green in color, and often accompanied by redness and swelling. It is a result of the body's immune response to the infection, which leads to the production of pus.Rate this question:
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- 42.
Which type of discharge is usually indicative of viral conjunctivitis or keratitis?
- A.
Purulent discharge
- B.
Watery discharge
- C.
Tearing, ropy discharge
- D.
Sticky discharge
- E.
Neon-colored discharge
Correct Answer
B. Watery dischargeExplanation
A watery discharge is usually indicative of viral conjunctivitis or keratitis because viruses tend to cause inflammation and irritation in the eye, leading to increased tear production. This excess tear production results in a watery discharge. Purulent discharge, on the other hand, is typically associated with bacterial infections, while tearing, ropy discharge may indicate allergic conjunctivitis. Sticky discharge can be a sign of dry eyes or blepharitis. Neon-colored discharge is not a typical symptom of any specific eye condition.Rate this question:
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- 43.
Which of the following types of discharge is usually a result of allergic conjunctivitis?
- A.
Purulent discharge
- B.
Watery discharge
- C.
Tearing, ropy discharge
- D.
Sticky discharge
- E.
Bloody discharge
Correct Answer
C. Tearing, ropy dischargeExplanation
Tearing, ropy discharge is usually a result of allergic conjunctivitis because it is a common symptom of this condition. Allergic conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the conjunctiva (the clear layer of tissue that covers the white part of the eye and the inner surface of the eyelids) caused by an allergic reaction. This type of discharge is typically thin and stringy, and may be accompanied by itching, redness, and swelling of the eyes. It is different from other types of discharge such as purulent discharge (thick and yellowish), watery discharge, sticky discharge, or bloody discharge, which may be indicative of other eye conditions or infections.Rate this question:
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- 44.
__________ is usually due to inadequate tear drainage through obstruction of the lacrimal drainage system or malposition of the lower lid.
- A.
Pus overflow
- B.
Flooding
- C.
Blurred vision
- D.
Burning
- E.
Watering
Correct Answer
E. WateringExplanation
Watering of the eyes is usually due to inadequate tear drainage through obstruction of the lacrimal drainage system or malposition of the lower lid. This means that tears are not able to drain properly from the eyes, leading to an overflow of tears and causing the eyes to water excessively. This can be caused by various factors such as blockage or narrowing of the tear ducts, inflammation or infection of the tear ducts, or abnormal positioning of the eyelids.Rate this question:
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- 45.
What is another word for the physiologic loss of accommodation in the eyes due to advancing age?
- A.
Old eyes
- B.
Diplopia
- C.
Presbyopia
- D.
Myopia
- E.
Anaopia
Correct Answer
C. PresbyopiaExplanation
Presbyopia is the correct answer because it refers to the natural loss of ability to focus on close objects that occurs as a person ages. This condition is caused by the hardening of the lens in the eye, leading to difficulty in seeing objects up close. "Old eyes" is not a specific term used to describe this condition, "Diplopia" refers to double vision, "Myopia" refers to nearsightedness, and "Anaopia" is not a recognized term related to this topic.Rate this question:
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- 46.
"Legal blindness" is defined as visual acuity for distant vision of __ /__ or less in the better eye WITH the best correction.
- A.
20/80
- B.
20/100
- C.
20/140
- D.
20/200
- E.
20/400
Correct Answer
D. 20/200Explanation
Legal blindness is defined as having a visual acuity for distant vision of 20/200 or less in the better eye with the best correction. This means that a person with legal blindness can see at 20 feet what a person with normal vision can see at 200 feet. This level of visual impairment is considered severe and can significantly impact a person's daily activities and ability to function independently.Rate this question:
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- 47.
Diplopia (double vision), is typically the result of what?
- A.
Intraocular muscle imbalance
- B.
Extraocular muscle imbalance
- C.
Vestibular imbalance
- D.
Drinking too many adult beverages
- E.
Nerve misfiring to the ciliary bodies
Correct Answer
B. Extraocular muscle imbalanceExplanation
Diplopia, or double vision, is typically caused by extraocular muscle imbalance. The extraocular muscles control the movement of the eyes, and when these muscles are imbalanced, the eyes are unable to coordinate properly, resulting in double vision. This can occur due to various reasons, such as muscle weakness or paralysis, nerve damage, or certain medical conditions. Vestibular imbalance, intraocular muscle imbalance, and nerve misfiring to the ciliary bodies are not typically associated with diplopia. Drinking too many adult beverages may cause temporary blurred vision, but it is not a common cause of diplopia.Rate this question:
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- 48.
What is the correct term for spots before the eyes that are often caused by benign vitreous opacities, but can also be caused by more serious conditions such as posterior retinal detachment, vitreous hemorrhage, or posterior uveitis?
- A.
Floaters
- B.
Flyers
- C.
Flashers
- D.
Flickers
- E.
Fibbers
Correct Answer
A. FloatersExplanation
Floaters are the correct term for spots before the eyes that are often caused by benign vitreous opacities. However, they can also be caused by more serious conditions such as posterior retinal detachment, vitreous hemorrhage, or posterior uveitis.Rate this question:
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- 49.
Visual acuity in each eye is most commonly tested with what instrument?
- A.
Snellen chart
- B.
Tumbling E chart
- C.
Rosenbaum chart
- D.
All of the above
- E.
None of the above
Correct Answer
D. All of the aboveExplanation
The correct answer is "All of the above". Visual acuity in each eye is commonly tested using different charts, such as the Snellen chart, Tumbling E chart, and Rosenbaum chart. These charts have different symbols or letters of varying sizes that the individual is asked to identify. By using multiple charts, it helps to ensure accurate and comprehensive testing of visual acuity in each eye.Rate this question:
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- 50.
Visual acuity is expressed as two numbers (ie: 20/20). What are the correct descriptions of the two numbers respectively?
- A.
The first number is the distance at which a normal eye can read the line of letters, and the second number is the distance the patient is from the chart.
- B.
The first number is the distance the patient is from the chart, and the second number is the distance at which a normal eye can read the line of letters.
- C.
The first number is the size of the print and the second number is the distance a normal eye could read half the line of letters.
- D.
The first number is the distance the patient is from the chart, and the second number is the number of times it takes for the patient to get all the letters correct.
Correct Answer
B. The first number is the distance the patient is from the chart, and the second number is the distance at which a normal eye can read the line of letters.Explanation
The correct answer is that the first number is the distance the patient is from the chart, and the second number is the distance at which a normal eye can read the line of letters. This means that the first number represents the distance between the patient and the eye chart, while the second number represents the distance at which a person with normal vision can read the line of letters on the chart. This measurement is used to determine the clarity of a person's vision.Rate this question:
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Week 3 (First Party time frames, Insured appraisals, Towing/Roadside) - February
Week 3 (First Party time frames, Insured appraisals, Towing/Roadside) - February
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