DNA, RNA, & Protein Synthesis Test B
Welcome to the 21st Century electronic biology classroom. Using flashcards "DNA, RNA, & protein synthesis" found on Mitchell's Cosmic Adventure science web site. You will need to interpret important research leading to the current knowledge of molecular genetics. Analyze the process of DNA replication, transcription, and translation. The test will allow unlimited number of attempts to improve your learning and TEST-TAKING skills. GOOD LUCK and I wish you earn high marks!
- 1._____ is a gram negative, rod-shaped bacterium present in the intestinal tract of animals, soil and water. It was the first organism used for cloning and propagating genes of other species.
- A.
Escherischia coli
- B.
Abiotrophica defective
- C.
Escherischia rhusiophiae
- D.
Klebsiella pneumoniae
- 2.Which research team used a protease enzyme to destroy proteins, RNase to destroy RNA and DNase to destroy DNA.
- A.
Avery
- B.
Chase
- C.
Crick
- D.
Watson
- E.
Hershey
- 3.Crick and Watson determined that DNA molecules have the shape of a double_____. (Please enter answer in lower case.)
- 4.Due to the strict pairing of nitrogenous bases in DNA molecules, the two strand are said to be _____ to each other. (Please enter answer in all lower case.)
- 5.The transfer of genetic material from one cell to another, which Frederick Griffith studied, is called_____.
- A.
Transduction
- B.
Transformation
- C.
Transportation
- D.
Recombination
- E.
Genetic transfer
- 6.The human genome contains 23 chromosomes, 3.2 billion base pairs, and 200,000 genes.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 7.According to base-pairing for DNA, adenine pairs with ______ and guanine pairs with _____.
- A.
Adenine ; guanine
- B.
Thymine ; cytosine
- C.
Cytosine ; uracil
- D.
Thymine ; adenine
- 8.Which of the following is the series of amino acids encoded by the piece of mRNA shown below? CUC-AAG-UGC-UUC
- A.
Ser - Tyr - Arg - Gly
- B.
Val - Asp - pro - His
- C.
Leu - Lys - Cys - Phe
- D.
Pro - Glu - Leu - Val
- 9.Which of the following would represent the strand of DNA from which the mRNA strand was made? CUC AAG UGC UUC
- A.
CUC AAG UGC UUC
- B.
GAG UUC ACG AAG
- C.
GAG TTC ACG AAG
- D.
AGA CCT GTA GGA
- 10.DNA is replicated before_____.
- A.
Crossing-over
- B.
Cell division
- C.
Cell death
- D.
G1 phase
- E.
S phase
- 11.Which of the following happens last in replication?
- A.
Two new DNA molecules form.
- B.
Two original strands of DNA separate.
- C.
A replication fork forms.
- D.
DNA polymerase added nucleotides to each DNA strand
- 12.
The areas where DNA separates during replication are called a(n)_____.- A.
Helicases
- B.
Polymerases
- C.
Replication forks
- D.
Proofreaders
- 13.Replication forks tend to. . . .
- A.
Slow down replication process
- B.
Increase errors during replication
- C.
Speed up replication process
- D.
Be more plentiful in prokaryotic DNA
- E.
Be more plentiful in prokaryotic RNA
- 14.At the end of replication, each new DNA molecule is composed of. . .
- A.
Two new strands of RNA
- B.
Two new strands of DNA
- C.
Two original strands of DNA
- D.
Either two new or two original strands of DNA
- E.
A new and an original strand of DNA
- 15.Which of the following proofreads the new DNA molecule during replication?
- A.
DNA polymerases
- B.
RNA polymerases
- C.
Replication forks
- D.
DNA helicases
- E.
The original strand of DNA
- 16.
_____ was a British bacteriologists whose focus was the epidemiology and pathology of bacterial pneumonia.
- A.
Griffth, Frederick
- B.
Chase, Martha
- C.
Hershey, Alfred
- D.
Oswald, Avery
- E.
Crick, Francis
- 17._____ is also known as 5-methyluracil, a pyrimidine nucleobase.
- A.
Adenine
- B.
Thymine
- C.
Guanine
- D.
Cytosine
- 18.Any organism that is capable of causing disease or a toxic response in another organism is a(n)_____. (Please enter your answer in all lower case.)
- 19.Griffith discovered that a harmless strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae could be made virulent after being exposed to heat-killed virulent strains. What is the process known as______? (Please enter your enter answer in lower case.)
- 20.A virus that infects bacteria; viral genome is injected into a bacterium and controls the metabolism of the host is called a(n)_____.
- A.
Escherichia coli
- B.
Bacteriophage
- C.
Virus
- D.
Fungus
- 21._____ - _____ _____ in DNA, cytosine on one strand pairs with guanine on the opposite strand, and adenine pairs with thymine.
- A.
Base - pairing rules
- B.
Base - pairing procotol
- C.
Nitrogenous - molecule rules
- D.
DNA - RNA rules
- E.
RNA - DNA rules
- 22._____ _____ is the process by which DNA is copied in a cell before mitosis, meiosis, or binary fission. (Please make reference to the flashcards for this topic.)
- 23._____ _____ is a specific type of enzyme, that facilitates the joining of DNA strands together by catalyzing the formation of a phosphodiester bond. (Please observe your answers as indicated on your flashcards.)
- 24.Translation is the process through which various types of RNA molecules are at work. Please place a check-mark in the box for the molecules used during translation.
- A.
TRNA
- B.
TDNA
- C.
MRNA
- D.
MDNA
- E.
MRNA
- F.
RRNA
- G.
RDNA
- 25._____ is a large family of RNA molecules that convey genetic information from DNA to the ribosome.
- A.
MRNA
- B.
TRNA
- C.
RRNA
- D.
MitRNA
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