Child Psychology - Qp16

The explanation for the given correct answer is that the Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis suggests that when individuals experience frustration, it can lead to aggressive behavior. This theory proposes that aggression is a direct response to the frustration one feels when their goals are blocked or they are unable to achieve what they desire. Therefore, the statement that aggression is a reaction to frustration is supported by the Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis.

Freud believed that humans could rid themselves of aggressive impulses by means of catharsis. He proposed that by expressing and releasing repressed emotions and desires through therapy, individuals could achieve catharsis and alleviate their aggressive tendencies. Freud's psychoanalytic theory emphasized the importance of uncovering and resolving unconscious conflicts and desires to promote psychological healing and personal growth.

Aggression in higher animals is influenced by experience. This means that animals learn to be aggressive or to control their aggression based on their past encounters and interactions with other animals or their environment. Experience plays a crucial role in shaping an animal's behavior and their ability to respond to different situations. Through previous encounters, animals learn when to be aggressive, how to establish dominance, and how to defend themselves or their territory. Therefore, experience is a significant factor in influencing aggression in higher animals.

The given statement suggests that studies have demonstrated a correlation between punishment and a decrease in aggression. This implies that when individuals face punishment for their aggressive behavior, they are less likely to engage in such behavior in the future. Therefore, the answer "True" indicates that there is evidence supporting the notion that punishment can effectively reduce aggression.

Electrodes and the use of chemicals injected into the brain can both induce or prevent aggressive responses. Electrodes can be used to stimulate specific areas of the brain, either triggering aggression or inhibiting it. Similarly, the use of chemicals injected into the brain can alter neurotransmitter levels, either promoting or suppressing aggressive behavior. Both methods offer a means of manipulating the brain to influence aggression levels.

In Parker and Deur's experiment, the group that displayed the most aggression was the one that received no further reward for punching the clown. This suggests that when individuals do not receive any additional reinforcement or reward for their aggressive behavior, they may become more aggressive in an attempt to seek out the desired reward. The other groups received either intermittent reinforcement (marbles on half the trials) or consistent punishment (disturbing buzzer sound), which may have influenced their aggression levels differently.

"Low frustration tolerance" actually indicates a tendency to have a low threshold for tolerating frustrating events. It means that individuals with low frustration tolerance are easily overwhelmed or agitated by frustrating situations. Therefore, they are not oblivious to frustrating events, but rather have a heightened sensitivity to them.

The statement is incorrect. Aggression in higher animals is not automatically produced by electrical stimulation. Aggression is a complex behavior that is influenced by various factors such as genetics, hormones, social interactions, and environmental stimuli. Electrical stimulation may be used in research to study the neural mechanisms underlying aggression, but it does not automatically trigger aggression in animals.

Catharsis refers to the release of pent-up emotions or tension through a form of art or experience. Watching a violent movie can provide a cathartic experience as it allows individuals to vicariously experience and release their own aggression or negative emotions in a safe and controlled environment. This process of emotional release can be therapeutic and provide a sense of relief or purification.

Bandura's experiments showed that watching filmed models engaging in aggressive acts resulted in more aggressive responses of all kinds. This means that individuals who observed the aggressive behavior were more likely to display aggression themselves, regardless of the specific aggressive acts they witnessed. These findings highlight the influence of observational learning on aggressive behavior and suggest that exposure to aggressive models can lead to a general increase in aggression.