Chemistry Of Life - Quiz 3

Nucleotides are the basic units that make up DNA and RNA molecules. DNA and RNA are essential for storing and transmitting genetic information in all living organisms. While fats, sugars, starches, and carbohydrates are also important molecules in biological systems, they are not directly formed by the arrangement of nucleotides. Thus, the correct answer is DNA and RNA.

Carbohydrates are organic compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. They are an essential source of energy for the body. Sugars and starches are examples of carbohydrates as they are composed of simple sugar molecules or chains of sugar molecules respectively. Fats are not considered carbohydrates as they are composed of glycerol and fatty acids. Nucleic acids are also not carbohydrates as they are made up of nucleotide monomers.

Surface tension is the characteristic of water that enables insects to walk on top of it. Surface tension is the result of cohesive forces between water molecules, causing them to stick together and form a "skin" on the surface. This creates a strong surface that can support the weight of small insects, allowing them to walk on water without sinking.

Carbohydrates are the primary energy source for the body because they are easily broken down into glucose, which is used by cells to produce ATP, the energy currency of the body. Carbohydrates provide quick and readily available energy, making them essential for normal bodily functions and physical activity. Other macronutrients like fats and proteins can also be used for energy, but carbohydrates are the body's preferred and most efficient source.

Fats are considered a secondary energy source for the body. While carbohydrates are the primary source of energy, the body turns to fats when carbohydrate stores are depleted. Fats are broken down into fatty acids and used as fuel by the body, providing a longer-lasting and more sustained energy source compared to carbohydrates. This makes fats an important energy source during prolonged physical activity or when there is a lack of immediate carbohydrate availability.

Pitcher plants are most likely found in soil with a pH range of 4.5-5.5. This is because the pitcher plant requires soil that is very acidic and contains few nutrients. The low pH of the soil helps the pitcher plant to thrive and obtain the necessary nutrients from the organisms it consumes.

A nucleotide is a building block of DNA and RNA, consisting of a nitrogenous base, a sugar molecule, and a phosphate group. In the given diagram, option 4 is a nucleotide as it shows all three components - a nitrogenous base (represented by the letter "A"), a sugar molecule (represented by the pentagon shape), and a phosphate group (represented by the circle with a "P" inside it).

Based on the diagram provided, the sugar is located in position 2.