Biological Macromolecules Trivia Quiz!

Carbohydrates provide the majority of quick energy and also the largest percentage of an average human's energy. This is because carbohydrates are broken down into glucose, which is the primary source of fuel for the body. When consumed, carbohydrates are quickly converted into glucose, which can be used immediately for energy or stored in the muscles and liver as glycogen for later use. Additionally, carbohydrates are more easily and quickly metabolized compared to proteins and lipids, making them the preferred source of quick energy.

The correct answer is "The proteins were denatured." Denaturation refers to the process in which the structure of a protein is altered, usually due to extreme heat or other harsh conditions. This can result in the loss of the protein's functional properties, such as its ability to be detected in a protein test. In this case, the extreme heat exposure likely caused the proteins in the supplement to denature, leading to a negative result in the protein test.

Cellular respiration is the process by which cells convert the chemical energy stored in food molecules into ATP, which is the main source of energy for cellular activities. This process occurs in the mitochondria of cells and involves a series of biochemical reactions, including glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. Through these reactions, the energy stored in glucose and other food molecules is gradually released and captured in the form of ATP. This energy transfer is essential for the functioning of cells and allows them to carry out various metabolic processes necessary for life.

ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is a molecule that stores readily usable energy for nearly all cell functions. It is often referred to as the "energy currency" of the cell because it provides the energy needed for various cellular processes. ATP is produced during cellular respiration and can be quickly broken down to release energy when needed. It is essential for activities such as muscle contraction, active transport, and synthesis of macromolecules.

All organisms listed in the options, including plants, animals, and fungi, carry out cellular respiration all the time in all of their cells. Cellular respiration is the process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into carbon dioxide, water, and energy in the form of ATP. This process occurs in the mitochondria of cells and is essential for the production of energy needed for various cellular activities. Therefore, all of these organisms require cellular respiration to survive and function properly.

The statement that used ATP molecules are discarded by the cell, never to be used again, is not true. ATP is a molecule that can be recycled and reused by the cell. When ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP, it can be regenerated back to ATP through processes like cellular respiration. Therefore, ATP molecules are not simply thrown away but rather undergo a cycle of synthesis and degradation to provide energy for cellular processes.

Polymers are made of monomers because polymers are large molecules made up of repeating subunits called monomers. These monomers are bonded together through chemical reactions, such as dehydration synthesis, to form a long chain-like structure. This process is known as polymerization. Therefore, the statement "Polymers are made of monomers" is true.

In biology, the term "organic" refers to substances that contain carbon. Carbon is a fundamental element found in all living organisms and is the basis for the formation of complex molecules. Therefore, the correct answer is that "organic" means "contains carbon."

The purpose of cellular respiration is to transfer energy from sugar to ATP. This process involves breaking down food and converting it into carbon dioxide and water. However, the primary goal is to generate ATP, which is the main source of energy for cellular activities.

The answer suggests that the reason why humans and chickens share the same enzyme, catalase, is because of the common ancestry and the development of certain structures over millions of years. This implies that catalase is a useful enzyme that has been inherited by different species through evolution.

If we didn't have enzymes, all of the statements would likely be true. Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in our bodies. Without enzymes, the rate of reactions would significantly decrease, resulting in fewer chemical reactions happening per second. To compensate for this, our body temperature would have to increase dramatically to provide the necessary energy for reactions to occur. Additionally, enzymes play a crucial role in digestion, metabolism, and other bodily processes, so without them, the study of biology would be significantly shorter.

Polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates made up of multiple sugar molecules. Starch, glycogen, and cellulose are all examples of polysaccharides. Starch is the main storage form of glucose in plants, while glycogen serves as the storage form of glucose in animals. Cellulose, on the other hand, is a structural polysaccharide found in the cell walls of plants. Therefore, the correct answer is starch, glycogen, and cellulose.

Glucose is a monosaccharide, which is a simple sugar and the primary source of energy for the body. Starch, on the other hand, is a complex carbohydrate made up of many glucose molecules linked together. Similarly, amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, and proteins are made up of chains of amino acids. Therefore, the relationship between glucose and starch is similar to the relationship between amino acids and proteins.

Enzymes are specialized proteins that act as catalysts in biological reactions. They lower the activation energy required for a reaction to occur, thereby increasing the reaction rate. Enzymes are known to have the ability to bend or flex, which is crucial for their function. However, enzymes are not required to be rebuilt after each use. They can be used repeatedly without being consumed or permanently altered in the reaction process.

A granola bar is an example of a source of chemical energy because it is made up of organic molecules such as carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. These molecules contain stored energy that can be released through chemical reactions, such as digestion, to provide fuel for the body.

A catalyst is a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction by decreasing the activation energy required for the reaction to occur. Activation energy is the energy needed to start a reaction, and by lowering this energy barrier, a catalyst allows the reaction to proceed more easily and quickly. Therefore, the correct answer is "decreases the activation energy."

The products of photosynthesis are sugar and oxygen. During photosynthesis, plants use carbon dioxide and water to produce glucose (sugar) and release oxygen as a byproduct. This process occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells, where sunlight is converted into chemical energy in the form of ATP and enzymes are involved in facilitating the reactions. However, the primary products of photosynthesis are sugar and oxygen.