Biology Exam I: A Quiz On Cells And The Important Macromolecules
Hello, and welcome to Biology Exam I, where we will be taking a close look at one of the most important topics within the scientific study; cells! How much can you tell us about cells, as well as the essential macromolecules? Take the quiz, and we’ll all find out together!
Questions and Answers
- 1.
Biology is the study of...
- A.
Research
- B.
Living things
- C.
Ecology and evolution
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
B. Living thingsExplanation
Biology is the study of living things, including their structure, function, growth, origin, evolution, and distribution. It encompasses various sub-disciplines such as botany, zoology, microbiology, and genetics, among others. By studying living organisms, biology aims to understand their characteristics, behaviors, and interactions with the environment. This knowledge is crucial for advancements in medicine, agriculture, conservation, and other fields.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Enzymes...
- A.
Compose much of th physical structure and framework of an organism
- B.
Are proteins
- C.
Are composed of repeating subunits of mono saccharides
- D.
Form part of the most complex nucleic acids
Correct Answer
B. Are proteinsExplanation
Enzymes are proteins that play a vital role in the structure and functioning of organisms. They act as catalysts for various biochemical reactions and are involved in processes such as digestion, metabolism, and cell signaling. Proteins are composed of amino acids, which are linked together to form long chains. These chains fold into specific three-dimensional structures, giving enzymes their unique properties and functions. Therefore, the statement "enzymes are proteins" is correct because enzymes are a specific type of protein that perform important biological functions.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Nucleic acids are composed of repeating units of
- A.
Amino acids
- B.
Carbon
- C.
Nucleotides
- D.
Fatty acids
Correct Answer
C. NucleotidesExplanation
Nucleic acids are composed of repeating units of nucleotides. Nucleotides are the building blocks of nucleic acids, which include DNA and RNA. Each nucleotide consists of a sugar molecule, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. These nucleotides link together through phosphodiester bonds to form a polynucleotide chain, which makes up the structure of nucleic acids. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, not nucleic acids. Carbon and fatty acids are not the repeating units of nucleic acids.Rate this question:
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- 4.
The entire surface of the earth that contains living organisms is called the
- A.
Biosphere
- B.
Environment
- C.
Atmosphere
- D.
Universe
Correct Answer
A. BiosphereExplanation
The biosphere refers to the entire surface of the earth that contains living organisms. It includes all ecosystems, such as forests, oceans, deserts, and grasslands, where life exists. The biosphere encompasses all living organisms and their interactions with the physical environment. It includes the atmosphere, hydrosphere (water bodies), and lithosphere (earth's crust). The biosphere is a complex system where organisms rely on each other and the environment for survival.Rate this question:
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- 5.
There are 20 different amino acids in living organisms. these amino acids form
- A.
Nucleic acids
- B.
Proteins
- C.
Lipids
- D.
Carbohydrates
Correct Answer
B. ProteinsExplanation
Proteins are formed by the combination of different amino acids. There are 20 different amino acids that are commonly found in living organisms. These amino acids join together through chemical bonds to form long chains, which then fold and twist into complex three-dimensional structures to create proteins. Therefore, proteins are the correct answer as they are directly formed by the arrangement of amino acids.Rate this question:
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- 6.
The structure of nearly all organic molecules and important macromolecules is based upon
- A.
Amino acids
- B.
Carbon
- C.
Hydrogen bonds
- D.
Water
Correct Answer
B. CarbonExplanation
The structure of nearly all organic molecules and important macromolecules is based on carbon. Carbon forms the backbone of organic compounds, and the diversity and complexity of organic molecules arise from the various ways carbon can bond with itself and other elements, creating a wide range of structures and functions in organic chemistry. While amino acids, hydrogen bonds, and water are important components in the chemistry of life, carbon is the fundamental element that defines organic molecules.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Which substance would you expect to have a pH similar to that of human blood.
- A.
The ocean
- B.
Coffee
- C.
A large lake
- D.
Both a & c
Correct Answer
A. The oceanExplanation
The ocean would be expected to have a pH similar to that of human blood. This is because the pH of human blood is around 7.4, which is slightly alkaline. The ocean has a pH range of 7.5 to 8.4, which falls within the same alkaline range. Coffee, on the other hand, is acidic with a pH of around 5, while a large lake can vary in pH depending on various factors. Therefore, the ocean is the most likely option to have a pH similar to that of human blood.Rate this question:
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- 8.
The smallest unit that can carry out all activities we associate with life is
- A.
Organelle
- B.
Cell
- C.
Tissue
- D.
Organism
Correct Answer
B. CellExplanation
A cell is the smallest unit that can carry out all activities we associate with life. Cells are the basic building blocks of all living organisms and are responsible for performing essential functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, and responding to stimuli. Organelles are structures within cells that perform specific functions, but they cannot carry out all activities associated with life on their own. Tissues are made up of cells and perform specific functions, but they are not considered the smallest unit of life. An organism is a complete living entity composed of multiple organ systems, which are made up of tissues and cells.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Which is true of all cells
- A.
Go through carious developmental stages
- B.
Respond to light
- C.
Can move from one location to another
- D.
Derived from previously existing cells
Correct Answer
D. Derived from previously existing cellsExplanation
All cells are derived from previously existing cells through the process of cell division. This is known as the principle of cell theory, which states that all living organisms are composed of cells and that cells arise from pre-existing cells. This process ensures that genetic information is passed on from one generation to the next. Through cell division, cells can replicate and differentiate into various cell types during development. Therefore, the statement that all cells are derived from previously existing cells is true for all cells.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Many of the properties of water that are important in biology are due to _________ in individual water molecules and ________ among multiple water molecules
Correct Answer
covalent bonds/hydrogen bonds, polarity/hydrogen bonds, hydrogen bonds/polarity, polarity/phExplanation
Many of the properties of water that are important in biology are due to the polarity in individual water molecules and the hydrogen bonds among multiple water molecules. The covalent bonds in water molecules create a polar molecule, with the oxygen atom being slightly negative and the hydrogen atoms being slightly positive. This polarity allows water molecules to form hydrogen bonds with each other, which gives water its unique properties such as high heat capacity, cohesion, and solvent capabilities. Additionally, the polarity of water molecules also allows them to interact with other polar molecules, such as those found in biological systems.Rate this question:
- 11.
Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing proteins in eukaryotic cells?
- A.
Mitochondria
- B.
Golgi apparatus
- C.
Ribosomes
- D.
Lysosomes
Correct Answer
C. RibosomesExplanation
Ribosomes: Ribosomes are the correct answer. They are the cellular organelles responsible for protein synthesis. Ribosomes can be found in the cytoplasm (free ribosomes) or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) (bound ribosomes).Rate this question:
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- 12.
Which type of molecules would you expect to easily dissolve in water
- A.
Charged molecules
- B.
Non-polar molecules
- C.
Polar molecules
- D.
Both a & c
Correct Answer
D. Both a & cExplanation
Both charged molecules and polar molecules would be expected to easily dissolve in water. Water is a polar molecule itself, with a slightly positive charge on the hydrogen atoms and a slightly negative charge on the oxygen atom. Charged molecules, such as ions, can easily interact with the polar water molecules through electrostatic attractions. Polar molecules, which have a slight separation of positive and negative charges, can also form hydrogen bonds with water molecules, further aiding in their dissolution. Non-polar molecules, on the other hand, do not have charges or significant polarity, and therefore do not easily interact with water molecules, making them less likely to dissolve in water.Rate this question:
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- 13.
The basis for the occurrence of evolution within organism is
- A.
Death
- B.
Genetics
- C.
Repdators
- D.
Cells
Correct Answer
B. GeneticsExplanation
The basis for the occurrence of evolution within organisms is genetics. Evolution is driven by changes in the genetic makeup of populations over time. Genetic variations arise through processes such as mutation and recombination, and these variations can be passed on to future generations. Natural selection acts on these genetic variations, favoring traits that increase an organism's fitness and survival. Over time, these advantageous traits become more common in the population, leading to evolutionary change. Therefore, genetics plays a fundamental role in the occurrence of evolution within organisms.Rate this question:
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- 14.
A 6-carbon simple sugar that forms long chaing of carbohydrates such as starch and cellulose is
- A.
Sucrose
- B.
Amino acids
- C.
Disaccharides
- D.
Glucose
Correct Answer
D. GlucoseExplanation
Glucose is a 6-carbon simple sugar that forms long chains of carbohydrates such as starch and cellulose. It is the main source of energy for living organisms and is commonly found in fruits, honey, and sports drinks. Glucose molecules can join together to form larger carbohydrates like starch and cellulose, which are essential for energy storage and structural support in plants and some animals.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Cholesterol and steroid hormones are among biologically important macromolecules grouped into
- A.
Proteins
- B.
Lipids
- C.
Carbs
- D.
Nucleic acids
Correct Answer
B. LipidsExplanation
Cholesterol and steroid hormones are classified as lipids because they are hydrophobic molecules that are insoluble in water. Lipids are a diverse group of macromolecules that include fats, oils, waxes, phospholipids, and steroids. Cholesterol is an essential component of cell membranes and is also a precursor for the synthesis of steroid hormones such as estrogen, testosterone, and cortisol. These hormones play crucial roles in various physiological processes. Therefore, cholesterol and steroid hormones are biologically important macromolecules that belong to the lipid group.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Many of the thermal properties of water that are important fro life result from interaction of many water molecules at the level of
- A.
Triple bonds
- B.
Hydrogen bonds
- C.
Freezing
- D.
Polarity
Correct Answer
C. FreezingExplanation
The correct answer is hydrogen bonds. Many of the thermal properties of water that are important for life, such as its high boiling point and specific heat capacity, result from the strong hydrogen bonds formed between water molecules. These hydrogen bonds allow water to absorb and release heat energy effectively, making it a stable environment for biological processes. Freezing, on the other hand, refers to the process of water turning into ice and is not directly related to the thermal properties of water.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Which of the following macromolecules serves as the main energy storage molecule in cells?
- A.
Proteins
- B.
Carbohydrates
- C.
Nucleic Acids
- D.
Lipids
Correct Answer
B. CarbohydratesExplanation
Carbohydrates: Carbohydrates, such as glucose and glycogen, serve as the main energy storage molecules in cells. Glucose is readily available for energy production, while glycogen is a stored form of glucose in animals, and starch serves a similar role in plants.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Which of the following is not a characteristic of living things
- A.
Interaction
- B.
Multicellular
- C.
Energy transformation
- D.
Reproduction
Correct Answer
B. MulticellularExplanation
Multicellularity refers to the presence of multiple cells working together to form a complex organism. While this is a characteristic of many living organisms, it is not a defining characteristic of all living things. There are numerous single-celled organisms, such as bacteria and protozoa, that are considered living but do not exhibit multicellularity. Therefore, multicellularity is not a universal characteristic of living things.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Which of these pairs is mismatched
- A.
Monosaccharides-cellulose
- B.
Disaccharides-glucose
- C.
Polysaccharides-sucrose
- D.
All of these are incorrectly matched
Correct Answer
D. All of these are incorrectly matchedExplanation
The given answer states that all of the pairs mentioned are mismatched. This means that none of the pairs are correctly matched. This suggests that monosaccharides are not a component of cellulose, disaccharides are not composed of glucose, and polysaccharides do not include sucrose.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Which is found in a typical P cell
- A.
Ribosomes
- B.
Nucleous
- C.
Dna
- D.
Both c & d
Correct Answer
C. DnaExplanation
The correct answer is DNA because DNA is found in the nucleus of a cell, which is a characteristic of a typical P cell. Ribosomes are found in both P and E cells, while the nucleolus is found in the nucleus of a cell but is not exclusive to P cells. Therefore, the correct answer is DNA.Rate this question:
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- 21.
An organelle associated with packaging proteins and export from the cell
- A.
Plastids
- B.
Lysosomes
- C.
Golgi body
- D.
Ribosomes
Correct Answer
C. Golgi bodyExplanation
The Golgi body is an organelle that is involved in packaging proteins and exporting them from the cell. It receives proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum and modifies them by adding sugars and lipids. It then packages these proteins into vesicles and sends them to their final destinations within or outside the cell. The Golgi body plays a crucial role in protein sorting, processing, and transport, making it the correct answer for an organelle associated with packaging proteins and export from the cell.Rate this question:
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- 22.
The lipid bilayer of cell membranes has an arrangement where the hydrophobic ends of the phospholipids are
- A.
On the inside of the bilayer
- B.
Oriented to completely pass the bilayer
- C.
Very rigidly anchored in place
- D.
On the outside of the bilayer
Correct Answer
A. On the inside of the bilayerExplanation
The lipid bilayer of cell membranes has an arrangement where the hydrophobic ends of the phospholipids are on the inside of the bilayer. This arrangement is due to the hydrophobic nature of the fatty acid chains of the phospholipids, which repel water molecules. By orienting the hydrophobic ends inward, the hydrophilic heads of the phospholipids can interact with the aqueous environment inside and outside the cell, while the hydrophobic tails remain shielded from the water. This arrangement allows for the formation of a stable and impermeable barrier that separates the cell's internal environment from its external surroundings.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Active transports of substances across a cell membrane differs from passive transport in that
- A.
Active transport requires energy and passive transport does not
- B.
Active transport moves molecules against their concentration gradient
- C.
Passive transport usually involves small uncharged molecules
- D.
All of these
Correct Answer
A. Active transport requires energy and passive transport does notExplanation
Active transport requires energy because it involves the movement of molecules against their concentration gradient, from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration. This process requires the use of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) as a source of energy. On the other hand, passive transport does not require energy as it moves molecules along their concentration gradient, from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Therefore, the correct answer is that active transport requires energy and passive transport does not.Rate this question:
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- 24.
The major structural component of a cell membrane in the part that gives the membrane many of the Perm. membrane is
- A.
Cholesterol
- B.
Glycolipids
- C.
Phospholipids
- D.
Proteins
Correct Answer
D. ProteinsExplanation
Proteins are the major structural component of a cell membrane. They are embedded within the lipid bilayer and play a crucial role in maintaining the integrity and functionality of the membrane. Proteins act as channels, receptors, and transporters, allowing the selective passage of molecules in and out of the cell. They also contribute to cell adhesion and signal transduction. While cholesterol, glycolipids, and phospholipids are also important components of the cell membrane, proteins are primarily responsible for its structure and function.Rate this question:
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- 25.
The energy requiring movement of materials against a concentration gradient is
- A.
Active transport
- B.
Secondary active transport
- C.
Facilitated diffusion
- D.
Osmosis
Correct Answer
A. Active transportExplanation
Active transport is the correct answer because it refers to the energy-requiring movement of materials against a concentration gradient. In active transport, molecules are transported from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration, which requires the input of energy. This process is essential for maintaining concentration gradients across cell membranes and for the uptake of nutrients or removal of waste materials. Unlike facilitated diffusion or osmosis, active transport involves the use of energy, typically in the form of ATP, to move substances against their concentration gradient. Secondary active transport, on the other hand, relies on the energy stored in the electrochemical gradient of one molecule to drive the transport of another molecule against its concentration gradient.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Facilitated diffusion
- A.
Moves molecule against a concentration gradient
- B.
Is typically used to transport smaller non polar molecules
- C.
Requires a transmembrane protein
- D.
Requires ATP
Correct Answer
D. Requires ATPExplanation
Facilitated diffusion is a passive transport process that moves molecules across a cell membrane with the help of specific transmembrane proteins. It does not require ATP (adenosine triphosphate) as an energy source. Instead, it relies on the concentration gradient of the molecules being transported. Therefore, the given answer stating that facilitated diffusion requires ATP is incorrect.Rate this question:
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- 27.
Because of the inherent properties of the cell membrane which of the molecules is least likely to cross into the membrane by simple diffusion
- A.
Water
- B.
02
- C.
K+
- D.
CO2
Correct Answer
C. K+Explanation
K+ is least likely to cross into the cell membrane by simple diffusion because it is a charged molecule. The cell membrane is selectively permeable and allows only certain molecules to pass through. Since K+ carries a positive charge, it cannot easily pass through the hydrophobic interior of the cell membrane. On the other hand, water, O2, and CO2 are small and uncharged molecules, making them more likely to cross the membrane by simple diffusion.Rate this question:
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- 28.
A lipid bilayer _____________ fatty acids tails face each other within a region that excludes water
- A.
Hypertonic
- B.
Hydrophobic
- C.
Hydrographic
- D.
Hydrophilic
Correct Answer
B. HydrophobicExplanation
A lipid bilayer is composed of two layers of lipids, with hydrophilic (water-loving) heads facing the water on both sides and hydrophobic (water-fearing) fatty acid tails facing each other in the middle. This arrangement creates a barrier that excludes water from the interior of the bilayer. Therefore, the correct answer is hydrophobic.Rate this question:
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- 29.
Entire cells or other large particles can enter a cell through
- A.
Active transport
- B.
Diffusion
- C.
Phagocytosis
- D.
Exocytosis
Correct Answer
C. PhagocytosisExplanation
Phagocytosis is the process by which cells engulf and ingest large particles or entire cells. This process involves the formation of a phagosome, a membrane-bound vesicle, around the particle, which is then fused with lysosomes to form a phagolysosome. Within the phagolysosome, the particle is broken down and its components are either used by the cell or expelled. Therefore, phagocytosis allows entire cells or large particles to enter a cell. Active transport, diffusion, and exocytosis do not involve the ingestion of large particles or entire cells.Rate this question:
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- 30.
Receptor-mediated transport is a highly specific process in which molecules are recognized by cell surface receptors, leading to their transport into the cell. Which of the following types of molecules is typically transported into cells through receptor-mediated transport?
- A.
Carbs
- B.
Nucleic acids
- C.
Proteins
- D.
Lipids
Correct Answer
A. CarbsExplanation
Receptor-mediated transport is a process in which specific molecules are recognized by receptors on the cell surface and transported into the cell. This process is usually specific because receptors have the ability to recognize and form bonds with particular molecules. In this case, the correct answer is "carbs" because carbohydrates are commonly recognized and transported into cells through receptor-mediated transport.Rate this question:
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- 31.
These are responsible for cell locomotion and the cells structual characteristics
- A.
Microfilaments
- B.
Microtubules
- C.
Intermediate filaments
- D.
Cholesterol
Correct Answer
A. MicrofilamentsExplanation
Microfilaments are responsible for cell locomotion and the structural characteristics of cells. They are thin, flexible filaments made up of actin protein and are involved in various cellular processes such as cell division, cell shape maintenance, and movement. Microfilaments provide support and stability to the cell, allowing it to change shape and move. They also play a crucial role in muscle contraction and the formation of cellular extensions like microvilli and filopodia. Therefore, microfilaments are the correct answer as they are directly related to cell locomotion and the structural characteristics of cells.Rate this question:
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- 32.
Digest proteins
- A.
Lysosomes
- B.
Ribosomes
- C.
Smooth ER
- D.
Rough ER
Correct Answer
A. LysosomesExplanation
Lysosomes are organelles found in cells that contain digestive enzymes. These enzymes are responsible for breaking down proteins, among other substances, into smaller molecules that can be used by the cell. Lysosomes play a crucial role in cellular digestion and waste removal. Therefore, they are involved in the process of digesting proteins.Rate this question:
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- 33.
Produces secretory proteins
- A.
Smooth ER
- B.
Rough ER
- C.
Ribosomes
- D.
Nucleus
Correct Answer
B. Rough ERExplanation
The rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is responsible for producing secretory proteins. It is called "rough" because it has ribosomes attached to its surface, giving it a bumpy appearance. These ribosomes help in the synthesis of proteins, which are then transported and modified within the rough ER before being sent to their final destinations. The smooth ER, on the other hand, does not have ribosomes and is involved in lipid metabolism and detoxification. The nucleus contains the genetic material of the cell but is not directly involved in protein synthesis.Rate this question:
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- 34.
Helps stabilize the structure of the plasma membrane
- A.
Phospholipids
- B.
Cholesterol
- C.
Microtubles
- D.
Ribosomes
Correct Answer
B. CholesterolExplanation
Cholesterol helps stabilize the structure of the plasma membrane. It is a type of lipid molecule that is present in the cell membrane. Cholesterol molecules are interspersed between the phospholipids, which make up the majority of the membrane. Cholesterol helps maintain the fluidity and flexibility of the membrane by preventing the phospholipids from packing too closely together. This stabilization is crucial for the proper functioning of the plasma membrane, as it allows the membrane to maintain its shape and integrity while still being able to allow the passage of necessary molecules in and out of the cell.Rate this question:
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- 35.
Movement of anything through a membrane
- A.
Hypotonic
- B.
Diffusion
- C.
Ribosomes
- D.
P cells
Correct Answer
B. DiffusionExplanation
Diffusion refers to the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. It is a passive process that occurs naturally and does not require the input of energy. In the context of the given options, diffusion is the most appropriate term to describe the movement of anything through a membrane, as it encompasses the concept of particles spreading out and reaching equilibrium.Rate this question:
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- 36.
Which is not a function of lipids
- A.
Hormones
- B.
Insulation
- C.
Vitamins
- D.
Storage
Correct Answer
D. StorageExplanation
Lipids are primarily known for their role in storing energy in the body. They are stored in adipose tissues and can be broken down to release energy when needed. Hormones, insulation, and vitamins are all functions of lipids. Hormones are chemical messengers that regulate various bodily functions, insulation helps to maintain body temperature, and some vitamins are lipid-soluble and require lipids for absorption and transport in the body. Therefore, storage is not a function of lipids.Rate this question:
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- 37.
Which is in charge of hereditary info?
- A.
RNA
- B.
DNA
Correct Answer
B. DNAExplanation
DNA is responsible for carrying and transmitting hereditary information. It contains the genetic instructions that determine the traits and characteristics of living organisms. RNA, on the other hand, plays a role in protein synthesis and helps in the transfer of genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes. However, DNA is the molecule that primarily carries the hereditary information and is passed on from one generation to another.Rate this question:
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- 38.
Changes the rate of chemical reactions without itself being changed into a different molecule in the process
- A.
Insulin
- B.
Glucose
- C.
Enzymes
- D.
Proteins
Correct Answer
C. EnzymesExplanation
Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts in chemical reactions. They increase the rate of these reactions by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur. Importantly, enzymes themselves are not consumed or changed in the process, meaning they can be used repeatedly. In the context of the given statement, enzymes fit the description as they facilitate chemical reactions without undergoing any chemical changes themselves.Rate this question:
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- 39.
Is the transport proteins that carries oxygen in the blood
- A.
Insulin
- B.
Glucose
- C.
Enzyme
- D.
Hemoglobin
Correct Answer
D. HemoglobinExplanation
Hemoglobin is the correct answer because it is a transport protein that carries oxygen in the blood. It is found in red blood cells and binds to oxygen in the lungs, then releases it to the body's tissues. Hemoglobin plays a crucial role in delivering oxygen to cells and removing carbon dioxide, ensuring proper functioning of the body's organs and tissues.Rate this question:
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- 40.
What is adenine matched up with?
- A.
Thymine
- B.
Guanine
- C.
Cytosine
Correct Answer
A. ThymineExplanation
Adenine is one of the four nucleotide bases found in DNA. It forms a complementary base pair with thymine through hydrogen bonding. This means that in the DNA double helix structure, adenine always pairs with thymine. The other two bases, guanine and cytosine, also form complementary base pairs with each other. This base pairing is essential for DNA replication and the transmission of genetic information.Rate this question:
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- 41.
What molecules make up maltose
- A.
Glucose and fructose
- B.
2 sucroses
- C.
2 glucoses
- D.
Lactose and glucose
Correct Answer
C. 2 glucosesExplanation
Maltose is a disaccharide composed of two glucose molecules. It is formed when two glucose molecules undergo a condensation reaction, resulting in the formation of a glycosidic bond between them. Therefore, the correct answer is "2 glucoses".Rate this question:
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- 42.
Amylose is
- A.
Branched
- B.
Unbranched
Correct Answer
A. BranchedExplanation
Amylose is a type of starch that is unbranched. It is made up of long chains of glucose molecules that are linked together in a linear fashion. Unlike amylopectin, which is branched, amylose has a more simple and linear structure. This lack of branching allows amylose to form a compact and tightly packed structure, making it less soluble in water compared to amylopectin.Rate this question:
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- 43.
Simple, complex and steroids are components of what macromolecule
- A.
Lipids
- B.
Carbs
- C.
Proteins
- D.
Acids
Correct Answer
A. LipidsExplanation
Simple, complex, and steroids are all types of lipids. Lipids are a macromolecule that includes various types of molecules such as fats, oils, waxes, and steroids. They are characterized by their insolubility in water and their role in storing energy, providing insulation, and acting as structural components of cell membranes. Therefore, lipids are the correct answer in this case.Rate this question:
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- 44.
Olive oil is a(n)
- A.
Unsaturated fat
- B.
Saturated fat
Correct Answer
B. Saturated fatExplanation
Olive oil is a saturated fat because it is derived from plant sources and is primarily composed of saturated fatty acids. Saturated fats are typically solid at room temperature and can increase levels of LDL cholesterol in the blood, which is why they are often considered unhealthy when consumed in excess.Rate this question:
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- 45.
Nucleotides are composed of
- A.
A pentose group, a carb group and a base
- B.
A dextrose group, a protein and a base
- C.
A pentose sugar, a phosphate group and a base
- D.
A pentose group, phosphate sugar and a base
Correct Answer
C. A pentose sugar, a phosphate group and a baseExplanation
Nucleotides are the building blocks of DNA and RNA. They are composed of three main components: a pentose sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. The pentose sugar is a five-carbon sugar, such as ribose or deoxyribose. The phosphate group consists of a phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms. The nitrogenous base can be adenine, guanine, cytosine, or thymine in DNA, or uracil in RNA. Therefore, the correct answer is "a pentose sugar, a phosphate group, and a base."Rate this question:
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- 46.
Transports materials to the golgi body
- A.
Lysosomes
- B.
Ribosomes
- C.
Vesicles
- D.
Vacuoles
Correct Answer
C. VesiclesExplanation
Vesicles are small sacs that transport materials within the cell. They can transport various substances, including proteins and lipids, to different parts of the cell, including the Golgi body. The Golgi body is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging these materials before they are transported to their final destination. Therefore, vesicles play a crucial role in transporting materials to the Golgi body, making them the correct answer. Lysosomes are responsible for breaking down waste materials, ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis, and vacuoles are storage compartments within the cell.Rate this question:
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- 47.
Flexible solid fibers that consist of 2 intertwined polymers
- A.
Intermediate filaments
- B.
Microtubules
- C.
Microfilaments
Correct Answer
C. MicrofilamentsExplanation
Microfilaments are thin, flexible solid fibers that consist of two intertwined polymers, namely actin filaments. They are essential components of the cytoskeleton, providing structural support and facilitating cell movement. Microfilaments are involved in various cellular processes, including cell division, cell shape maintenance, and cell motility. They also play a crucial role in muscle contraction. Overall, microfilaments contribute to the overall organization and functionality of the cell.Rate this question:
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- 48.
Tought flexible fibers that help stabilize cell shapes
- A.
Microfilaments
- B.
Microtubules
- C.
Intermediate filaments
Correct Answer
C. Intermediate filamentsExplanation
Intermediate filaments are tough, flexible fibers that help stabilize cell shapes. They provide mechanical support and strength to cells, especially in tissues that undergo mechanical stress. Unlike microfilaments and microtubules, which are involved in cell movement and intracellular transport respectively, intermediate filaments primarily function to maintain the structural integrity of cells. They are composed of various proteins, such as keratins, vimentin, and neurofilaments, and are found in the cytoplasm of most animal cells.Rate this question:
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- 49.
What organelle processes information
- A.
Plastids
- B.
Mitochondria
- C.
Golgi body
- D.
Nucleus
Correct Answer
D. NucleusExplanation
The nucleus is the correct answer because it is the organelle that processes information in a cell. It contains the cell's DNA, which carries genetic information and controls the cell's activities. The nucleus regulates gene expression, synthesizes RNA, and plays a crucial role in cell division and replication. It acts as the control center of the cell, processing and coordinating various cellular functions based on the information stored in the DNA.Rate this question:
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- 50.
What organelle manufactures proteins and other materials
- A.
Golgi appartus
- B.
Plastids
- C.
Mitochondria
- D.
Lysosomes
Correct Answer
A. Golgi appartusExplanation
The Golgi apparatus is responsible for manufacturing proteins and other materials in the cell. It receives proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum and modifies, sorts, and packages them into vesicles for transportation to other parts of the cell or for secretion outside the cell. The Golgi apparatus plays a crucial role in protein synthesis and trafficking within the cell.Rate this question:
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Oct 06, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Feb 13, 2010Quiz Created by
Nadine317
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