Chapter 6-2 Physiological Psychology Final Study Quiz

The analogy between the dorsal stream and ventral stream is that the dorsal stream is responsible for processing "where" information, such as spatial awareness and movement, while the ventral stream processes "what" information, such as object recognition and identification. Similarly, the analogy between "where" and "what" is that "where" refers to spatial location, while "what" refers to the identification or categorization of an object.

V5 responds to movement.

The Young-Helmholtz Trichromatic Color Theory hypothesized that there were 3 color receptors because they discovered that any light can be matched by a superposition of three primary colors (RGB). This finding suggested that the human eye has three types of color receptors, each sensitive to a different range of wavelengths, which together allow us to perceive the full spectrum of colors. This theory provided a scientific explanation for how we perceive and distinguish different colors.

ON channels are activated for brightly lit stimuli because these channels are responsible for detecting and processing increases in light intensity. When a stimulus is brightly lit, there is a significant increase in light intensity, and the ON channels respond by becoming activated. These channels are sensitive to changes in light and are particularly effective in detecting and processing bright stimuli.

High spatial frequency receptors are good at identifying fine details. Spatial frequency refers to the number of changes in contrast or brightness that occur within a given unit of space. High spatial frequency receptors are sensitive to rapid changes in contrast, allowing them to detect small details and subtle variations in an image. This ability is important for tasks such as reading small text, recognizing intricate patterns, and perceiving fine textures.

V4 is the correct answer because it is a visual area in the brain that specifically responds to color and form perception. V4 is involved in processing visual information related to color and shape, and it plays a crucial role in object recognition and perception. The other options, V5, TEO, and TE, are not primarily associated with color perception, making V4 the most appropriate choice.

Visual information is transmitted to the visual association cortex via both the dorsal and the ventral streams. The dorsal stream is responsible for processing the spatial location and motion of visual stimuli, while the ventral stream is involved in the recognition and perception of objects. These two streams work together to provide a comprehensive understanding of visual information and contribute to our visual perception and cognition.

Associative visual agnosia refers to a condition where a person has normal visual acuity but is unable to recognize objects based on their shape. This inability to connect visual perception with the corresponding language areas of the brain leads to a disconnection between the two. As a result, individuals with associative visual agnosia struggle to assign meaning or label objects correctly, even though their visual system is intact. This condition highlights the importance of the interaction between perceptual and language areas in object recognition and understanding.

TEO is involved in color discrimination and 2-D pattern discrimination.

The dorsal stream receives input mostly from magnocellular input. This is because the magnocellular pathway is responsible for processing motion, depth, and spatial location, which are the main functions of the dorsal stream. The magnocellular pathway receives input from the M-cells in the retina, which are sensitive to low spatial frequencies and high temporal frequencies. Therefore, the majority of the input to the dorsal stream comes from the magnocellular pathway.

A low spatial frequency refers to wide sine-wave bars of light and dark. This means that the bars are spread out and have a gradual transition between light and dark areas. This is in contrast to high spatial frequency, which refers to thin sine-wave bars or categorical stripes of light and dark. In this case, the correct answer indicates that the low spatial frequency is characterized by wide sine-wave bars of light and dark.

TE (TEO) is responsible for responses to 3-D objects. TE (TEO) is a region in the temporal lobe of the brain that is involved in processing complex visual stimuli, including the perception of three-dimensional objects. It receives information from earlier visual processing areas and plays a crucial role in recognizing and identifying objects based on their shape, size, and orientation. Therefore, TE is the most likely region responsible for responses to 3-D objects.

The ventral stream receives input from an equal mix of magnocellular and parvocellular input. This means that it receives information from both the magnocellular pathway, which is responsible for processing motion and spatial information, and the parvocellular pathway, which is responsible for processing color and fine detail. This balanced input allows the ventral stream to integrate both types of visual information and contribute to the perception of objects and visual recognition.

Apperceptive visual agnosia is a condition where a person has normal visual acuity but cannot recognize objects based on their shape. This means that they are able to see the objects clearly, but they are unable to assign meaning or label them. Naming what they see is not a characteristic of apperceptive visual agnosia.