Chapter 2 Physiological Psychology Mid-term Study Quiz
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Structure and Functions of Cells of the Nervous System
- 1._______ neurons gather information from the environment so that _________ neurons can relay the information through the body to the brain, so that a message can come down and tell the ______ neurons to contract muscles.
- A.
Motor; sensory; inter
- B.
Motor; inter; sensory
- C.
Sensory; inter; motor
- D.
Inter; sensory; motor
- 2._________ is responsible for cutting and splicing messenger RNA to produce a protein.
- A.
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
- B.
Phospholipid
- C.
Non-coding ribonucleic acid (ncRNA)
- D.
Carboxlyl
- 3.The cytoplasm includes _______ and ________.
- A.
Cell organelles; cytosol
- B.
Plasma membrane; cytosol
- C.
Cell organelles; nucleus
- D.
Plasma membrane; nucleus
- 4.________ are subcellular structures that perform various functions in a cell.
- A.
Proteins
- B.
Cell organelles
- C.
Glial cells
- D.
Cholesterol
- 5.The cell membrane is ___________, meaning it serves as a barrier to passage of some molecules, and it is composed of a double layer of ________.
- A.
Hydrophilic; lipid molecules
- B.
Hydrophilic; nucleic acids
- C.
Selectively permeable; nucleic acids
- D.
Selectively permeable; lipid molecules
- 6.____________ are permanently attached to the cell membrane; whereas ________ are only temporarily attached.
- A.
Integral membrane proteins; peripheral membrane proteins
- B.
Peripheral membrane proteins; integral membrane proteins
- C.
Peripheral membrane proteins; secondary membrane proteins
- D.
Primary membrane proteins; secondary membrane proteins
- 7.Nuclear envelope is to __________ as nucleus is to cell.
- A.
Mitochondria
- B.
Cell membrane
- C.
Endoplasmic reticulum
- D.
Ribosomes
- 8.Nuclear pores aid in ______________.
- A.
Elimination of waste molecules
- B.
Transport of molecules
- C.
Energy production within the nucleus
- D.
Carbon production in the nucleus
- 9.______________ is/are DNA/protein combinations that are condensed for size and are involved in mitosis/meiosis.
- A.
Endoplasmic reticulum
- B.
Nuclear pores
- C.
Nucleolus chromatin
- D.
Nuclear envelope
- 10.The endoplasmic reticulum is the __________ of the cell world.
- A.
Highway
- B.
Power plant
- C.
Lipid factory
- D.
Packaging center
- 11.Anterograde axoplasmic transport refers to substances being pushed toward the ________.
- A.
Nucleus
- B.
Dendrites
- C.
Soma
- D.
Terminal buttons
- 12.Retrograde axoplasmic transport refers to substances being pushed toward the _________.
- A.
Nucleus
- B.
Dendrites
- C.
Soma
- D.
Terminal buttons
- 13.The granular (rough) endoplasmic reticulum produces and packages __________.
- A.
Carbohdyrates
- B.
Lipids
- C.
Proteins
- D.
Nucleic acids
- 14.The ribosomes, located on the granular endoplasmic reticulum, serve as the ________ of the cell world.
- A.
Highways
- B.
Protein factories
- C.
Power plants
- D.
Lipid factories
- 15.Agranular (smooth) endoplasmic reticulum is the __________ of the cell world.
- A.
Highway
- B.
Protein factory
- C.
Power plant
- D.
Lipid factory
- 16.The golgi apparatus is the ___________ of the cell world.
- A.
Highway
- B.
Protein factory
- C.
Power plant
- D.
Packaging center
- 17.Secretory vesicles in the golgi apparatus contain __________ sent by the granular endoplasmic reticulum, and intend to __________.
- A.
Proteins; secrete proteins to outside of cell
- B.
Lipids; secrete lipids to outside of cell
- C.
Proteins; secrete proteins throughout inside of cell
- D.
Lipids; secrete lipids throughout inside of cell
- 18.The mitochondria serves as the ___________ of the cell world.
- A.
Highway
- B.
Protein factory
- C.
Power plant
- D.
Packaging center
- 19.The mitochondria produces ATP, which is used as __________.
- A.
Messengers between cell membrane and nucleus
- B.
Vesicles to house protein that comes from granular endoplasmic reticulum
- C.
Phagocytes to eat dead cell structures and waste
- D.
Energy for functioning in the cell
- 20.Lysosomes are the ___________ of the cell world.
- A.
Respiratory system
- B.
Digestive system
- C.
Endocrine system
- D.
Skeletal system
- E.
Nervous system
- 21.Filaments form the ____________ of the cell world.
- A.
Digestive system
- B.
Endocrine system
- C.
Skeletal system
- D.
Nervous system
- 22.__________ is to __________ as input is to output.
- A.
Axons; dendrites
- B.
Soma; axons
- C.
Dendrites; axons
- D.
Axons; soma
- 23.The axon hillock is the place where the ________ and ________ join.
- A.
Terminal gap; axon
- B.
Soma; axon
- C.
Axon; dendrite
- D.
Axon; postsynaptic cell
- 24._________ are responsible for secreting neurotransmitters.
- A.
Terminal buttons
- B.
Axons
- C.
Dendrites
- D.
Somas
- 25.__________ hold the neurotransmitters in little bubbles, ready to burst at the terminal buttons when an action potential signals it.
- A.
Astrocytes
- B.
Neuroglia
- C.
Terminal buttons
- D.
Synaptic vesicles
- 26.The most common type of axon/dendrite configuration is a ___________ neuron, with _____ axon(s) and _______ dendrite(s).
- A.
Bipolar; one; many
- B.
Bipolar; one; one
- C.
Multipolar; many; one
- D.
Multipolar; one; many
- 27.Astrocytes, oligodendrocyte, and Schwann cells are all examples of ___________
- A.
Unipolar neurons
- B.
Neuroglia
- C.
Multipolar neurons
- D.
Cell organelles
- 28.The purpose of Astrocytes is to ___________.
- A.
Provide nutrition and physical support to surrounding cells
- B.
Myelinate segments of several neurons
- C.
Serve as phagocytes eating dead and dying neurons
- D.
Myelinate a single segment of a neuron
- 29.The purpose of microglia is to _________.
- A.
Provide nutrition and physical support to surrounding cells
- B.
Myelinate segments of several neurons
- C.
Serve as phagocytes eating dead and dying neurons
- D.
Myelinate a single segment of a neuron
- 30.The purpose of Oligondenrocytes is to __________.
- A.
Provide nutrition and physical support to surrounding cells
- B.
Myelinate segments of several neurons
- C.
Serve as phagocytes eating dead and dying neurons
- D.
Myelinate a single segment of a neuron
- 31.
- A.
Provide nutrition and physical support to surrounding cells
- B.
Myelinate segments of several neurons
- C.
Serve as phagocytes eating dead and dying neurons
- D.
Myelinate a single segment of a neuron
- 32.________ potential can be summed up for a cumulative effect.
- A.
Action
- B.
Temporary
- C.
Gradient
- D.
Semi
- 33.___________ explains why, after several days, sugar left at the bottom of a glass of water distributes itself even throughout the glass.
- A.
Van der waals force
- B.
Diffusion
- C.
Electrostatic pressure
- D.
Conservation of mass
- 34.________ are negative, like the inside of the cell, so they want to get out but they can't because the cell membrane is not permeable to it.
- A.
Anions
- B.
Potassium
- C.
Chlorine
- D.
Sodium
- 35.__________ is positive, unlike the inside of the cell, so electrostatic pressure keeps it concentrated inside the cell.
- A.
Anions
- B.
Potassium
- C.
Chlorine
- D.
Sodium
- 36.___________ is negative, unlike the outside of the cell, so electrostatic pressure keeps it concentrated outside the cell.
- A.
Anions
- B.
Potassium
- C.
Chlorine
- D.
Sodium
- 37._________ is positive, like the outside of the cell, so it wants to move inside the cell but the cell membrane is only somewhat permeable to it and a special pump keeps pushing it back out of the cell.
- A.
Anions
- B.
Potassium
- C.
Chlorine
- D.
Sodium
- 38._________ requires a lot of energy to keep working in a cell, up to 40% of the ATP that the cell produces.
- A.
Mitochondria
- B.
Sodium-Potassium pump
- C.
Nucleus
- D.
Granular Endoplasmic Reticulum
- 39.When the membrane potential is resting at -70mV, the cell is considered ___________.
- A.
Polarized
- B.
Hyperpolarized
- C.
Depolarized
- D.
Repolarizing
- 40.
- A.
At -60mV, the sodium ion channels open up, flooding sodium into the cell membrane and polarizing the cell
- B.
At 0mV, the potassium ion channels open up, the potassium floods out of the cell, the cell stops depolarizing starts repolarizing
- C.
At -70mV, the cell is polarized and neither the sodium nor potassium ion channels are open.
- D.
At -80mV, the cell is considered hyperpolarized and the ion channel corrects the polarization.
- 41.If one were to apply an electrode to a cell but not provide enough electricity to reach the threshold of excitation, what would occur?
- A.
Potassium ion channel would open but not sodium ion channel
- B.
Sodium ion channel would open but not potassium ion channel
- C.
Both ion channels would open, first the sodium and then the potassium
- D.
Nothing would occur
- 42.Why is it important for there to be nodes of Ranvier?
- A.
The action potential would go both directions in the axon and cause a never-ending loop of action potentials
- B.
The axon requires nutrition that would be impossible to attain if there were no gaps in the myelinated sheath
- C.
Action potential would lose strength along the axon and not be able to signal the terminal buttons to activate
- D.
There is no specific reason for nodes of Ranvier; the support cells just can't fit close enough to form no gaps
- 43.___________ is/are necessary because otherwise the action potential at the next node of Ranvier would activate an action potential at the current node of Ranvier.
- A.
Malleable refractory period
- B.
Myelinated sheaths
- C.
Absolute refractory period
- D.
Glial cells
- 44.A more intense stimuli may elicit a __________ graded potential and ultimately ________ action potential.
- A.
More intense; more intense
- B.
More intense; same intensity
- C.
Same intensity; same intensity
- D.
Same intensity; more intense
- 45.Excitatory graded potentials ________________
- A.
Are depolarizing and bring the cell membrane closer to 0mV
- B.
Are hyperpolarizing and bring the cell membrane closer to 0mV
- C.
Are depolarizing and bring the cell membrane further from 0mV
- D.
Are hyperpolarizing and bring the cell membrane further from 0mV
- 46.Rapid depolarization of the cell membrane during an action potential is a result of _________.
- A.
Potassium ion channel gates openning
- B.
Potassium ion channel gates closing
- C.
Sodium ion channel gates openning
- D.
Sodium ion channel gates closing
- 47.______________ contains mitochondria, synaptic vesicles, and cisternae.
- A.
Inter-cellular fluid
- B.
Post-synaptic membrane
- C.
Synaptic cleft
- D.
Pre-synaptic membrane
- 48.Postsynaptic membrane cannot be a __________.
- A.
Dendrite
- B.
Axon
- C.
Soma
- D.
Nucleus
- 49.Which of the following is not an example of postsynaptic potential termination?
- A.
Reuptake
- B.
Enzymatic deactivation
- C.
Release of AchE
- D.
Glial cell clean up
- 50.____________ is the only neurotransmitter that utilizes enzymatic deactivation.
- A.
Acetylcholine
- B.
GABA
- C.
Dopamine
- D.
Seteronin
- 51.One reason for having differential permeability in the blood-brain barrier is ______________.
- A.
So that glial cells from the body can pass through the blood-brain barrier and attempt to repair brain damage in the case of trauma
- B.
So that neurotransmitter information coming from the sensory organs already located in the skull are able to transmit information directly
- C.
So that the area postrema, responsible for vomiting behavior, is able to detect toxic substances
- D.
So that dye used in brain scans is able to permeate the brain and facilitate brain scans
- 52.____________ are receptors that, upon receiving the proper neurotransmitter, activate and open an ion channel.
- A.
Ionotropic receptor
- B.
Metabotropic receptor
- C.
Neurotropic receptor
- D.
Autoreceptor
- 53.__________ are receptors within the cell that respond to neurotransmitters that the cell itself released.
- A.
Ionotropic receptor
- B.
Metabotropic receptor
- C.
Neurotropic receptor
- D.
Autoreceptor
- 54._______ are receptors that, upon being activated by the proper neurotransmitter, activate an enzyme and begin a series of events that opens an ion channel elsewhere in the membrane.
- A.
Ionotropic receptor
- B.
Metabotropic receptor
- C.
Neurotropic receptor
- D.
Autoreceptor
- 55.Neuromodulators are different from neurotransmitters because they ____________.
- A.
Fit in any postsynaptic receptor instead of finding a specific one
- B.
Travel further and disperse more than neurotransmitters
- C.
Are only synthesized by humans and animals do not create them
- D.
Are made of carbohydrates and are able to provide power to the cell it attaches itself to
- 56.Hormones travel through the body through __________________.
- A.
Intracellular fluid
- B.
Intercellular fluid
- C.
Bloodstream
- D.
Filaments forming a cytoskeleton
- 57.The benefit of steroid hormones being lipids is that ______________.
- A.
They can pass through the cell membrane and go directly to the nucelus
- B.
It stops them from being destroyed through reuptake nor enzymatic deactivation
- C.
They can pass through an axon much faster than neurotransmitters
- D.
They can be manufactured by any cell in the body
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