Chapter 6: Diving Physiology
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Chapter 6 of the SSI Divecon course
- 1.Name some symptoms of hypoxia.
- 2.Name some symptoms of hypercapnia.
- 3.Name symptoms of hyperventilation.
- 4.Why does Carbon Monoxide Poisoning lead to hypoxia?
- 5.Name some risk factors of DCS.
- 6.Name some ways to prevent DCS.
- 7.List symptoms of possible DCI
- 8.The two cavities on top of the heart are called _____ .
- 9.The two cavities on the bottom of the heart are called ___.
- 10.These carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the rest of the body.
- A.
Veins
- B.
Arteries
- C.
Capillaries
- D.
Blood
- 11.These carry oxygen-depleted blood back to the heart.
- A.
Blood
- B.
Capillaries
- C.
Arteries
- D.
Veins
- 12.These are smaller blood vessles that connect the other vessels.
- A.
Capillaries
- B.
Veins
- C.
Arteries
- 13.__________________ is the process of gas exchange that occurs in the longs every time you breathe.
- 14.____ Is an inert gas that is not used by the body.
- A.
Oxygen
- B.
Carbon dioxide
- C.
Nitrogen
- 15.Why do we breathe?
- A.
Because we need more oxygen
- B.
To rid ourselves of excess carbon dioxide
- C.
We do so automatically, regardless of any stimulus
- 16.The total volume of air that the lungs can hold is called:
- A.
Tidal Volume
- B.
Total Lung Capacity
- C.
Vital Capacity
- D.
Dead Air Space
- E.
Residual Volume
- 17.The volume of air moved in and out of the lungs during one breath. This changes if at rest or during exertion.
- A.
Dead Air Space
- B.
Vital Capacity
- C.
Tidal Volume
- D.
Total Lung Capacity
- E.
Residual Volume
- 18.The greatest volume of air that can be moved in and out of the lungs in one maximal breath.
- A.
Vital Capacity
- B.
Total Lung Capacity
- C.
Dead Air Space
- D.
Residual Volume
- E.
Tidal Volume
- 19.The volume of air that remains in the lungs after a maximal exhalation.
- A.
Dead Air Space
- B.
Tidal Volume
- C.
Vital Capacity
- D.
Total Lung Capacity
- E.
Residual Volume
- 20.The volume of air that exists in the mouth and windpipe, which is not usable by the respiratory system.
- A.
Total Lung Capacity
- B.
Tidal Volume
- C.
Dead Air Space
- D.
Residual Volume
- E.
Vital Capacity
- 21.A lack of oxygen in the body's tissues is called:
- A.
Hypercapnia
- B.
Lipoid Pnemonia
- C.
Hyperventilation
- D.
Hypoxia
- 22.What might cause hypoxia? Check all that apply.
- A.
Not breathing, such as running out of air or near drowning.
- B.
Ascending too fast
- C.
Tissues cannot process oxygen for some reason.
- D.
Insufficient saftey stops
- 23.When a person is showing signs of hypoxia, give them 100% oxygen.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 24.__________ is an exceess of carbon dioxide in the body's tissues.
- A.
Hypoxia
- B.
Hyperventilation
- C.
Lipid Pnemonia
- D.
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
- E.
Hypercapnia
- 25.____ can occur when divers try to stretch their air supply by skip breathing.
- A.
Hyperventilation
- B.
Hypoxia
- C.
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
- D.
Hypercapnia
- E.
Lipid Pnemonia
- 26.It is necessary to offer a diver 100% oxygen if he is showing signs of hypercapnia.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 27.____ is the result of breathing more than necessary.
- A.
Hyperventilation
- B.
Hypoxia
- C.
Lipid Pnemonia
- D.
Hypercapnia
- E.
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
- 28.New divers may hyperventilate due to anxiety.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 29.___ usually happens when compressed air has been tainted because the compressor drew in its own exhaust.
- A.
Hyperventilation
- B.
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
- C.
Hypercapnia
- D.
Lipid Pnemonia
- 30.Carbon Monoxide Poisoning leads to tissue hypoxia.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 31.If you suspect carbon monoxide poisoning, 100% oxygen should be administered.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 32.___ is caused by breathing air tainted with oil.
- A.
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
- B.
Lipid Pneumonia
- C.
Hypoxia
- D.
Hyperventilation
- E.
Hypercapnia
- 33.Victims of lipid pneumonia require immediate attention at a medical facility.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 34.As a result of ______, on descent, air spaces in the body and in equipment will be compressed.
- A.
Henry's law
- B.
Charles' Law
- C.
Boyle's Law
- D.
Dalton's Law
- 35.A small amount of blood in a diver's mask is a sign of what?
- A.
Sinus squeeze
- B.
Ear Squeeze
- C.
Tooth Squeeze
- D.
Mask Squeeze
- E.
Dry Suit Squeeze
- 36.Due to ____, when you ascend, air will expand and must be released from the lungs. Otherwise, an overexpansion injury can occur.
- A.
Boyle's Law
- B.
Henry's Law
- C.
Charles' Law
- D.
Dalton's Law
- 37.Breath holding while ascending is likely to cause...
- A.
Sinus squeeze
- B.
Pulmonary Barotrauma
- C.
Hypoxia
- D.
A reverse block
- 38.On ascent, if the eustachian tube is blocked, it may cause______
- A.
Pulmonary Barotrauma
- B.
Ear Squeeze
- C.
A reverse block
- D.
Sinus Squeeze
- 39.When a sinus block occurs:
- A.
Descend
- B.
Ascend
- C.
Administer 100% oxygen
- D.
Try to equalize
- E.
Be sure to use your SSI Total DiveLog.
- 40.It is suggested to practice and build skill and confidence before using a dry suit in leadership diving situations.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 41.Besides breath holding on ascent, what other things can cause lung expansion injuries? Check all that apply.
- A.
Bronchitis / chest cold
- B.
Emphhysema
- C.
Asthma
- D.
A cough or sneeze on ascent
- E.
Tuberculosis
- 42.___ is caused by escaped air from the lungs getting into the bloodstream by the capillaries surrounding the alveoli.
- A.
Pneumothorax
- B.
Mediastinal Emphysema
- C.
Subcutaneous Emphysema
- D.
Arterial Gas Embolism
- 43.Pneumothorax is dangerous because escaped air will enter the heart and brain.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 44.A diver suffering from Arterial Gas Embolism will feel terrible, have difficulty breathing, and be noticably different.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 45.___ is caused by air escaping from the lung and becoming trapped between the outer lung covering and the inside of the chest cavity.
- A.
Arterial Gas Embolism
- B.
Pneumothorax
- C.
Mediastinal Emphysema
- D.
Subcutaneous Emphysema
- 46.___ Can cause a lung collapse
- A.
Pneumothorax
- B.
Mediastinal Emphysema
- C.
Arterial Gas Embolism
- D.
Subcutaneous Emphysema
- 47.___ pneumothorax is when air exits the lung on on exhalation (through a hole), but does not re-enter on inhalation.
- 48.____ is when air leaves the lungs and collects in the space around the heart, behind the breastbone.
- A.
Pneumothorax
- B.
Subcutaneous Emphysema
- C.
Arterial Gas Embolism
- D.
Mediastinal Emphysema
- E.
Hypoxia
- 49.___ is when air leaves the lungs and collects around the skin under the neck.
- A.
Arterial Gas Embolism
- B.
Subcutaneous Emphysema
- C.
Pneumothorax
- D.
Mediastinal Emphysema
- E.
Hyperventilation
- 50.___ causes "rice krispies" under the skin.
- A.
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
- B.
Pneumothorax
- C.
Arterial Gas Embolism
- D.
Mediastinal Emphysema
- E.
Subcutaneous Emphysema
- 51.To simplify diagnosis, AGE and DCS should be considered the same, at least initially.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 52.Treatment for all lung expansion injuries is 100% pure oxygen.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 53.Recompression therapy is required treatment for all lung expansion injuries.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 54.In the case of AGE, transport the victim to the nearest recompression chamber.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 55.As a result of _____, nitrogen is absorbed and held in the body's tissues in proportion to the ambient pressure.
- A.
Henry's Law
- B.
Dalton's Law
- C.
Boyle's Law
- D.
Charles' Law
- E.
Archimede's Principle
- 56.At sea level, the average body holds about ___ liter of absorbed nitrogen.
- 57.Decompression sickness is also called
- A.
DCI
- B.
Caisson's Disease
- C.
Arterial Gas Embolism
- D.
The Bends
- 58.In diving medicine terminology, all dives are decompression dives.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 59.____ symptoms include pain, itchy skin, burning sensation, and a marbling of the skin.
- A.
Type II Decompression Sickness
- B.
Mediastinal Emphysema
- C.
Type I Decompression sickness
- D.
Carbon Monoxide poisoning
- E.
Subcutaneous Emphysema
- 60.___ involves the nervous system, and is more serious.
- A.
Type I DCS
- B.
Type II DCS
- 61.For either type of DCS, give 100% oxygen.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 62.Nitrogen narcosis can occur at this depth and beyond
- A.
10 feet
- B.
33 feet
- C.
60 feet
- D.
100 feet
- E.
130 feet
- 63.Give fluids for heat stroke.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 64.If you have asthma, you absolutely should not dive.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 65.All diabetics should be evaluated by a physician before diving.
- A.
True
- B.
False
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