Chapter 15: Exercise
- 1.
After 17 years of long-distance running, Jim Fixx died of coronary artery disease while jogging. He was 52 yrs. old. His experience shows
- A.
The risks as well as the benefits of exercise
- B.
The risks of exercise, even to young, healthy people
- C.
That Fixx did not exercise strenuously enough
- D.
That aerobic exercise is not a good choice for achieving fitness
Correct Answer
A. The risks as well as the benefits of exerciseExplanation
Jim Fixx's death from coronary artery disease while jogging after 17 years of long-distance running highlights the fact that exercise has both risks and benefits. This suggests that engaging in regular physical activity can have positive effects on health, such as improved cardiovascular fitness, but it also carries the potential risk of developing certain health conditions, including coronary artery disease. Therefore, it is important to approach exercise with caution and consider individual health factors when determining the appropriate intensity and duration of physical activity.Rate this question:
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- 2.
The type of exercise that requires the LEAST amount of physical activity is
- A.
Isometric
- B.
Isotonic
- C.
Isokinetic
- D.
Anaerobic
Correct Answer
A. IsometricExplanation
Isometric exercise is a type of exercise that involves static muscle contractions without any movement. It requires the least amount of physical activity because it involves holding a position or pushing against an immovable object, without any dynamic movement or range of motion. Unlike isotonic and isokinetic exercises which involve movement and muscular contractions, isometric exercises focus on static muscle engagement. Anaerobic exercise, on the other hand, refers to high-intensity activities that require short bursts of energy and typically involve isotonic or isokinetic movements.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Isotonic exercise is designed to
- A.
Increase cardiovascular fitness
- B.
Increase lung capacity
- C.
Increase muscle endurance
- D.
Increase muscle strength
Correct Answer
D. Increase muscle strengthExplanation
Isotonic exercise is a type of exercise that involves the contraction and relaxation of muscles through a full range of motion. This type of exercise is specifically designed to increase muscle strength by challenging the muscles to overcome resistance. By performing isotonic exercises regularly, the muscles are gradually strengthened and become more capable of generating force. This is achieved by using weights, resistance bands, or bodyweight exercises that target specific muscle groups. Isotonic exercise also helps to improve overall muscle tone and definition.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Willa is a track star in college. Her specialties are the 100-meter dash and the 200-meter dash. The type of exercise she is receiving during these races is mostly
- A.
Isometric
- B.
Isotonic
- C.
Aerobic
- D.
Anaerobic
Correct Answer
D. AnaerobicExplanation
The type of exercise Willa is receiving during the 100-meter dash and the 200-meter dash is mostly anaerobic. Anaerobic exercise is characterized by short, intense bursts of activity that do not require oxygen. These races are high-intensity and short in duration, causing the body to rely on stored energy sources rather than oxygen. This type of exercise primarily utilizes fast-twitch muscle fibers and helps improve speed, power, and muscular strength.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Tatum was considered a natural athlete in college, but she has not been active since leaving college 10 yrs. ago. Presently, the type of fitness that Tatum probably has
- A.
Dynamic fitness
- B.
Organic fitness
- C.
Both dynamic and organic fitness
- D.
Neither dynamic nor organic fitness
Correct Answer
B. Organic fitnessExplanation
The question states that Tatum was considered a natural athlete in college but has not been active since then. This suggests that Tatum's fitness level is likely to have decreased over the years. "Organic fitness" refers to the natural, innate level of fitness that a person possesses. Therefore, the correct answer is "organic fitness" as Tatum's fitness is likely to be based on her natural abilities rather than any recent physical activity.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Aerobic exercise tends to
- A.
Increase muscle strength
- B.
Decrease resting heart rate
- C.
Decrease resting blood pressure
- D.
Both b and c
Correct Answer
D. Both b and cExplanation
Aerobic exercise is known to have multiple benefits on the body, including increasing muscle strength and decreasing both resting heart rate and resting blood pressure. This type of exercise involves sustained, rhythmic movements that increase the heart rate and improve cardiovascular fitness. As a result, the heart becomes more efficient at pumping blood, leading to a decrease in resting heart rate. Additionally, aerobic exercise helps to relax blood vessels and reduce the resistance to blood flow, resulting in a decrease in resting blood pressure. Therefore, the correct answer is that aerobic exercise tends to both decrease resting heart rate and resting blood pressure.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Bess has moderate weight and good organic fitness. If she begins an aerobic exercise program, she will probably
- A.
Lose 10 to 15 pounds
- B.
Gain 10 to 15 pounds
- C.
Increase lean body weight and decrease body fat
- D.
Decrease lean body weight and increase body fat
Correct Answer
C. Increase lean body weight and decrease body fatExplanation
If Bess begins an aerobic exercise program, it is likely that she will increase her lean body weight and decrease her body fat. Aerobic exercise helps to build muscle and burn fat, leading to an increase in lean body weight and a decrease in body fat. This is because aerobic exercise increases metabolism and promotes muscle growth, resulting in a more toned and fit physique. Therefore, it is expected that Bess will experience these positive changes in her body composition if she starts an aerobic exercise program.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Madison is satisfied with her body composition except for her heavy thighs. Madison can reduce the size of her thighs but keep her upper body if she
- A.
Does leg lifts
- B.
Jogs 3-4 miles a week
- C.
Diets and jogs regularly
- D.
None of these strategies will allow her to reduce her thighs alone
Correct Answer
D. None of these strategies will allow her to reduce her thighs aloneExplanation
The answer "none of these strategies will allow her to reduce her thighs alone" is correct because the question states that Madison is satisfied with her body composition except for her heavy thighs. This implies that she wants to specifically reduce the size of her thighs without affecting the rest of her body. However, all of the given strategies (leg lifts, jogging, dieting and jogging regularly) will result in overall weight loss and body fat reduction, which means that Madison will not be able to reduce her thighs alone without also affecting her upper body.Rate this question:
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- 9.
The emphasis on exercise as a factor in weight control programs has come about because of research that found that
- A.
Exercise elevates metabolism
- B.
Exercise burns more calories than was previously believed
- C.
Exercise acts differently on the muscle tissue of obese people
- D.
Isometric exercise is the most advantageous type
Correct Answer
A. Exercise elevates metabolismExplanation
Exercise elevates metabolism, meaning that it increases the rate at which our bodies burn calories. This is why exercise is emphasized in weight control programs. When we exercise, our metabolism is boosted, leading to a higher calorie burn even after we finish exercising. This is supported by research findings, which have shown that exercise plays a crucial role in weight management. By increasing metabolism, exercise helps individuals maintain a healthy weight or lose weight more effectively.Rate this question:
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- 10.
The Harvard alumni study found that physical activity
- A.
Reduced the risk of heart attack for men who smoked
- B.
Did not reduce the risk of heart attack for men who smoked
- C.
Reduced the risk of heart attack for me with hypertension
- D.
Both a and c
Correct Answer
D. Both a and cExplanation
The Harvard alumni study found that physical activity reduced the risk of heart attack for men who smoked and also reduced the risk of heart attack for men with hypertension. This means that engaging in physical activity can be beneficial for individuals who smoke and those who have hypertension in terms of reducing the risk of heart attack.Rate this question:
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- 11.
A report from the 2000 Toronto symposium concluded that
- A.
Increased BMI was related to a reduction in cardiovascular disease
- B.
Physical activity, but not physical fitness, was related to a reduction in cardiovascular disease
- C.
Physical activity was related to a reduction in cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality
- D.
Physical activity was related to reductions in heart disease but not stroke
Correct Answer
C. Physical activity was related to a reduction in cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortalityExplanation
The report from the 2000 Toronto symposium concluded that physical activity was related to a reduction in cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. This means that engaging in physical activity not only lowers the risk of developing cardiovascular disease but also reduces the risk of death from any cause. The report did not find a significant relationship between physical activity and stroke specifically, but it did establish a clear link between physical activity and a lower risk of heart disease and overall mortality.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Research has found that people who experienced the greatest benefits from physical activity were
- A.
Those who changed from a sedentary to an active lifestyle
- B.
Those who changed from an active to a more active lifestyle
- C.
Women
- D.
Children
Correct Answer
A. Those who changed from a sedentary to an active lifestyleExplanation
The correct answer is "those who changed from a sedentary to an active lifestyle". Research has shown that individuals who transition from a sedentary lifestyle to an active one experience the greatest benefits from physical activity. This change in lifestyle involves incorporating regular exercise and movement into their daily routine, which can lead to improvements in overall health, increased fitness levels, weight management, and reduced risk of chronic diseases.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Research has found that
- A.
Men profit more than women from a regular physical exercise activity program
- B.
Women profit more than men from a regular physical exercise activity program
- C.
Women and men benefit about equally from a regular physical exercise activity program
- D.
Little or no important research has yet to include women
Correct Answer
C. Women and men benefit about equally from a regular physical exercise activity programExplanation
The correct answer is "women and men benefit about equally from a regular physical exercise activity program." This is supported by research, which has found that both women and men experience similar benefits from engaging in regular physical exercise.Rate this question:
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- 14.
The benefits of physical activity are most strongly evident from
- A.
Heart disease
- B.
Injuries
- C.
Cancer
- D.
Young children
Correct Answer
A. Heart diseaseExplanation
Physical activity has been shown to have numerous benefits for heart health. Regular exercise helps to strengthen the heart muscle, improve blood circulation, and lower blood pressure, reducing the risk of heart disease. It also helps to maintain a healthy weight, which is important for heart health. Additionally, physical activity helps to control cholesterol levels and reduce the risk of developing conditions such as high blood pressure and diabetes, which are risk factors for heart disease. Therefore, the benefits of physical activity are most strongly evident in preventing heart disease.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Research indicates that exercise protects against heart disease by
- A.
Raising HDL cholesterol
- B.
Raising total cholesterol
- C.
Lowering total cholesterol
- D.
Lowering LDL cholesterol
Correct Answer
A. Raising HDL cholesterolExplanation
The correct answer is raising HDL cholesterol. Research has shown that exercise can increase the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in the body. HDL cholesterol is often referred to as "good" cholesterol because it helps remove low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol from the arteries, reducing the risk of heart disease. By raising HDL cholesterol levels, exercise can help protect against heart disease.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Young children who exercise regularly
- A.
Do not gain health benefits form their exercise program
- B.
Gain more protection from heart disease than do adolescent children who exercise
- C.
Have lower cholesterol levels that do children with no consistent exercise program
- D.
Receive life-long protection against heart disease
Correct Answer
C. Have lower cholesterol levels that do children with no consistent exercise programExplanation
Young children who exercise regularly have lower cholesterol levels than children with no consistent exercise program. Regular exercise has been shown to have numerous health benefits, including improving cholesterol levels. By engaging in physical activity, young children can reduce their cholesterol levels, which in turn lowers their risk of developing heart disease. This suggests that starting an exercise routine at a young age can provide long-term protection against heart disease.Rate this question:
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- 17.
With regard to physical activity and breast cancer, evidence suggests that a sedentary lifestyle
- A.
Protects against breast cancer
- B.
Is unrelated to breast cancer
- C.
May be more of a risk for some women than for others
- D.
Protects against breast cancer in men but not in women
Correct Answer
C. May be more of a risk for some women than for othersExplanation
Physical activity has been shown to have a protective effect against breast cancer. However, the given answer suggests that this relationship may vary depending on the individual. Some women may be at a higher risk of developing breast cancer if they lead a sedentary lifestyle, while others may not be affected as much. This highlights the importance of considering individual factors when assessing the impact of physical activity on breast cancer risk.Rate this question:
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- 18.
The optimal level of physical activity for someone wanting protection from osteoporosis is
- A.
Moderate amount
- B.
At least 20 miles of jogging per week or its equivalent
- C.
At least 30 miles of running per week or its equivalent
- D.
None
Correct Answer
A. Moderate amountExplanation
The optimal level of physical activity for someone wanting protection from osteoporosis is a moderate amount. This means engaging in regular exercise that is not too intense or too light. Moderate physical activity helps to strengthen bones and prevent bone loss, reducing the risk of osteoporosis. It is important to note that excessive exercise, such as running 20 or 30 miles per week, may actually increase the risk of osteoporosis due to the strain it puts on the bones. Therefore, a moderate amount of physical activity is recommended for optimal bone health.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Researchers have found that physical activity is associated with lower levels of depression
- A.
In moderately depressed individuals
- B.
In people in treatment for depression
- C.
Similar to the effects of cognitive therapy
- D.
All of these
Correct Answer
D. All of theseExplanation
The correct answer is "all of these." This is because researchers have found that physical activity is associated with lower levels of depression in moderately depressed individuals, in people in treatment for depression, and the effects are similar to cognitive therapy.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Research into the effects of exercise on anxiety have generally found that
- A.
Aerobic exercise does not reduce state anxiety
- B.
Weight lifting does not reduce anxiety
- C.
Both aerobic and nonaerobic exercise reduce state anxiety
- D.
Both a and ac are true
Correct Answer
C. Both aerobic and nonaerobic exercise reduce state anxietyExplanation
Research studies have consistently shown that both aerobic and nonaerobic exercise can effectively reduce state anxiety. This means that engaging in any form of exercise, whether it be aerobic activities like running or cycling, or nonaerobic activities like weight lifting, can have a positive impact on reducing anxiety levels. This finding suggests that exercise can be a beneficial strategy for managing and alleviating symptoms of anxiety.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Many authorities have suggested that male obligatory exercisers are analagous to
- A.
Male bulimics
- B.
Female alcoholics
- C.
Male alcoholics
- D.
Female anorexics
Correct Answer
D. Female anorexicsExplanation
The correct answer is female anorexics. This is because both male obligatory exercisers and female anorexics engage in extreme behaviors related to their body image. Male obligatory exercisers feel compelled to exercise excessively in order to maintain a certain physique, while female anorexics restrict their food intake drastically to achieve a thin body. Both groups exhibit an unhealthy obsession with their appearance and engage in behaviors that can be detrimental to their physical and mental health.Rate this question:
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- 22.
Obligatory exercises have more than their share of
- A.
Eating problems
- B.
Divorces
- C.
Cardiovascular problems
- D.
Colon cancers
Correct Answer
A. Eating problemsExplanation
The correct answer is "eating problems". This is because the sentence states that obligatory exercises have "more than their share" of a certain problem. Out of the options given, "eating problems" is the most logical choice as it is commonly associated with exercise and can be exacerbated by the pressure to maintain a certain physique or weight. The other options, such as divorces, cardiovascular problems, and colon cancers, are not typically directly related to obligatory exercises.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Kermit wants to exercise with a minimum of injury. What precautions should he take?
- A.
He should limit exercise to temperatures between 30 degrees and 80 degrees F.
- B.
He should use proper shoes and equipment
- C.
He should use a personal trainer
- D.
He should not bother about any of the above because injury is not likely
Correct Answer
B. He should use proper shoes and equipmentExplanation
Using proper shoes and equipment is important to minimize the risk of injury during exercise. This can provide support, stability, and protection to the feet, ankles, and other parts of the body. Wearing the right shoes can help prevent slips, falls, and other accidents, while using appropriate equipment can ensure proper form and technique, reducing the chances of strains, sprains, or other injuries. By taking these precautions, Kermit can exercise safely and minimize the risk of getting injured.Rate this question:
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- 24.
In general, the minimum amount of exercise necessary for cardiovascular health is about
- A.
20-30 min. of brisk walking or jogging, 5X/week
- B.
30-45 min. of jogging, 5-6X/week
- C.
30-45 min. of jogging, 7X/week
- D.
45-60 min. of jogging, 5-7X/week
Correct Answer
A. 20-30 min. of brisk walking or jogging, 5X/weekExplanation
The correct answer is 20-30 min. of brisk walking or jogging, 5X/week. This is because research has shown that engaging in moderate-intensity aerobic exercise for at least 150 minutes per week, which is equivalent to 20-30 minutes per day for 5 days, can improve cardiovascular health. Brisk walking or jogging are both effective forms of aerobic exercise that can help strengthen the heart and lungs, improve circulation, and reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. This recommendation aligns with the guidelines provided by reputable health organizations such as the American Heart Association.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Programs designed to boost adherence to exercise programs are somewhat successful, but an alternative to such program is
- A.
To allow people to find their own natural level of physical activity, even when that level involves little physical activity
- B.
To incorporate more physical activity into people's lifestyles rather than encourage people to begin and exercise regimen
- C.
To schedule specific times during the day for exercise
- D.
To encourage calistehenics rather than aerobic exercise
Correct Answer
B. To incorporate more physical activity into people's lifestyles rather than encourage people to begin and exercise regimenExplanation
The correct answer suggests that instead of promoting a specific exercise regimen, it is more effective to incorporate more physical activity into people's everyday lives. This approach focuses on making physical activity a natural part of their lifestyles rather than forcing them to follow a structured exercise program. By encouraging individuals to engage in activities that they enjoy and can easily integrate into their routines, they are more likely to adhere to a consistent level of physical activity in the long term.Rate this question:
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