Chap. 1 Criminal Justice Quiz For Justice

A grand jury is a group of jurors who have been selected according to the law and have been sworn to hear the evidence and determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the accused person to trial. They review the evidence presented by the prosecution and decide whether there is enough evidence to formally charge the accused with a crime. The grand jury's decision does not determine guilt or innocence, but rather whether there is enough evidence to proceed with a trial.

Probable cause refers to a set of facts and circumstances that would lead a reasonably intelligent and prudent person to believe that a specific person has committed a particular crime. It is a standard of evidence that is required for law enforcement to make an arrest, conduct a search, or obtain a warrant. Unlike suspicion or information, probable cause requires a higher level of certainty and evidence to support the belief that a crime has been committed. An indictment, on the other hand, is a formal accusation that is issued by a grand jury after determining that there is enough evidence to charge someone with a crime.

Civil Justice refers to the system of laws and procedures that govern private disputes between individuals or organizations. It encompasses civil law, civil procedure, and the various activities and processes involved in seeking remedies for private rights through civil actions. Unlike criminal justice, which deals with offenses against society as a whole, civil justice focuses on resolving conflicts and providing compensation or relief to the aggrieved party. It ensures fairness and equity in resolving civil disputes and upholding individual rights within the legal framework.

An indictment is a formal written accusation submitted to the court by a grand jury, alleging that a specified person has committed a specified offense, usually a felony. It is an important step in the legal process as it initiates a criminal trial against the accused individual. The grand jury carefully reviews the evidence presented by the prosecution and decides whether there is enough evidence to charge the person with the alleged offense. Once an indictment is issued, the accused person will proceed to trial where they will have the opportunity to present their defense and have their case heard by a judge or jury.

Booking is the correct answer because it refers to the law enforcement or correctional administrative process of officially recording an entry into detention after arrest. During the booking process, the person's identity, the place, the time, the reason for the arrest, and the arresting authority are all recorded. This step is essential in the criminal justice system as it helps establish a formal record and ensures that the necessary information is documented for further legal proceedings.

An arraignment is a court hearing where the defendant's identity is established, they are informed of the charges against them and their rights, and they are required to enter a plea. This is typically the first formal step in a criminal case after the arrest. During the arraignment, the defendant can choose to plead guilty, not guilty, or no contest. It is an important stage in the legal process as it ensures that the defendant understands the charges and can respond to them accordingly.

A public-order advocate is someone who believes that in certain situations where there is a criminal threat to public safety, the interests of society should be prioritized over individual rights. This means that they support measures such as stricter law enforcement and limitations on personal freedoms in order to maintain public order and safety. They believe that protecting the well-being of society as a whole is more important than protecting individual rights in these specific circumstances.

The crime-control model is a criminal justice perspective that prioritizes the efficient arrest and conviction of criminal offenders. This perspective believes that the main goal of the justice system should be to control crime and protect society, even if it means sacrificing some individual rights. It emphasizes the importance of swift and efficient procedures, such as quick arrests and trials, in order to deter criminals and maintain public order. This model is often associated with a tough-on-crime approach and a focus on punishment rather than rehabilitation.

An individual order advocate is someone who seeks to protect personal freedoms within the process of criminal justice. This means that they prioritize the rights and liberties of individuals over the needs of society as a whole. They believe in upholding due process and ensuring that individuals are treated fairly and their rights are respected throughout the criminal justice system. This approach focuses on the protection of individual rights and freedoms, rather than maintaining public order or promoting social justice.

This statement suggests that civil justice and social justice are interconnected and cannot be separated from each other. In other words, the fair and equal treatment of individuals within the legal system is closely linked to achieving fairness and equality in society as a whole. This implies that issues of social justice, such as poverty, discrimination, and inequality, have a direct impact on the functioning and effectiveness of civil justice systems. Therefore, the statement is true as it highlights the interdependence between civil justice and social justice.

The correct answer is the due process model. This perspective focuses on protecting the individual rights of those involved in the justice system at every stage. It emphasizes fair treatment, adherence to legal procedures, and ensuring that the accused receive a fair trial. This model aims to prevent wrongful convictions and prioritize the presumption of innocence. It places importance on the rights of the accused and seeks to balance the power of the state with the protection of individual liberties.

The conflict model is a criminal justice perspective that assumes that the system's components function primarily to serve their own interests. This perspective views the criminal justice system as a battleground where different groups and individuals compete for power and resources. It suggests that the system is characterized by inequality, conflict, and struggle for control. In contrast to the consensus model, which assumes that the system works harmoniously to achieve justice, the conflict model highlights the inherent conflicts and tensions within the criminal justice system.

The consensus model of criminal justice assumes that the different components of the system, such as law enforcement, courts, and corrections, work together in harmony to achieve the social product of justice. This perspective views the criminal justice system as a cooperative effort where all parties involved strive to reach a consensus on what is considered just and fair. It emphasizes the importance of cooperation and agreement among the various stakeholders to achieve justice in society.

The correct answer is Trial. In criminal proceedings, a trial is conducted in court to examine the issues of fact and relevant law in a case. The purpose of the trial is to determine whether the defendant should be convicted or acquitted of the charges. During the trial, evidence is presented, witnesses are called, and arguments are made by both the prosecution and defense. The judge or jury then evaluates the evidence and applies the law to reach a verdict.

Social justice refers to the concept of fairness and equality in society, where all individuals have equal access to resources, opportunities, and rights. It is a broad idea that encompasses various aspects of civilized life, including economic, political, and social equality. Social justice is deeply rooted in cultural beliefs about what is right and wrong, and it aims to address systemic injustices and inequalities. It seeks to ensure that everyone is treated fairly and that marginalized and disadvantaged groups are given equal opportunities and protections.