Ch.5 Antigen Recognition By T Lymphocytes

  • AP Biology
  • MCAT
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Quizzes Created: 1 | Total Attempts: 210
| Attempts: 210 | Questions: 92 | Updated: Mar 19, 2025
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1. TAP is a heterodimer.

Explanation

5-10

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About This Quiz
Immunology Quizzes & Trivia

T-cells are is a type of white blood cell that is of key importance to the immune system and is at the core of adaptive immunity. A molecule that is capable of binding to an antibody or to an antigen receptor on a T-cell is defined as an antigen. What... see moredo you know about how an antigen gets recognized by a T-lymphocyte? Take up the quiz to find out. see less

2.
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2. Calnexin is released when the MHC class I heavy chain has bound B2-microglobulin.

Explanation

5-11

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3. P and N nucleotides add to junctional diversity in CDR3 in TCRs.

Explanation

5-2

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4. Antigen presentation is the process

Explanation

Antigen presentation is the process of a pathogen-derived peptide assembling in a MHC molecule complex so that it can be displayed on the cell surface. This process allows the immune system to recognize and respond to the pathogen by presenting the pathogen's antigens to immune cells. By displaying the antigens on the cell surface, the immune system can identify and eliminate the pathogen or activate an immune response against it. This is an important mechanism for the immune system to detect and respond to infections.

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5. Are MHC class I isotypes that are highly polymorphic.

Explanation

5-17

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6. The vast majority of peptides that bind MHC class I are 

Explanation

5-8

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7. MHC II molecules have

Explanation

MHC II molecules have both alpha and beta domains. These domains are responsible for binding to antigen peptides and presenting them to T cells. The alpha and beta domains form a peptide-binding groove where the antigen peptides can bind. This binding is crucial for the activation of the immune response. Therefore, the correct answer is "both a and b" as MHC II molecules possess both alpha and beta domains.

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8. MHC molecules are noncovalently complexed with B2-microglobulin.

Explanation

5-7

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9. The ligand for a TCR is

Explanation

The ligand for a TCR is the combination of peptide and MHC molecule on a cell surface. TCRs (T-cell receptors) are proteins found on the surface of T-cells that recognize and bind to antigens presented by MHC (major histocompatibility complex) molecules. The peptide binds to the MHC molecule, forming a complex that can be recognized by the TCR. This interaction is crucial for T-cells to recognize and respond to foreign antigens, leading to an immune response.

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10. The antigen-recogntion site of T-cell receptors is formed from the 

Explanation

5-1

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11. T-cell receptors are always

Explanation

T-cell receptors are membrane-bound because they are proteins that are embedded in the cell membrane of T-cells. This allows the receptors to interact with antigens presented on the surface of other cells, triggering an immune response. Being membrane-bound is essential for the T-cell receptors to function properly in recognizing and binding to specific antigens.

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12. TCR receptors posses a

Explanation

5-1

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13. RSS genes lie between the V and J genes of a TCR.

Explanation

The statement is true because RSS (recombination signal sequences) genes are indeed located between the V (variable) and J (joining) genes of a TCR (T-cell receptor). These RSS genes play a crucial role in the process of V(D)J recombination, which is responsible for generating the diverse repertoire of T-cell receptors. The RSS genes contain conserved sequences that serve as recognition sites for the recombination machinery, allowing for the rearrangement and joining of V, D, and J gene segments to create functional TCR genes. Therefore, the statement is correct.

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14. Initiation of a cytotoxic CD8 T cell response to a 

Explanation

5-16

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15. HLA class II isotypes differ from class I because of their alpha and beta chains.

Explanation

5-17

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16. Exons in TCRs are separated by introns

Explanation

5-2

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17. The main function of CD4 T cells is to

Explanation

5-6

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18. RBCs lack MHC class I

Explanation

Red blood cells (RBCs) lack major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. MHC class I molecules are proteins found on the surface of most cells in the body and are responsible for presenting antigens to immune cells. However, RBCs do not have MHC class I molecules, which makes them less likely to be recognized and attacked by the immune system. This is important for the function of RBCs, as they transport oxygen throughout the body and any immune response against them could be detrimental. Therefore, the statement that RBCs lack MHC class I is true.

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19. Where does TCR rearrangement occur?

Explanation

5-2

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20. Occurs when endocytosis or phagocytosis of extracellular material form virus-infected cells by professional antigen-presenting cells and its delivery to the MHC class I pathway of antigen presentation rather than to the MHC class II pathway.

Explanation

5-16

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21. The genes that encode the MHC molecules are clustered in the chromosomal region called

Explanation

The correct answer is "the major histocompatibility complex." The MHC molecules are encoded by genes that are clustered in a specific chromosomal region known as the major histocompatibility complex. This complex plays a crucial role in the immune system by encoding proteins that are involved in presenting antigens to T cells, thus determining the compatibility of tissues and organs for transplantation.

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22. Gamma:delta T cells are not restricted to the recognition of peptide antigens associated with MHC molecules.

Explanation

5-5

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23. Pathogen-derived proteins degraded into peptides.

Explanation

Antigen processing refers to the breakdown of pathogen-derived proteins into smaller peptides. This process is crucial for the immune system to recognize and respond to foreign antigens. The peptides generated during antigen processing are then presented on the surface of antigen-presenting cells, such as macrophages or dendritic cells, to be recognized by T cells. This recognition triggers an immune response, leading to the activation of B cells and the production of antibodies. Therefore, antigen processing plays a key role in the adaptive immune response against pathogens.

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24. Main function of CD8 T cells is to

Explanation

5-6

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25. Transports peptides across the ER membrane

Explanation

5-10

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26. MHC class I and II carry self peptides derived from normal human self proteins in the absence of infection.

Explanation

MHC class I and II molecules are responsible for presenting antigens to T cells. In the absence of infection, they carry self peptides derived from normal human self proteins. This is important for the immune system to distinguish between self and non-self antigens. Therefore, the statement that MHC class I and II carry self peptides derived from normal human self proteins in the absence of infection is true.

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27. The differences between MHC molecules of the donor and recipient are the major cause of 

Explanation

The major cause of tissue incompatibility and transplant rejection is the differences between MHC molecules of the donor and recipient. MHC molecules play a crucial role in the immune system by presenting antigens to T cells. When the MHC molecules of the donated tissue do not match the recipient's MHC molecules, it triggers an immune response leading to rejection of the transplant. This is because the recipient's immune system recognizes the donated tissue as foreign and launches an attack to eliminate it.

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28. The TCR B-chain contains only V and D segments.

Explanation

5-2: IT also includes the J gene segment

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29. What releases CLIP?

Explanation

5-13

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30. Cell that contain MHC class II

Explanation

5-15

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31. The TCR a-chain contains V and J segments only.

Explanation

5-2

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32. Which MHC class I isotype is oligomorphic?

Explanation

5-17

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33. A heterodimer means there are 4 structures.

Explanation

Heterodimer means there are 2 structures; ie. TAP1 and TAP2

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34. The inherited diversity of MHC molecules consists of

Explanation

5-17

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35. MHC class I molecules mostly bind nonamer peptides.

Explanation

5-19

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36. The antigen receptor on T cells

Explanation

The T-cell receptor is the correct answer because it is the antigen receptor found on T cells. T cells are a type of white blood cell that play a crucial role in the immune response. The T-cell receptor allows T cells to recognize and bind to specific antigens, which are molecules that can elicit an immune response. This binding triggers a series of events that activate the T cell and initiate an immune response against the antigen. The B-cell receptor, MHC receptor, and MHC II receptor are not antigen receptors on T cells.

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37. Increase the variability in the delta chain.

Explanation

5-5

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38. Proteosomes are only involved with MHC I molecules.

Explanation

Proteosomes are cellular structures responsible for degrading proteins. They play a crucial role in the processing of antigens for presentation on major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I) molecules. MHC I molecules are found on the surface of most nucleated cells and are responsible for presenting intracellular antigens to cytotoxic T cells. Therefore, proteosomes are indeed only involved with MHC I molecules, making the statement true.

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39. T-cell receptor a-chain is located on 

Explanation

5-1

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40. Mechanisms for generating T-cell diversity.

Explanation

5-2

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41. MHC class II molecules will have the invarient chain on them until

Explanation

MHC class II molecules are synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and during their synthesis, they are associated with an invariant chain. This invariant chain helps in the proper folding and stabilization of the MHC class II molecule. However, before MHC class II molecules can be transported to the cell surface to present antigens, they need to undergo a process called peptide loading in specialized compartments called endosomes. During this process, the invariant chain is degraded, and only the peptide-loaded MHC class II molecules are transported to the cell surface for antigen presentation. Therefore, the correct answer is that the MHC class II molecules leave the ER.

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42. How many chains are in a T-cell?

Explanation

5-1

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43. Which is true?

Explanation

5-19

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44. A T cell response is restricted by the MHC type.

Explanation

5-19

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45. The gamma and delta chain loci contain greater V gene segments than the alpha and beta chain loci.

Explanation

5-5

Submit
46. MHC class II molecules bind with peptides of 

Explanation

5-8

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47. Chaperone proteins

Explanation

5-11

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48. MHC class II function by alerting

Explanation

5-15

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49. The region called the MHC.

Explanation

The MHC, or Major Histocompatibility Complex, is a region on chromosome 6 in humans. This region contains a group of genes that play a crucial role in the immune system and are involved in determining the compatibility of tissues for transplantation. These genes code for proteins called human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) that help the immune system recognize self from non-self. Therefore, the correct answer is chromosome 6.

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50. Anchor the peptide to the MHC molecule

Explanation

5-20

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51. Calnexin is

Explanation

5-11

Submit
52. Term used for MHC genes that stand out from other polymorphic genes.

Explanation

5-17

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53. The TCR alpha and beta chain V domains each have

Explanation

5-1

Submit
54. How many alpha and beta chain genes are in the C region of a T-cell?

Explanation

5-2

Submit
55. CLIP 

Explanation

5-13

Submit
56. The CD3 complex contains how many complements?

Explanation

5-4

Submit
57. ERp57and tapasin 

Explanation

5-11

Submit
58. This complex reacts with leukocytes and RBCs.

Explanation

5-17

Submit
59. Which MHC class I isotype is monomorphic?

Explanation

5-17

Submit
60. A potent T cell response that attacks a graft.

Explanation

5-22

Submit
61. How many MHC class I isotypes are there?

Explanation

5-17

Submit
62. When a T-cell is stimulated with antigen, somatic hypermutation occurs.

Explanation

Introduction

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63. The combination of anchor residues that binds to a particular MHC isoform.

Explanation

5-20

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64. Peptides produced within phagolysosomes become

Explanation

Peptides produced within phagolysosomes are bound to MHC class II molecules. MHC class II molecules are found on the surface of antigen-presenting cells and are responsible for presenting peptides derived from phagocytosed pathogens to helper T cells. This interaction is crucial for the activation of the immune response against the pathogen. Therefore, the peptides produced within phagolysosomes become bound to MHC class II molecules.

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65. The particular combination of HLA alleles found on a give chromosome 6.

Explanation

5-18

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66. Which region contains no genes?

Explanation

5-18

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67. How many extracellular domains does an MHC molecule have?

Explanation

5-7

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68. How many MHC class II isotypes are there?

Explanation

5-17

Submit
69. T cells that can respond to complexes of peptide and allogenic MHC class I and II molecules that are present on healthy cells of other individuals.

Explanation

5-22

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70. There is greater diversity in HLA class II than in HLA class I.

Explanation

5-17

Submit
71. The majority of genes in the class I region are not involved in the immune system.

Explanation

5-19

Submit
72. T-cell receptor B chain is located on 

Explanation

5-1

Submit
73. In TCR, P and N nucleotides are inserted in the junctions between

Explanation

5-2

Submit
74. TCR gamma chain resembles

Explanation

5-5

Submit
75. Endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 

Explanation

5-11

Submit
76. Is the immune response due to cross-presentation.

Explanation

5-16

Submit
77. The selective process that acts to maintain a variety of MHC isoforms in the popluation.

Explanation

5-21

Submit
78. Are dominant T cells in epithelial tissue.

Explanation

5-5

Submit
79. The different forms of any given gene 

Explanation

5-17

Submit
80. MHC class I molecules only have alpha 1 and alpha 2 domains.

Explanation

MHC class I molecules are a type of protein found on the surface of cells that play a crucial role in the immune system. These molecules are responsible for presenting antigens to immune cells, which helps in the recognition and elimination of infected or abnormal cells. MHC class I molecules consist of two domains, namely alpha 1 and alpha 2. These domains are involved in binding and presenting antigens to cytotoxic T cells. Therefore, the statement that MHC class I molecules only have alpha 1 and alpha 2 domains is true.

Submit
81. Microglia have MHC I only.

Explanation

They have both MHC classes

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82. All immunological responses occur in region III on chromosome

Explanation

5-17

Submit
83. What is T cell binding called?

Explanation

T cell binding is referred to as "promiscuous" because T cells are able to bind to a wide range of antigens, not just a specific one. This term highlights the ability of T cells to recognize and interact with multiple antigens, allowing for a more diverse immune response.

Submit
84. The TCR a and b chains have very 

Explanation

5-4

Submit
85. How many proteins does the peptide loading complex have?

Explanation

5-11

Submit
86. The human RAG genes are located on chromosome

Explanation

5-3

Submit
87. MHC I and II have polymorphism.

Explanation

5-17

Submit
88. Specialize in making peptides having a hydrophobic or a basic residue at the carboxy terminus, features that enable them to bind to MHC class I molecules.

Explanation

5-10

Submit
89. Self-MHC isoforms are described  as 

Explanation

5-22

Submit
90. The RAG genes have introns that characterize eukaryotic genes.

Explanation

5-3: They are similar to transposons

Submit
91. How many B-pleated sheets are on both classes of MHC molecules?

Explanation

5-14

Submit
92. The invarient chain

Explanation

5-13

Submit
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TAP is a heterodimer.
Calnexin is released when the MHC class I heavy chain has bound...
P and N nucleotides add to junctional diversity in CDR3 in TCRs.
Antigen presentation is the process
Are MHC class I isotypes that are highly polymorphic.
The vast majority of peptides that bind MHC class I are 
MHC II molecules have
MHC molecules are noncovalently complexed with B2-microglobulin.
The ligand for a TCR is
The antigen-recogntion site of T-cell receptors is formed from...
T-cell receptors are always
TCR receptors posses a
RSS genes lie between the V and J genes of a TCR.
Initiation of a cytotoxic CD8 T cell response to a 
HLA class II isotypes differ from class I because of their alpha and...
Exons in TCRs are separated by introns
The main function of CD4 T cells is to
RBCs lack MHC class I
Where does TCR rearrangement occur?
Occurs when endocytosis or phagocytosis of extracellular material form...
The genes that encode the MHC molecules are clustered in the...
Gamma:delta T cells are not restricted to the recognition of peptide...
Pathogen-derived proteins degraded into peptides.
Main function of CD8 T cells is to
Transports peptides across the ER membrane
MHC class I and II carry self peptides derived from normal human self...
The differences between MHC molecules of the donor and recipient are...
The TCR B-chain contains only V and D segments.
What releases CLIP?
Cell that contain MHC class II
The TCR a-chain contains V and J segments only.
Which MHC class I isotype is oligomorphic?
A heterodimer means there are 4 structures.
The inherited diversity of MHC molecules consists of
MHC class I molecules mostly bind nonamer peptides.
The antigen receptor on T cells
Increase the variability in the delta chain.
Proteosomes are only involved with MHC I molecules.
T-cell receptor a-chain is located on 
Mechanisms for generating T-cell diversity.
MHC class II molecules will have the invarient chain on them until
How many chains are in a T-cell?
Which is true?
A T cell response is restricted by the MHC type.
The gamma and delta chain loci contain greater V gene segments than...
MHC class II molecules bind with peptides of 
Chaperone proteins
MHC class II function by alerting
The region called the MHC.
Anchor the peptide to the MHC molecule
Calnexin is
Term used for MHC genes that stand out from other polymorphic genes.
The TCR alpha and beta chain V domains each have
How many alpha and beta chain genes are in the C region of a T-cell?
CLIP 
The CD3 complex contains how many complements?
ERp57and tapasin 
This complex reacts with leukocytes and RBCs.
Which MHC class I isotype is monomorphic?
A potent T cell response that attacks a graft.
How many MHC class I isotypes are there?
When a T-cell is stimulated with antigen, somatic hypermutation...
The combination of anchor residues that binds to a particular MHC...
Peptides produced within phagolysosomes become
The particular combination of HLA alleles found on a give chromosome...
Which region contains no genes?
How many extracellular domains does an MHC molecule have?
How many MHC class II isotypes are there?
T cells that can respond to complexes of peptide and allogenic MHC...
There is greater diversity in HLA class II than in HLA class I.
The majority of genes in the class I region are not involved in the...
T-cell receptor B chain is located on 
In TCR, P and N nucleotides are inserted in the junctions between
TCR gamma chain resembles
Endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 
Is the immune response due to cross-presentation.
The selective process that acts to maintain a variety of MHC isoforms...
Are dominant T cells in epithelial tissue.
The different forms of any given gene 
MHC class I molecules only have alpha 1 and alpha 2 domains.
Microglia have MHC I only.
All immunological responses occur in region III on chromosome
What is T cell binding called?
The TCR a and b chains have very 
How many proteins does the peptide loading complex have?
The human RAG genes are located on chromosome
MHC I and II have polymorphism.
Specialize in making peptides having a hydrophobic or a basic residue...
Self-MHC isoforms are described  as 
The RAG genes have introns that characterize eukaryotic genes.
How many B-pleated sheets are on both classes of MHC molecules?
The invarient chain
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