Ch.5 Antigen Recognition By T Lymphocytes

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| By Lrswimmer17
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  • 1/92 Questions

    TAP is a heterodimer.

    • True
    • False
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Immunology Quizzes & Trivia
About This Quiz

T-cells are is a type of white blood cell that is of key importance to the immune system and is at the core of adaptive immunity. A molecule that is capable of binding to an antibody or to an antigen receptor on a T-cell is defined as an antigen. What do you know about how an antigen gets recognized by See morea T-lymphocyte? Take up the quiz to find out.

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  • 2. 

    Calnexin is released when the MHC class I heavy chain has bound B2-microglobulin.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    5-11

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  • 3. 

    P and N nucleotides add to junctional diversity in CDR3 in TCRs.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    5-2

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  • 4. 

    Antigen presentation is the process

    • Of a pathogen-derived peptide assembling in a MHC molecule complex so that it can be displayed on the cell surface

    • Of pathogen derived peptides being degraded

    • Of removing cells that are self-reactive

    • Of allowing cells to proliferate

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Of a pathogen-derived peptide assembling in a MHC molecule complex so that it can be displayed on the cell surface
    Explanation
    Antigen presentation is the process of a pathogen-derived peptide assembling in a MHC molecule complex so that it can be displayed on the cell surface. This process allows the immune system to recognize and respond to the pathogen by presenting the pathogen's antigens to immune cells. By displaying the antigens on the cell surface, the immune system can identify and eliminate the pathogen or activate an immune response against it. This is an important mechanism for the immune system to detect and respond to infections.

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  • 5. 

    Are MHC class I isotypes that are highly polymorphic.

    • HLA A

    • HLA B

    • HLA C

    • HLA D

    • A, B and C

    Correct Answer
    A. A, B and C
    Explanation
    5-17

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  • 6. 

    The vast majority of peptides that bind MHC class I are 

    • 8-10 amino acids

    • 23-90 amino acids

    • 1 amino acid

    • Highly specific

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. 8-10 amino acids
    Explanation
    5-8

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  • 7. 

    MHC II molecules have

    • Alpha domains

    • Beta domains

    • Zeta domains

    • No domains

    • Both a and b

    Correct Answer
    A. Both a and b
    Explanation
    MHC II molecules have both alpha and beta domains. These domains are responsible for binding to antigen peptides and presenting them to T cells. The alpha and beta domains form a peptide-binding groove where the antigen peptides can bind. This binding is crucial for the activation of the immune response. Therefore, the correct answer is "both a and b" as MHC II molecules possess both alpha and beta domains.

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  • 8. 

    MHC molecules are noncovalently complexed with B2-microglobulin.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    5-7

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  • 9. 

    The ligand for a TCR is

    • Made of only DNA

    • Created when a B-chain is nonproductive

    • The combination of peptide and MHC molecule on a cell surface

    • Carried throughout the blood by a protein carrier

    • Needed to bind to a B-cell

    Correct Answer
    A. The combination of peptide and MHC molecule on a cell surface
    Explanation
    The ligand for a TCR is the combination of peptide and MHC molecule on a cell surface. TCRs (T-cell receptors) are proteins found on the surface of T-cells that recognize and bind to antigens presented by MHC (major histocompatibility complex) molecules. The peptide binds to the MHC molecule, forming a complex that can be recognized by the TCR. This interaction is crucial for T-cells to recognize and respond to foreign antigens, leading to an immune response.

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  • 10. 

    The antigen-recogntion site of T-cell receptors is formed from the 

    • Valpha domain

    • Vbeta domain

    • Vlamda domain

    • Both a and b

    • Vdelta domain

    Correct Answer
    A. Both a and b
    Explanation
    5-1

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  • 11. 

    T-cell receptors are always

    • Nonproductive

    • Self-reactive

    • Membrane bound

    • Released into the cytoplasm

    • Immature

    Correct Answer
    A. Membrane bound
    Explanation
    T-cell receptors are membrane-bound because they are proteins that are embedded in the cell membrane of T-cells. This allows the receptors to interact with antigens presented on the surface of other cells, triggering an immune response. Being membrane-bound is essential for the T-cell receptors to function properly in recognizing and binding to specific antigens.

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  • 12. 

    TCR receptors posses a

    • Nonproductive alpha chain

    • CDR loop that is mutated

    • Single binding site for antigen

    • Noncoding region

    • Immature chain

    Correct Answer
    A. Single binding site for antigen
    Explanation
    5-1

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  • 13. 

    RSS genes lie between the V and J genes of a TCR.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    The statement is true because RSS (recombination signal sequences) genes are indeed located between the V (variable) and J (joining) genes of a TCR (T-cell receptor). These RSS genes play a crucial role in the process of V(D)J recombination, which is responsible for generating the diverse repertoire of T-cell receptors. The RSS genes contain conserved sequences that serve as recognition sites for the recombination machinery, allowing for the rearrangement and joining of V, D, and J gene segments to create functional TCR genes. Therefore, the statement is correct.

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  • 14. 

    Initiation of a cytotoxic CD8 T cell response to a 

    • Virus infection

    • Bacteria infection

    • Sprained ankle

    • Inflammation

    • Cancer

    Correct Answer
    A. Virus infection
    Explanation
    5-16

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  • 15. 

    HLA class II isotypes differ from class I because of their alpha and beta chains.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    5-17

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  • 16. 

    Exons in TCRs are separated by introns

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    5-2

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  • 17. 

    The main function of CD4 T cells is to

    • Help other cells to respond to extracellular sources of infection

    • Kill viral infected cells

    • Degrade peptides of pathogens

    • Select cells for apoptosis

    • Both b and c

    Correct Answer
    A. Help other cells to respond to extracellular sources of infection
    Explanation
    5-6

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  • 18. 

    RBCs lack MHC class I

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    Red blood cells (RBCs) lack major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. MHC class I molecules are proteins found on the surface of most cells in the body and are responsible for presenting antigens to immune cells. However, RBCs do not have MHC class I molecules, which makes them less likely to be recognized and attacked by the immune system. This is important for the function of RBCs, as they transport oxygen throughout the body and any immune response against them could be detrimental. Therefore, the statement that RBCs lack MHC class I is true.

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  • 19. 

    Where does TCR rearrangement occur?

    • Heart

    • Bone marrow

    • Thyroid

    • Lymph node

    • Thymus

    Correct Answer
    A. Thymus
    Explanation
    5-2

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  • 20. 

    Occurs when endocytosis or phagocytosis of extracellular material form virus-infected cells by professional antigen-presenting cells and its delivery to the MHC class I pathway of antigen presentation rather than to the MHC class II pathway.

    • Cross deletion

    • Double presentation

    • Cross presentation

    • Substitution

    • Hypermutation

    Correct Answer
    A. Cross presentation
    Explanation
    5-16

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  • 21. 

    The genes that encode the MHC molecules are clustered in the chromosomal region called

    • The nuceloid region

    • The major histocompatibility complex

    • The germinal center

    • The terminal center

    • The RNA region

    Correct Answer
    A. The major histocompatibility complex
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "the major histocompatibility complex." The MHC molecules are encoded by genes that are clustered in a specific chromosomal region known as the major histocompatibility complex. This complex plays a crucial role in the immune system by encoding proteins that are involved in presenting antigens to T cells, thus determining the compatibility of tissues and organs for transplantation.

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  • 22. 

    Gamma:delta T cells are not restricted to the recognition of peptide antigens associated with MHC molecules.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    5-5

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  • 23. 

    Pathogen-derived proteins degraded into peptides.

    • Antibody processing

    • Antigen processing

    • Antigen editing

    • Antigen deletion

    • Antigen proliferation

    Correct Answer
    A. Antigen processing
    Explanation
    Antigen processing refers to the breakdown of pathogen-derived proteins into smaller peptides. This process is crucial for the immune system to recognize and respond to foreign antigens. The peptides generated during antigen processing are then presented on the surface of antigen-presenting cells, such as macrophages or dendritic cells, to be recognized by T cells. This recognition triggers an immune response, leading to the activation of B cells and the production of antibodies. Therefore, antigen processing plays a key role in the adaptive immune response against pathogens.

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  • 24. 

    Main function of CD8 T cells is to

    • Help other cells respond to extracellular sources of infection

    • Degrade peptides from pathogens

    • Deliver pathogens to primary lymph nodes

    • Kill viral infected cells

    • Kill bacterial infected cells

    Correct Answer
    A. Kill viral infected cells
    Explanation
    5-6

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  • 25. 

    Transports peptides across the ER membrane

    • Proteosomes

    • Immunosupressors

    • DNA recombinase

    • TAP

    • RAG 1

    Correct Answer
    A. TAP
    Explanation
    5-10

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  • 26. 

    MHC class I and II carry self peptides derived from normal human self proteins in the absence of infection.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    MHC class I and II molecules are responsible for presenting antigens to T cells. In the absence of infection, they carry self peptides derived from normal human self proteins. This is important for the immune system to distinguish between self and non-self antigens. Therefore, the statement that MHC class I and II carry self peptides derived from normal human self proteins in the absence of infection is true.

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  • 27. 

    The differences between MHC molecules of the donor and recipient are the major cause of 

    • The involution of the thymus

    • B-cell variation

    • T-cell overload

    • Tissue incompatibility and transplant rejection

    • Organ acceptance

    Correct Answer
    A. Tissue incompatibility and transplant rejection
    Explanation
    The major cause of tissue incompatibility and transplant rejection is the differences between MHC molecules of the donor and recipient. MHC molecules play a crucial role in the immune system by presenting antigens to T cells. When the MHC molecules of the donated tissue do not match the recipient's MHC molecules, it triggers an immune response leading to rejection of the transplant. This is because the recipient's immune system recognizes the donated tissue as foreign and launches an attack to eliminate it.

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  • 28. 

    The TCR B-chain contains only V and D segments.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    5-2: IT also includes the J gene segment

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  • 29. 

    What releases CLIP?

    • HLA-DO

    • HLA-DM

    • HLA-M

    • HLA-P

    • HLA-J

    Correct Answer
    A. HLA-DM
    Explanation
    5-13

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  • 30. 

    Cell that contain MHC class II

    • Dendritic

    • Macrophages

    • B cells

    • T cells

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    5-15

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  • 31. 

    The TCR a-chain contains V and J segments only.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    5-2

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  • 32. 

    Which MHC class I isotype is oligomorphic?

    • HLA C

    • HLA E

    • HLA B

    • HLA G

    • Both E and G

    Correct Answer
    A. Both E and G
    Explanation
    5-17

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  • 33. 

    A heterodimer means there are 4 structures.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    Heterodimer means there are 2 structures; ie. TAP1 and TAP2

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  • 34. 

    The inherited diversity of MHC molecules consists of

    • Gene families

    • Genetic polymorphism

    • Both a and b

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Both a and b
    Explanation
    5-17

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  • 35. 

    MHC class I molecules mostly bind nonamer peptides.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    5-19

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  • 36. 

    The antigen receptor on T cells

    • T-cell receptor

    • B-cell receptor

    • MHC receptor

    • MHC II receptor

    • Both a and b

    Correct Answer
    A. T-cell receptor
    Explanation
    The T-cell receptor is the correct answer because it is the antigen receptor found on T cells. T cells are a type of white blood cell that play a crucial role in the immune response. The T-cell receptor allows T cells to recognize and bind to specific antigens, which are molecules that can elicit an immune response. This binding triggers a series of events that activate the T cell and initiate an immune response against the antigen. The B-cell receptor, MHC receptor, and MHC II receptor are not antigen receptors on T cells.

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  • 37. 

    Increase the variability in the delta chain.

    • Increasing the potential of combinations of gene segments

    • Extra N nucleotides added at the junction between the two D segments

    • Both a and b

    • Deleting variable segments

    • Adding J gene segments

    Correct Answer
    A. Both a and b
    Explanation
    5-5

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  • 38. 

    Proteosomes are only involved with MHC I molecules.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    Proteosomes are cellular structures responsible for degrading proteins. They play a crucial role in the processing of antigens for presentation on major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I) molecules. MHC I molecules are found on the surface of most nucleated cells and are responsible for presenting intracellular antigens to cytotoxic T cells. Therefore, proteosomes are indeed only involved with MHC I molecules, making the statement true.

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  • 39. 

    T-cell receptor a-chain is located on 

    • Chromosome 14

    • Chromosome 21

    • Chromosome 13

    • Chromosome 87

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Chromosome 14
    Explanation
    5-1

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  • 40. 

    Mechanisms for generating T-cell diversity.

    • Gene rearrangements that generate V-region sequence

    • Changes in mRNA splicing

    • Both a and b

    • Changes in tRNA splicing

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Both a and b
    Explanation
    5-2

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  • 41. 

    MHC class II molecules will have the invarient chain on them until

    • They are deleted

    • They are done fighting infection

    • They die

    • They dont have an invarient chain

    • They leave the ER

    Correct Answer
    A. They leave the ER
    Explanation
    MHC class II molecules are synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and during their synthesis, they are associated with an invariant chain. This invariant chain helps in the proper folding and stabilization of the MHC class II molecule. However, before MHC class II molecules can be transported to the cell surface to present antigens, they need to undergo a process called peptide loading in specialized compartments called endosomes. During this process, the invariant chain is degraded, and only the peptide-loaded MHC class II molecules are transported to the cell surface for antigen presentation. Therefore, the correct answer is that the MHC class II molecules leave the ER.

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  • 42. 

    How many chains are in a T-cell?

    • 1

    • 2

    • 4

    • 8

    • 22

    Correct Answer
    A. 2
    Explanation
    5-1

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  • 43. 

    Which is true?

    • Genes are turned on by MHC class II transactivator

    • CIITA is induced by IFN-y

    • LMP2 and LMP7 replace proteasome subunits

    • All of the above

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    5-19

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  • 44. 

    A T cell response is restricted by the MHC type.

    • Peptide-binding motif

    • MHC restriction

    • Anchor residues

    • Balancing selection

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. MHC restriction
    Explanation
    5-19

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  • 45. 

    The gamma and delta chain loci contain greater V gene segments than the alpha and beta chain loci.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    5-5

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  • 46. 

    MHC class II molecules bind with peptides of 

    • 8-10 amino acids

    • 4-9 amino acids

    • 13-25 amino acids

    • 90-999 amino acids

    • 35-67 amino acids

    Correct Answer
    A. 13-25 amino acids
    Explanation
    5-8

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  • 47. 

    Chaperone proteins

    • Aid in the loading of peptides in MHC class I molecules

    • Aid in the deletion of peptides in MHC class II molecules

    • Are not involved in MHC class I and II molecules

    • Deliver a chain of events benefiting apoptosis

    • Remove exons

    Correct Answer
    A. Aid in the loading of peptides in MHC class I molecules
    Explanation
    5-11

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  • 48. 

    MHC class II function by alerting

    • CD8 T cells about the presence of extracellular infection

    • CD4 T cells about the presence of intracellular infection

    • CD8 T cells about the presence of intracellular infection

    • CD4 T cells about the presence of extracellular infection

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. CD4 T cells about the presence of extracellular infection
    Explanation
    5-15

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  • 49. 

    The region called the MHC.

    • Chromosome 6

    • Chromosome 89

    • Chromosome 13

    • Chromosome 23

    • Chromosome 11

    Correct Answer
    A. Chromosome 6
    Explanation
    The MHC, or Major Histocompatibility Complex, is a region on chromosome 6 in humans. This region contains a group of genes that play a crucial role in the immune system and are involved in determining the compatibility of tissues for transplantation. These genes code for proteins called human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) that help the immune system recognize self from non-self. Therefore, the correct answer is chromosome 6.

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  • Mar 19, 2023
    Quiz Edited by
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  • Oct 11, 2009
    Quiz Created by
    Lrswimmer17

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