Ch 12 Biology

40 Questions | By Dominique1.avery

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Mitosis and sister chromatids. 5 phases of division.

Questions and Answers

1.

During ________ both the contents of the nucleus and the cytoplasm are divided.
- A.
  
  Mitotic phase
- B.
  
  Mitosis
- C.
  
  G2
- D.
  
  G1
- E.
  
  S
2.

During ________ the cell grows and replicates both its organelles and its chromosomes
- A.
  
  Cytokinesis
- B.
  
  S
- C.
  
  Mitosis
- D.
  
  Interphase
- E.
  
  G1
3.

What event does NOT take place before the star of mitosis?
- A.
  
  Organelle proliferate
- B.
  
  DNA is replicated
- C.
  
  The nuclear envelope disintegrates
- D.
  
  The parent cell grows
4.

True or False? Mitosis takes place during the M phase, which is the longest phase of the cell cycle.
- A.
  
  True
- B.
  
  False
5.

Which term describes two recently replicated DNA strands that are joined together just before cell division?
- A.
  
  Centromere
- B.
  
  Centrosome
- C.
  
  Sister Chromatid
- D.
  
  Centriole
6.

During which stage of mitosis are chromosome slined up in the center of the cell
- A.
  
  Anaphase
- B.
  
  Telophase
- C.
  
  Metaphase
- D.
  
  Prophase
7.

Which stage of mitosis is characterized by the didintegration of mitotic spindles and the formation of the two new nuclear membranes?
- A.
  
  Metaphase
- B.
  
  Prophase
- C.
  
  Telophase
- D.
  
  Anaphase
8.

To which part of the centromere do mitotic spindle fibers attach during prometaphase
- A.
  
  Microtubule
- B.
  
  Kinetochore
- C.
  
  Chromosome
- D.
  
  Centriole
9.

During which substage of mitosis do sister chromatids break apart and start moving to opposite poles of the cell?
- A.
  
  Telophase
- B.
  
  Metaphase
- C.
  
  Prophase
- D.
  
  Anaphase
10.

Which of the following is a function of the S phase in the cell cycle?
- A.
  
  The separation of sister chromatids
- B.
  
  The sorting of chromosomes
- C.
  
  The synchronization of organelle division
- D.
  
  The synthesis of sister chromatids
11.

The copying of chromosomes occurs during which of the following phases of the cell cycle?
- A.
  
  S pahse
- B.
  
  G2 phase
- C.
  
  M phase
- D.
  
  G1 phase
12.

For the first several divisions of early frog embryos, cells proceed directly from the M phase to the S phase and back to M without gaps. Which of the following is likely to be true about dividing cells in early frog embryos?
- A.
  
  The cells get smaller with each generation
- B.
  
  The cells do not divide by mitosis.
- C.
  
  The number of chromosomes decreases with each generation
- D.
  
  Frog embryos do not have DNA.
13.

True or false? The M phase is characterized by the replication and division of a cell's chromosomes.
- A.
  
  True
- B.
  
  False
14.

If an organism normally has 34 chromosomes, how many molecules of DNA should there be in the G₁ phase of the cell cycle?
- A.
  
  34
- B.
  
  68
- C.
  
  17
- D.
  
  136
15.

Which of the following events would cause the cell cycle to arrest?
- A.
  
  Complete chromosome replication
- B.
  
  Synthesis of cyclins by growth factors and activation of a cyclin-Cdk complex
- C.
  
  Chromosomes lined up along the metaphase plate
- D.
  
  Poor nutrient conditions
16.

Nucleoli are present during _____.
- A.
  
  Interphase
- B.
  
  Metaphase
- C.
  
  Prophase
- D.
  
  Prometaphse
- E.
  
  Anaphase
17.

Cytokinesis often, but not always, accompanies _____.
- A.
  
  Metaphase
- B.
  
  Prometaphase
- C.
  
  Telephase
- D.
  
  Interphase
- E.
  
  Anaphase
18.

Chromosomes become visible during _____.
- A.
  
  Interphase
- B.
  
  Metaphase
- C.
  
  Prometaphase
- D.
  
  Prophase
- E.
  
  Anaphase
19.

Centromeres divide and sister chromosomes become full-fledged chromosomes during _____.
- A.
  
  Telopohase
- B.
  
  Anaphase
- C.
  
  Metaphase
- D.
  
  Prometaphase
- E.
  
  Interphase
20.

Spindle fibers attach to kinetochores during _____.
- A.
  
  Interphase
- B.
  
  Anaphase
- C.
  
  Metaphase
- D.
  
  Telophase
- E.
  
  Prometaphase
21.

During prophase a homologous pair of chromosomes consists of _____.
- A.
  
  Two chromosomes and two chromatids
- B.
  
  One chromosome and four chromatids
- C.
  
  One chromosome and two chromatids
- D.
  
  Four chromosomes and two chromatids
- E.
  
  Two chromosomes and four chromatids
22.

Http://media.pearsoncmg.com/bc/bc_campbell_biology_8/img/activities_quizzes/1211q.swfThis animation illustrates the events of _____.
- A.
  
  Metaphase
- B.
  
  Interphase
- C.
  
  Prophase
- D.
  
  Anaphase
- E.
  
  Telophase
23.

Http://media.pearsoncmg.com/bc/bc_campbell_biology_8/img/activities_quizzes/1212q.swfThis animation illustrates the events of _____.
- A.
  
  Metaphase
- B.
  
  Cytokinesis as it occurs in animal cells
- C.
  
  Prometaphase
- D.
  
  Cytokinesis as it occurs in plant cells
- E.
  
  Prophase
24.

Http://media.pearsoncmg.com/bc/bc_campbell_biology_8/img/activities_quizzes/1213q.swf This animation illustrates the events of _____.
- A.
  
  Anaphase
- B.
  
  Prometaphase
- C.
  
  Interphase
- D.
  
  Prophase
- E.
  
  Telophase
25.

Http://media.pearsoncmg.com/bc/bc_campbell_biology_8/img/activities_quizzes/1214q.swf this illustrates the events of ________.
- A.
  
  Metaphase
- B.
  
  Telophase
- C.
  
  Prophase
- D.
  
  Anaphase
- E.
  
  Prometaphase
26.

Http://media.pearsoncmg.com/bc/bc_campbell_biology_8/img/activities_quizzes/1215q.swf this illustrates the events of ________.
- A.
  
  Cytokinesis as it occurs in plant cells
- B.
  
  Interphase
- C.
  
  Metaphase
- D.
  
  Prometaphase
- E.
  
  Anaphase
27.

Http://media.pearsoncmg.com/bc/bc_campbell_biology_8/img/activities_quizzes/1216q.swf this illustrates the events of _________.
- A.
  
  Metaphase
- B.
  
  Prometaphase
- C.
  
  Anaphase
- D.
  
  Prophase
- E.
  
  Cytokinesis as it occurs in plant cells
28.

Http://media.pearsoncmg.com/bc/bc_campbell_biology_8/img/activities_quizzes/1217q.swf this illustrates the events of ________.
- A.
  
  Telophase
- B.
  
  Metaphase
- C.
  
  Prophase
- D.
  
  Anaphase
- E.
  
  Prometaphase
29.

Which of the following is a function of meiosis but not mitosis in eukaryotes?
- A.
  
  Production of animal gametes
- B.
  
  Repair of damaged organs
- C.
  
  Cell replacement
- D.
  
  Asexual reproduction
- E.
  
  Growth
30.

A human bone marrow cell, in prophase of mitosis, contains 46 chromosomes. How many chromatids does it contain
- A.
  
  92
- B.
  
  23
- C.
  
  46
- D.
  
  23 or 46, depending on the portion of prophase examined
- E.
  
  46 or 92, depending on the portion of prophase examined
31.

It is difficult to observe individual chromosomes with a light microscope during interphase because _____.
- A.
  
  They leave the nucleus and are dispersed to other parts of the cell
- B.
  
  Sister chromatids do not pair up until division starts
- C.
  
  The DNA has not been replicated yet
- D.
  
  They have uncoiled to form long, thin strands
- E.
  
  The spindle must move them to the metaphase plate before they become visible
32.

The kinetochores _____.
- A.
  
  Of each spindle interdigitate at the cell's equator and then move apart, causing the cell to elongate
- B.
  
  Are the primary centromere structures that maintain the attachment of the sister chromatids prior to mitosis
- C.
  
  Attach to the ring of actin along the cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membrane, causing the actin to contract to form the cleavage furrow
- D.
  
  Are sites at which microtubules attach to chromosomes
- E.
  
  Are located at the center of the centrosome; their function is to organize tubulin into elongated bundles called spindle fibers
33.

Which of the following correctly matches a phase of the cell cycle with its description?
- A.
  
  S: immediately precedes cell division
- B.
  
  G2: cell division
- C.
  
  M: duplication of DNA
- D.
  
  G1: follows cell division
- E.
  
  All of the above are correctly matched.
34.

In some organisms such as certain fungi and algae, cells undergo the cell cycle repeatedly without subsequently undergoing cytokinesis. What would result from this?
- A.
  
  Inability to duplicate DNA
- B.
  
  Large cells containing many nuclei
- C.
  
  Division of the organism into many cells, most lacking nuclei
- D.
  
  A decrease in chromosome number
- E.
  
  A rapid rate of gamete production
35.

Which of the following is/are difference(s) between the fission of a bacterium and mitosis in human cells?
- A.
  
  Duplicated bacterial chromosomes attach to the plasma membrane. Duplicated human chromosomes are attached to each other.
- B.
  
  Bacteria are smaller and simpler than human cells.
- C.
  
  Human chromosomes are larger and more complex.
- D.
  
  A bacterium has only one chromosome, human chromosomes are paired.
- E.
  
  All of the above are differences between the fission of a bacterium and human cell division.
36.

Cytochalasin B is a chemical that disrupts microfilament formation. This chemical would interfere with _____.
- A.
  
  Formation of the mitotic spindle
- B.
  
  Binary fission
- C.
  
  Cleavage
- D.
  
  Formation of the cell plate
- E.
  
  DNA replication
37.

Cells will usually divide if they receive the proper signal at a checkpoint in the _____ phase of the cell cycle
- A.
  
  Cytokinesis
- B.
  
  M
- C.
  
  G2
- D.
  
  G1
- E.
  
  S
38.

A benign tumor, but not a malignant tumor, is one in which the cancerous cells _____.
- A.
  
  Have an unusual number of chromosomes
- B.
  
  Migrate from the initial site of transformation to other organs or tissues
- C.
  
  Remain confined to their original site
- D.
  
  Are the result of the transformation of normal cells
- E.
  
  Can divide indefinitely if an adequate supply of nutrients is available
39.

Which of these is NOT a carcinogen?
- A.
  
  UV light
- B.
  
  Testosterone
- C.
  
  Cigarette smoke
- D.
  
  Fat
- E.
  
  All of the above are carcinogens
40.

_____ is a carcinogen that promotes colon cancer.
- A.
  
  Fat
- B.
  
  UV light
- C.
  
  Estrogen
- D.
  
  A virus
- E.
  
  Testosterone

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