Cell Injury Death And Adaptation Quiz Questions With Answers

Adaptive cell responses like aplasia (the failure of an organ or tissue to develop or to function normally) and atrophy (the decrease in size and function of a cell, tissue, or organ) are indeed potentially reversible processes. These changes occur in response to alterations in the environment, such as decreased workload, loss of innervation, diminished blood supply, or inadequate nutrition, and can often be reversed if the underlying condition is corrected.

Hypoxia is the most common cause of cell injury because it refers to a lack of oxygen supply to the cells. Without sufficient oxygen, cells are unable to carry out their normal functions and can become damaged or die. Hypoxia can occur due to various reasons such as reduced blood flow, respiratory diseases, or high altitudes. It is a common cause of cell injury in various organs and tissues, leading to cellular dysfunction and potentially organ failure.

Gangrenous necrosis is the most likely term to describe necrosis that occurs as a result of vascular occlusion and affects the lower extremities. Gangrenous necrosis refers to the death of tissue due to a lack of blood supply, typically caused by blockage or damage to blood vessels. This condition often leads to tissue decay, discoloration, and a foul odor. Given that the necrosis is occurring in the lower extremities and is a consequence of vascular occlusion, gangrenous necrosis is the most appropriate term to describe the condition.

Pigment accumulation (lipofuscin, hemosiderin, melanin, ...) is not a sign of irreversible cell injury. Pigments such as lipofuscin, hemosiderin, and melanin can accumulate in cells as a result of normal aging or certain pathological conditions, but their presence alone does not indicate irreversible damage to the cell. On the other hand, severe membrane damage, lysosomal rupture, pyknosis (shrinkage and increased basophilia of the nucleus), and karyolysis (dissolution of the nucleus) are all characteristic features of irreversible cell injury.

p53 controls apoptosis, without this tumor suppressor protein inducing apoptosis, there would be less programmed cell death occurring.

Skeletal muscle can last for hours after an ischemic injury. Neurons have the shortest lifetime.

Slide 68-69

The mixture of lipofuscin accumulation and atrophy of an organ can be referred to as brown atrophy. (Slide 64)

Intradermal nevi fall into the category of dysplasia. Dysplasia refers to the abnormal development or growth of cells or tissues. Intradermal nevi are benign skin growths that occur in the dermis layer of the skin. They are characterized by the presence of disorganized and abnormal cells, which is a hallmark of dysplasia.

There will be an influx of calcium and sodium due to the breakdown of the ATP pumps. This means that potassium will efflux more (potassium has a tendency to exit the cell)