Carroll High School Biology 1

The correct answer is "A well-tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations." This answer accurately describes a scientific theory as a comprehensive explanation that has been extensively tested and is supported by a wide range of observations. It distinguishes a theory from a hypothesis, which is a tentative explanation that is yet to be tested. It also differentiates a theory from the conclusion of an experiment, which is a specific result obtained from a single experiment. Lastly, it clarifies that a theory is not the first step in a controlled experiment, but rather the result of numerous experiments and observations.

Bacteria is a decomposer because it breaks down dead organic matter and recycles nutrients back into the ecosystem. Decomposers play a vital role in the food chain by breaking down dead plants and animals, releasing nutrients that can be used by other organisms. While twigs, foxes, and birds are all organisms, they do not possess the ability to decompose organic matter like bacteria does.

An inference is a logical interpretation of an observation. When we make an inference, we draw a conclusion based on the information we have observed or gathered. It involves using reasoning and logical thinking to make an educated guess or interpretation about something. Inferences help us make sense of the world around us and can be based on both qualitative and quantitative data. They are an important part of critical thinking and problem-solving, allowing us to make informed decisions and predictions based on the available evidence.

When you shake sugar and sand together in a test tube, they do not chemically react with each other to form a compound. Instead, they remain as separate substances but are physically mixed together. Therefore, the correct answer is a mixture.

One meter is equal to 1000 millimeters. This is a conversion factor used to convert between the two units of length. Since 1 meter is equal to 1000 millimeters, it means that if we have a measurement in meters, we can multiply it by 1000 to get the equivalent measurement in millimeters.

Sexual reproduction is the correct answer because it involves the fusion of two cells, one from each parent, to form a new organism. This process combines genetic material from both parents, leading to genetic variation in the offspring. Homeostasis refers to the ability of an organism to maintain internal stability, while development refers to the growth and maturation of an organism. Asexual reproduction involves the production of offspring without the involvement of gametes or the fusion of cells.

The positively charged particle in an atom is the proton. Protons are found in the nucleus of an atom and carry a positive charge. They are equal in number to the number of electrons in a neutral atom, determining the atomic number and the identity of the element. Neutrons are neutral particles, electrons are negatively charged particles, and ions are atoms or molecules with a net electric charge.

Lipids are molecules made up of glycerol and fatty acids. They are a diverse group of compounds that include fats, oils, and waxes. Starches, proteins, sugars, and nucleic acids are not composed of glycerol and fatty acids, making lipids the correct answer in this case.

A food chain is a sequence of steps in which energy is transferred from one organism to another through the consumption of food. In this scenario, the large fish is consuming the small fish, which in turn has consumed algae. This represents a linear pathway of energy flow, making it a food chain. A food web, on the other hand, is a more complex representation of interconnected food chains within an ecosystem. A pyramid of numbers and biomass pyramid are different types of ecological pyramids that represent the number of organisms or the amount of biomass at each trophic level in an ecosystem, respectively.

A biomass pyramid is a graphical representation that shows the total mass of living tissue at each trophic level in an ecosystem. It represents the amount of biomass (organic matter) present in each level, with producers at the bottom and top-level consumers at the top. The biomass pyramid is a useful tool for understanding the flow of energy and nutrients in an ecosystem, as it demonstrates the decreasing amount of biomass as you move up the food chain. This pyramid helps to illustrate the importance of producers in supporting higher trophic levels and the overall balance of the ecosystem.

Sodium chloride is not an organic molecule found in living organisms. Organic molecules are characterized by the presence of carbon atoms, which sodium chloride does not contain. Proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids are all examples of organic molecules that play important roles in biological processes. Sodium chloride, on the other hand, is a simple inorganic compound composed of sodium and chlorine ions and is commonly known as table salt.

A covalent bond is formed when two atoms share electrons. In this type of bond, both atoms contribute one or more electrons to form a shared electron pair. This sharing allows both atoms to achieve a more stable electron configuration, similar to the noble gases. The other options, such as transfer, gaining, or losing of electrons, are characteristic of ionic bonds, where electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another.

When an ecosystem is limited by a single nutrient that either is scarce or cycles very slowly, this substance is called a limiting nutrient. Limiting nutrients are essential elements that are in short supply and can restrict the growth and productivity of organisms in an ecosystem. They play a crucial role in controlling the overall productivity and diversity of an ecosystem. The availability of limiting nutrients can influence the abundance and distribution of species within an ecosystem.

The manipulated variable in this experiment was the size of the containers. The researcher investigated the effect of container size on two groups of fruit flies. One group was kept in a 0.5-L container, while the other group was kept in a 1-L container. By manipulating the size of the containers, the researcher aimed to determine if container size had any impact on the fruit flies' behavior, reproduction, or any other relevant factors. The other options listed, such as time in days, number of flies, difference in time per group, and number of groups studied, are not the manipulated variable in this experiment.

The given combination of particle and charge is correct because a proton is indeed positively charged. Protons are subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom and they carry a positive charge. On the other hand, electrons are negatively charged and neutrons have no charge. Therefore, the correct combination is Proton: Positively Charged.

Autotrophs are organisms that use energy they take in from the environment to convert inorganic molecules into complex organic molecules. This means that autotrophs are able to produce their own food through processes like photosynthesis or chemosynthesis, without relying on other organisms for their energy and food supply. They are self-sustaining and can convert simple inorganic substances into complex organic compounds, which are essential for their growth and survival.

Based on the information provided, it can be concluded that the reaction rate increases with increasing enzyme concentration. This is because the enzyme catalyst speeds up the chemical reaction, and the amount of oxygen given off is an indication of the rate of the reaction. As the concentration of the catalase enzyme increases, more enzyme molecules are available to catalyze the reaction, leading to a faster rate of oxygen production. Therefore, there is a direct relationship between enzyme concentration and reaction rate.

An acid is a compound that produces hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water. These hydrogen ions make the solution acidic. Acids typically have a sour taste and can corrode metals. Examples of common acids include hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4).

Homeostasis is the correct answer because it refers to the process by which organisms maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in the external environment. It involves various physiological mechanisms that regulate temperature, pH, blood pressure, and other factors to ensure optimal functioning of the body. Homeostasis is crucial for the survival and proper functioning of all living organisms.

This statement about the image is not an observation because it is making an inference or assumption about the insect's pattern indicating its poisonous nature. Observations are based on direct sensory information, while this statement is drawing a conclusion based on the pattern's appearance.

The statement "the worm is 2 cm long" is a quantitative observation because it provides a specific measurement of the worm's length in centimeters. This type of observation involves numerical data and precise measurements, allowing for objective analysis and comparison.

The correct answer suggests that the availability of space affects the growth of a fly population. This can be inferred from the information given in the graph, which may show a correlation between the size of the population and the amount of available space. If there is more space, the population is likely to grow larger, while less space may limit the population's growth. This inference is based on the assumption that flies require space to reproduce and thrive.

In a controlled experiment, only one variable is tested at a time. This is done to ensure that any changes or effects observed can be attributed to that specific variable, while keeping all other variables constant. By isolating and manipulating one variable, scientists can accurately determine its impact on the outcome of the experiment. This helps in establishing cause-and-effect relationships and drawing valid conclusions from the experiment.

The correct answer is Phosphorus Cycle. Unlike the other three cycles, the Phosphorus Cycle does not involve a stage where the chemical enters the atmosphere. Phosphorus is mainly found in rocks and minerals, and it is released into the environment through weathering and erosion. It then cycles through the soil, water bodies, and living organisms. However, it does not have a gaseous phase like carbon dioxide in the Carbon Cycle or nitrogen in the Nitrogen Cycle, and it does not evaporate and condense like water in the Water Cycle.

Based on the table, the puppy's mass increased by 3 kg from month 2 to month 3, and then increased by 5 kg from month 3 to month 4. Therefore, the statement "The puppy's increase in mass during month 4 was greater than 4 kg" is true.

A community refers to a group of different species that live together in a definite area. It is a term used in ecology to describe the interactions and relationships between different organisms within a specific habitat. A community consists of populations of different species that coexist and interact with each other, forming complex ecological networks. This term is used to understand the dynamics and functioning of ecosystems, as well as the impacts of various factors on the interactions between species.

In a chemical reaction, a reactant binds to an enzyme at a specific region called the active site. This is where the reaction takes place and the reactant is transformed into a product. The active site provides a suitable environment for the reactant to interact with the enzyme, allowing the reaction to occur at a faster rate. The enzyme acts as a catalyst, facilitating the reaction without being consumed in the process. Therefore, the correct answer is Active Site.

Polymerization is a chemical reaction where small molecules called monomers join together to form larger molecules called polymers. Therefore, in polymerization, complex molecules are formed by the joining together of monomers. Macromolecules and polymers are already complex molecules, so they are not formed in the process of polymerization. Carbohydrates are a type of macromolecule, but they are not specifically mentioned in relation to polymerization in the question.

Climate refers to the average, year-after-year conditions of temperature and precipitation within a particular region. It encompasses long-term patterns and trends in weather, including variations in temperature, humidity, wind patterns, and precipitation levels. Climate is influenced by factors such as latitude, altitude, proximity to bodies of water, and the presence of mountains or other geographical features. It provides a broader understanding of the typical weather conditions in a region, allowing for predictions and planning based on long-term patterns.

The correct answer is "The total amount of matter decreases over time." This statement is not true because matter is recycled in the biosphere through biogeochemical cycles. These cycles involve the transformation and reuse of molecules, allowing water and nutrients to pass between organisms and the environment. The lack of a specific nutrient can also reduce primary productivity. However, the total amount of matter in the biosphere remains relatively constant as it is continuously recycled and reused.

The given answer is "The owner conducted a controlled experiment." This statement is not true because there is no mention of any controlled variables or experimental conditions in the given information. The owner simply recorded the mass of the puppy at different ages and observed the change in mass over time. This does not meet the criteria for a controlled experiment, where variables are manipulated and controlled to test a hypothesis.

Nucleotides consist of a phosphate group, a nitrogenous base, and a 5-Carbon Sugar. The 5-Carbon Sugar is an essential component of nucleotides, as it forms the backbone of the DNA and RNA molecules. It provides stability and structure to the nucleotide, allowing for the formation of the DNA double helix or the RNA single strand. Without the 5-Carbon Sugar, nucleotides would not be able to form the necessary bonds and interactions to carry out their functions in genetic information storage and protein synthesis.

Adhesion refers to the attraction between different substances. It is the ability of two different substances to stick or bond together. This phenomenon occurs due to the intermolecular forces between the molecules of the two substances. Adhesion is responsible for various natural processes, such as water sticking to the surface of a leaf or a liquid rising up in a narrow tube. It plays a crucial role in many everyday situations, such as when glue adheres to two surfaces or when water adheres to the walls of a glass.

Enzymes are biological catalysts that increase the rate of chemical reactions in living organisms. They achieve this by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur. Activation energy is the energy needed to start a reaction, and by reducing this energy barrier, enzymes enable the reaction to happen more quickly. This is done by providing an alternative pathway with a lower activation energy, allowing more molecules to have sufficient energy to react. Therefore, the correct answer is lowering the activation energy.

The correct answer is All 3. This is because all three processes mentioned in the options - biological processes, geochemical processes, and mixed biogeochemical processes - participate in the carbon cycle. Biological processes, such as photosynthesis, involve the uptake of carbon dioxide by plants and other organisms. Geochemical processes, such as the release of gas from volcanoes, release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Mixed biogeochemical processes, such as the formation of fossil fuels, involve the long-term storage of carbon in the Earth's crust. Therefore, all three processes contribute to the cycling of carbon through the carbon cycle.

The greenhouse effect refers to the trapping of heat in the Earth's atmosphere by certain gases, such as carbon dioxide. This trapped heat leads to an increase in temperature, which is why the correct answer is temperature. The greenhouse effect does not directly cause an increase in water or oxygen levels, although it can indirectly affect them through changes in climate patterns.

The correct answer is All 3. This means that all three types of consumers - carnivores, omnivores, and detritivores - are included in addition to herbivores. This suggests that herbivores are not the only type of consumer, and there are other organisms that consume different types of food sources such as meat, plants, and decaying organic matter.

Isotopes of the same element differ in the number of neutrons and mass. Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. This difference in the number of neutrons leads to a difference in the mass of the isotopes. Therefore, the correct answer is "In number of neutrons and mass."

Nutrients move through an ecosystem in biogeochemical cycles. These cycles involve the movement of nutrients such as carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus between the biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) components of the ecosystem. These cycles include processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and nutrient uptake by plants. The movement of nutrients through these cycles is essential for the functioning and sustainability of ecosystems.

Reactants are the substances that participate in a chemical reaction and are transformed into products. In order for a chemical reaction to occur, the reactants must overcome a certain energy barrier called activation energy. Lowering the activation energy makes it easier for the reactants to reach the necessary energy level to initiate the reaction. Therefore, the presence of reactants in a chemical reaction is essential for lowering the activation energy and facilitating the reaction.

The correct answer is "Change nitrogen gas into ammonia." In the nitrogen cycle, certain bacteria called nitrogen-fixing bacteria convert nitrogen gas (N2) from the atmosphere into ammonia (NH3). This process is known as nitrogen fixation and is essential for plants to obtain nitrogen, as they cannot directly use atmospheric nitrogen. Ammonia is then further converted into other nitrogen compounds, such as nitrites and nitrates, by other bacteria in the soil. These compounds are then taken up by plants and used to synthesize proteins and other essential molecules.

Sunlight and chemical energy are both sources of energy for Earth's living things. Sunlight is essential for photosynthesis, the process by which plants convert sunlight into chemical energy. This chemical energy is then passed on to other organisms through the food chain. Chemical energy is also obtained through the breakdown of organic molecules during cellular respiration, which provides energy for all living cells. Therefore, the correct answer is II. and III.

The correct answer is "A maggot is part of the life cycle of a fly." This answer is correct because spontaneous generation refers to the outdated belief that living organisms can arise from nonliving matter. However, we now know that living things only arise from other living things through reproduction. A maggot, which is the larval stage of a fly, is a living organism that is part of the life cycle of a fly.

A group of individuals belonging to a single species that lives together in a defined area is called a population. This term specifically refers to a group of organisms of the same species that interact with one another and have the potential to interbreed. On the other hand, the biosphere refers to the sum of all ecosystems on Earth, including all living organisms and their interactions with the physical environment.