Carbohydrate Metabolism Lecture Questions

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1. What is the process that occurs in the presence of oxygen called?

Explanation

Aerobic respiration is the process that occurs in the presence of oxygen.

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Carbohydrate Metabolism Lecture Questions - Quiz

Are you looking for the important lecture questions on carbohydrate metabolism? Here, we have a quiz that includes the topic of carbohydrate metabolism to check your knowledge of... see morethe same. Carbohydrate metabolism is the basic fundamental biochemical process in living organisms that is responsible for the metabolic formation, breakdown, and interconversion of carbohydrates. It ensures the supply of energy to all living cells. If you want to see if you really know about this process or not, try the quiz below.
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2. Gluconeogenesis is most important?

Explanation

Overnight fasting releases glucagon in amounts which stimulate glycogenolysis. Prolonged fasting and depletion of glycogen stores results in activation of gluconeogenesis.

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3. The primary source of energy (ATP) under conditions of oxygen limitation in tissues is?

Explanation

Anaerobic glycolysis produces 2 ATP per glucose metabolized. Lactate is the product formed from pyruvate to allow cycling of NAD+.

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4. An important allosteric regulator of gluconeogenesis is fatty-acyl-CoA.

Explanation

Fatty-acyl-CoA’s are substrates for beta oxidation in mitochondria (catabolism). Acetyl-CoA is a 2 carbon substrate attached to CoA which serves as the allosteric effector of pyruvate carboxylase.

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5. High free fatty acids are a hallmark of metabolic syndrome, a common precondition of Type II diabetes. High circulating fatty acids chronically cause modified phosphorylation on the intracellular domain of the insulin receptor, with reduced PI3K and reduced GLUT4 activity. How is low GLUT4 activity relevant to diabetes?

Explanation

GLUT translocases have primary responsibility for glucose transport in liver. There are other glucose translocases, not influenced by insulin under normal circumstances.

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6. In anaerobic respiration, the end product is _____________.

Explanation

In anaerobic respiration, the end product is ethyl alcohol and CO2.

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7. The most important allosteric regulator of glycolysis is fructose 1,6-bisphosphate.

Explanation

Fructose 2,6 bisphosphate controls PFK-1 activity (activates) allosterically. It also regulates Fructose 1, 6 bisphosphatase by comp. inhibition. (Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate is a glycolytic intermediate, not an enzyme effector).

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8. Several inborn errors of carbohydrate metabolism can cause fasting hypoglycemia. The most severe fasting hypoglycemia has to be expected in deficiencies of:

Explanation

Both gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis result in the formation of glucose-6-phosphate, which can be converted to free glucose by only one enzyme found in the liver: Glucose-6-phosphatase.

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9. Ischemic tissues have an increased rate of glycolysis. Most of this is not fueled by extracellular supply of glucose, but rather by locally stored glycogen that is degraded in response to ischemia. This response depends on the activation of glycogen phosphorylase by:

Explanation

AMP activates the activity of glycogen phosphorylase in muscle tissues. Divalent calcium is also a similar allosteric effector of glycogen phosphorylase in liver.

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10. Number of hepatic translocases and/or enzymes which could be responsible for an observed failure of a patient to convert cytosolic glucose-6-phosphate into intracellular free glucose?

Explanation

At least five ‘proteins or enzymes’, many more genes are involved because some of the translocases are multi-subunit, derived from multiple genes.

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What is the process that occurs in the presence of oxygen called?
Gluconeogenesis is most important?
The primary source of energy (ATP) under conditions of oxygen...
An important allosteric regulator of gluconeogenesis is...
High free fatty acids are a hallmark of metabolic syndrome, a common...
In anaerobic respiration, the end product is _____________.
The most important allosteric regulator of glycolysis is fructose...
Several inborn errors of carbohydrate metabolism can cause fasting...
Ischemic tissues have an increased rate of glycolysis. Most of this is...
Number of hepatic translocases and/or enzymes which could be...
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