Renal Supraren Anat Abdom Art MCQ's

The arcuate artery is located at the corticomedullary junction of the kidney. It is a branch of the interlobular artery and runs along the boundary between the renal cortex and medulla. It gives rise to the interlobular arteries, which supply blood to the renal cortex. The other options mentioned are also arteries in the kidney, but they are not specifically located at the corticomedullary junction.

The damaged celiac artery would result in inadequate blood supply to the spleen. The celiac artery is responsible for supplying blood to various organs in the abdomen, including the spleen. Since the patient has lost a large amount of blood, it is likely that the damaged artery is causing reduced blood flow to the spleen, leading to inadequate blood supply to this organ.

The correct answer is the Interlobular artery. Afferent arterioles branch off directly from the Interlobular artery in the kidney. The Interlobular artery is responsible for supplying blood to the renal cortex and is located between the arcuate artery and the interlobar artery.

The short gastric arteries are the branches of the splenic artery that supply blood to the fundus and upper part of the greater curvature of the stomach. In this scenario, the large tumor mass is impinging on the splenic artery and its branches. Therefore, it is most likely that the short gastric arteries, being branches of the splenic artery, would be affected by the pressure on the splenic artery.

The correct answer is "The aorta enters the abdomen in front of the T12 vertebra." This is because the aorta passes through the diaphragm and enters the abdomen at the level of the T12 vertebra. This is an anatomical fact that is important for understanding the location and course of the abdominal aorta in relation to other structures in the abdomen.

Ureter is inferior to artery and vein. it is also posterior. Therefore this must be a right kidney, lying on its posterior surface.

The right inferior phrenic artery needs to be clamped to stop the bleeding without causing too much collateral ischemia. This is because the right suprarenal gland receives its blood supply from the superior, middle, and inferior suprarenal arteries, as well as the right inferior phrenic artery. Since the middle suprarenal artery and the inferior renal artery have already been ligated, clamping the right inferior phrenic artery would effectively stop the bleeding without compromising the blood supply to other important structures in the area.

The given statement that the right renal vein is longest accurately describes the renal veins. The renal veins drain blood from the kidneys into the inferior vena cava (IVC), and the right renal vein is typically longer than the left renal vein due to the position of the IVC being slightly to the right of the midline. Therefore, the right renal vein being the longest is a correct characteristic of the renal veins.

The renal arteries do not freely anastomose with one another. An anastomosis is a connection or communication between two blood vessels. However, the renal arteries do not typically form direct connections with each other. Instead, they branch off from the abdominal aorta and provide blood supply to the kidneys.

The left kidney lies posterior to the tail of the pancreas. This means that the left kidney is positioned behind the tail of the pancreas in the abdominal cavity.

A blockage of the superior segmental artery, posterior segmental artery, or inferior segmental artery can cause the symptoms described. The patient's sudden onset of low-back pain without radiation, accompanied by nausea and vomiting, suggests a possible kidney infarct. The presence of blood in the urine drainage bags further supports this diagnosis. The renal infarct is likely caused by a blockage in the arteries supplying the affected areas of the kidney. Therefore, the correct answer is Superior segmental, posterior segmental, inferior segmental.

The renal plexus contains parasympathetic (vagal) fibers that innervate the upper ureter. These fibers are responsible for the peristaltic contractions that help the renal stone to pass, providing relief from the extreme pain experienced in renal colic.

The left gastric and esophageal veins would contribute to bypassing the obstruction in portal hypertension. These veins form collateral vessels that allow blood to flow from the portal vein to the systemic circulation, bypassing the liver. This is known as portosystemic collateral circulation and helps to alleviate the increased pressure in the portal-hepatic vascular bed caused by the obstruction.

The correct answer is Sigmoid and superior rectal arteries. These two arteries provide a weak anastomosis around the critical point of Sudek, which is important in preventing ischemia induced necrosis of the sigmoid colon during a colonectomy procedure. By understanding the circulation around this area, the surgeon can ensure proper blood supply to the sigmoid colon and prevent complications.

The right renal artery does not give rise to the right gonadal artery. The right gonadal artery typically arises from the abdominal aorta, separate from the renal artery.