Block 5 Anatomy Wk 1 From Ta's W Xpl

Herpes Zoster is usually stored at the level of a singular nerve root, and outbreaks can affect any of the branches of the trigeminal nerve. If they specifically affect V1, the patient will experience visual defects.

The Hypoglossal Nerve exits via the Hypoglossal Canal

The Foramen Spinosum contains the Middle meningeal artery and vein and meningeal branch of CN V3. **Note that answer choice B is not correct because the “mandibular” branch of CN V3 runs through the Foramen Ovale

Epidural hematoma symptoms usually have an acute onset (loss of consciousness) as well as a lens shaped appearance. Subdural hematomas have a chronic evolution and give a ‘crescent moon’ shape, loss of consciousness normally takes weeks to occur. Subarachnoid hemorrhages have no mass effect and patient usually presents with “worst headache of my life”

The Middle Meningeal Artery travels through the Foramen Spinosum. The hematoma formed is an Epidural Hematoma.

The supratrochlear and supraorbital arteries are branches from the Internal Carotid Artery.

The Pterion is the junction of greater wing of the sphenoid, temporal, frontal, and parietal bones. It overlies the middle meningeal artery.

The Orbicularis oris main actions are tonus closes oral fissure; phasic contraction of compressing and protruding the lips (kissing) or resisting distension (when blowing).

Cranial nerves IX, X, and XI as well as the internal jugular vein exit via the Jugular Foramen. The Abducens Nerve (CN VI) exits via the Superior Orbital Fissure. The Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) exits via the Hypoglossal Canal. (M&D pg. 833)

The Platysma is innervated by Marginal Mandibular branch of the Facial Nerve (CN VII). All other answer choices are innervated by the Trigeminal Nerve CN V3.

Thrombophlebitis of the cavernous sinus is commonly due to an infected thrombus from the facial vein extending into the cavernous sinus. It may affect the abducent nerve as it traverses the sinus and may also affect the nerves embedded within the lateral wall of the sinus. (M&D pg. 876)

The Buccinator muscle is innervated by the Facial Nerve, specifically the marginal mandibular branch. The Masseter, Anterior Belly of the Digastric muscle and Tensor tympani are innervated by the Trigeminal nerve. The Stylopharyngeus muscle is innervated by the Glossopharyngeal nerve.

The Lingual nerve lies anterior to the Inferior Alveolar nerve. It is sensory to the anterior two thirds of the tongue, the floor of the mouth, and the lingual gingivae. It is joined by the Chorda tympani nerve (branch of CN VII) which carries taste fibers from the anterior two thirds of the tongue. (M&D pg. 921)

The Levator labii superioris is responsible for dilation of the mouth, retraction (elevation) and/or evert the upper lip and deepen nasolabial sulcus (showing sadness).

Battle’s Sign is also called mastoid ecchymosis, which is indicative of a fracture in the middle cranial fossa of the skull. It may suggest underlying brain trauma. Battle’s sign consist of bruising over the mastoid process, due to extravasation of blood along the path of the posterior auricular artery.

The occipital and the superficial temporal artery are contributions from the external carotid and the supratrochlear and supraorbital are contributions from the internal carotid

CN II passes through the optic foramen of the middle fossa into the optic canal along with the opthalmic artery.

Oculomotor Nerve Palsy can result from a herniation, cavernous sinus fracture, aneurysm, etc… Patients present with Mydriasis (dilated pupil), Ptosis (dropping eyelid), eye turns down and out, and ipsilateral loss of pupillary reflex.