Human Body Quiz: Anatomy L3 Mock Exam

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  • 1/40 Questions

    Which hormone can become less effective if the body is over-exposed to fat and sugar as part of a poor diet?

    • Thyroxine
    • Relaxin
    • Insulin
    • Oestrogen 
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About This Quiz

Are you familiar with anatomy? Could you answer these questions? Anatomy is a type of study concerning the human parts and the relationship they share. Fundamental knowledge of anatomy provides basic knowledge about the mystery of the human body. It imparts theoretical and practical wisdom. An understanding of anatomy is crucial for the practice of medicine and health. If you take this quiz, you will not regret it.

Human Body Quiz: Anatomy L3 Mock Exam - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    What is the process involving myosin and actin that creates muscle contraction known as?

    • Sliding filament theory

    • All or none law

    • Action reaction theory

    • Action potential law

    Correct Answer
    A. Sliding filament theory
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "Sliding filament theory". The sliding filament theory explains the process of muscle contraction involving the interaction between myosin and actin filaments. According to this theory, during muscle contraction, the myosin filaments slide along the actin filaments, causing the sarcomeres (basic units of muscle contraction) to shorten. This results in the overall shortening of the muscle fibers, leading to muscle contraction.

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  • 3. 

    What does hyperlordosis increase the risk of?

    • Low back pain

    • Frozen shoulder

    • Upper back pain

    • Abdominal obesity 

    Correct Answer
    A. Low back pain
    Explanation
    Hyperlordosis is an excessive inward curvature of the lower spine, causing the lower back to arch excessively. This condition can increase the risk of low back pain. The exaggerated curvature puts additional stress on the structures of the lower back, including the muscles, ligaments, and discs. This increased stress can lead to discomfort and pain in the lower back region. Therefore, hyperlordosis is associated with an increased risk of low back pain.

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  • 4. 

    If a client wants to specifically train the creatine phosphate system, how long should his or her planned interval sessions be for optimum results

    • 5-10 seconds

    • 30-40 seconds

    • 60-180 seconds

    • 240-300 seconds 

    Correct Answer
    A. 5-10 seconds
    Explanation
    For optimum results in training the creatine phosphate system, the client should have planned interval sessions that last 5-10 seconds. This system provides immediate energy for short bursts of intense activity, such as weightlifting or sprinting. By training within this time frame, the client can effectively target and improve their creatine phosphate system, leading to increased power and strength during explosive movements.

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  • 5. 

    What might occur if exercise intensity and volume are progressed rapidly?

    • Increased DOMS

    • Increased blood pooling

    • Decreased DOMS

    • Decreased blood pooling

    Correct Answer
    A. Increased DOMS
    Explanation
    If exercise intensity and volume are progressed rapidly, it can lead to increased DOMS (Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness). DOMS is the muscle pain and stiffness that occurs after engaging in unfamiliar or intense physical activity. Rapidly increasing the intensity and volume of exercise can cause muscle tissue damage, resulting in inflammation and soreness. This is why increased DOMS is a likely outcome in this scenario.

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  • 6. 

    What are the valves that prevent back flow of blood between the heart chambers called?

    • Atrioventricular 

    • Ventrioatrial

    • Ventricoarterial

    • Artioarterial 

    Correct Answer
    A. Atrioventricular 
    Explanation
    The valves that prevent backflow of blood between the heart chambers are called atrioventricular valves. These valves are located between the atria and ventricles and include the tricuspid valve on the right side of the heart and the mitral valve on the left side of the heart. They open to allow blood to flow from the atria to the ventricles and close to prevent blood from flowing back into the atria when the ventricles contract.

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  • 7. 

    What is the role of the mouth in digestion?

    • Elimination

    • Perisalsis

    • Mastication

    • Storage

    Correct Answer
    A. Mastication
    Explanation
    Mastication refers to the process of chewing food in the mouth. It is an important role in digestion as it helps break down food into smaller pieces, increasing the surface area for enzymes to act upon. This process also mixes saliva with the food, which contains enzymes that begin the breakdown of carbohydrates. Mastication ultimately makes it easier for the food to be swallowed and further digested in the stomach and intestines.

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  • 8. 

    What is an action of the levator scapulae?

    • Scapular elevation

    • Shoulder flexion

    • Scapular protraction

    • Shoulder extension 

    Correct Answer
    A. Scapular elevation
    Explanation
    The action of the levator scapulae is scapular elevation. This means that the levator scapulae muscle is responsible for lifting or raising the scapula (shoulder blade) upwards towards the ear. This action is important for various movements of the shoulder and neck, such as shrugging the shoulders or tilting the head to the side.

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  • 9. 

    Which energy system does long slow distance training improve the efficiency of?

    • Lactate system

    • Creatine phosphate system

    • Aerobic system

    • ATP system

    Correct Answer
    A. Aerobic system
    Explanation
    Long slow distance training improves the efficiency of the aerobic system. This type of training involves low to moderate intensity exercises performed for an extended period of time, typically lasting more than 30 minutes. During this type of training, the body primarily relies on oxygen to produce energy, which is supplied by the aerobic system. By consistently training the aerobic system, it becomes more efficient at utilizing oxygen and converting it into energy, allowing individuals to perform endurance activities for longer durations without fatigue.

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  • 10. 

    Which fibre gives ligaments and tendons their flexibility?

    • Elastin

    • Relaxin

    • Haemoglobin

    • Collagen 

    Correct Answer
    A. Elastin
    Explanation
    Elastin is the correct answer because it is a protein found in connective tissues such as ligaments and tendons. It is responsible for providing elasticity and flexibility to these tissues, allowing them to stretch and recoil without tearing or breaking. Elastin works in conjunction with collagen, another protein, to provide strength and support to these structures. Relaxin is a hormone that helps with the relaxation and stretching of ligaments during pregnancy, while haemoglobin is a protein found in red blood cells that carries oxygen.

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  • 11. 

    When the rectus abdominis is the agonist, what is the antagonist?

    • Transverse abdominis

    • Erector spinae

    • External obliques

    • Lower trapezius 

    Correct Answer
    A. Erector spinae
    Explanation
    When the rectus abdominis is the agonist, the antagonist is the erector spinae. The rectus abdominis is responsible for flexing the spine, while the erector spinae is responsible for extending the spine. These two muscles work in opposition to each other to create movement and stability in the spine.

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  • 12. 

    Which injury is most likely to be caused by an explosive and uncontrolled change in direction?

    • Osteoarthritis

    • Cruciate ligament sprain

    • Serratus anterior tear

    • IT band syndrome 

    Correct Answer
    A. Cruciate ligament sprain
    Explanation
    An explosive and uncontrolled change in direction can put excessive stress on the knee joint, leading to a cruciate ligament sprain. The cruciate ligaments, which are located inside the knee joint, help to stabilize the joint and prevent excessive forward and backward movement of the shin bone. When there is a sudden change in direction, such as during explosive movements or sports activities, the cruciate ligaments can become stretched or torn, resulting in a sprain. This is why a cruciate ligament sprain is the most likely injury to be caused by an explosive and uncontrolled change in direction.

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  • 13. 

    Which system's role is to maintain homeostasis using chemical messengers to create the desired response in target cells?

    • Nervous system

    • Endocrine system

    • Digestive system

    • Circulatory system 

    Correct Answer
    A. Endocrine system
    Explanation
    The endocrine system is responsible for maintaining homeostasis by using chemical messengers called hormones to create the desired response in target cells. Hormones are released into the bloodstream by various glands in the endocrine system and travel to specific target cells where they bind to receptors and initiate a response. This system regulates many bodily functions such as metabolism, growth and development, reproduction, and response to stress. Unlike the nervous system, which uses electrical signals, the endocrine system relies on hormones to communicate and coordinate the body's internal environment.

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  • 14. 

    What type of exercise would help a moderate hypertensive normalise their blood pressure over a period of time?

    • Heavy weight training

    • Isometric exercise

    • Maximal strength training 

    • Endurance exercise 

    Correct Answer
    A. Endurance exercise 
    Explanation
    Endurance exercise would help a moderate hypertensive individual normalize their blood pressure over time. Endurance exercises such as jogging, swimming, or cycling can improve cardiovascular health, increase heart and lung function, and lower blood pressure. These exercises involve sustained, rhythmic movements that improve the efficiency of the cardiovascular system and promote overall cardiovascular fitness. Regular endurance exercise can lead to long-term reductions in blood pressure, making it an effective choice for managing hypertension.

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  • 15. 

    What detects tension and begins the process of autogenic inhibition?

    • Muscle spindles 

    • Inhibitory neuron

    • Excitatory neuron

    • Golgi tendon organs 

    Correct Answer
    A. Golgi tendon organs 
    Explanation
    Golgi tendon organs detect tension in the muscles and initiate the process of autogenic inhibition. Autogenic inhibition is a protective mechanism that prevents excessive force and potential damage to the muscles. When the Golgi tendon organs detect high tension, they send inhibitory signals to the muscles, causing them to relax and reduce the force being exerted. This helps to prevent injury and maintain the integrity of the muscles and tendons.

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  • 16. 

    If cardiac output increases as a consequence of increased aerobic exercise intensity, what takes place to prevent the increase of diastolic blood pressure?

    • Vasodilation

    • Increased venous return 

    • Lower heart rate

    • Vasoconstriction 

    Correct Answer
    A. Vasodilation
    Explanation
    During increased aerobic exercise intensity, the body requires more oxygen and nutrients to be delivered to the muscles. To meet this demand, the blood vessels in the muscles dilate, allowing more blood to flow through them. This vasodilation helps to decrease the resistance to blood flow and prevent an increase in diastolic blood pressure. It allows for efficient delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the muscles, while also promoting the removal of waste products, such as carbon dioxide. Therefore, vasodilation is the correct answer as it helps to maintain a stable diastolic blood pressure during increased exercise intensity.

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  • 17. 

    What type of training would help to develop the recruitment of motor units in an alternating sequence for an extended length of time?

    • Maximal strength

    • Muscular endurance

    • Power

    • Hypertrophy 

    Correct Answer
    A. Muscular endurance
    Explanation
    Muscular endurance training would help to develop the recruitment of motor units in an alternating sequence for an extended length of time. Muscular endurance refers to the ability of muscles to repeatedly exert force over a prolonged period. This type of training involves performing exercises with low to moderate intensity and high repetitions. By consistently challenging the muscles with prolonged contractions, the recruitment of motor units in an alternating sequence is enhanced, leading to improved muscular endurance.

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  • 18. 

    Which muscle increases its synergistic action when the hand position is narrowed in a press-up?

    • Biceps brachii

    • Latissimus dorsi

    • Triceps brachii

    • Pectoralis major

    Correct Answer
    A. Triceps brachii
    Explanation
    When the hand position is narrowed in a press-up, the triceps brachii muscle increases its synergistic action. This means that the triceps brachii works more effectively with other muscles to perform the press-up movement. The triceps brachii is responsible for extending the elbow joint, and when the hands are closer together, it requires more activation of the triceps brachii to push the body up from the ground.

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  • 19. 

    How are hormones transported?

    • Via the lymphatic system 

    • Via the nervous system

    • Via the digestive system

    • Via the circulatory system

    Correct Answer
    A. Via the circulatory system
    Explanation
    Hormones are transported via the circulatory system because they are secreted by endocrine glands into the bloodstream. Once in the bloodstream, hormones can travel throughout the body to reach their target organs or tissues. The circulatory system, which consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood, acts as a transportation network for hormones to be delivered to their specific destinations. This allows hormones to exert their effects on various physiological processes and maintain homeostasis in the body.

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  • 20. 

    Where does blood-flow into the coronary arteries come from?

    • Aorta

    • Right ventricle

    • Coronary sinus

    • Vena cava

    Correct Answer
    A. Aorta
    Explanation
    Blood flow into the coronary arteries comes from the aorta. The coronary arteries branch off from the aorta, which is the main artery that carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body. The coronary arteries supply oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle itself, allowing it to function properly. Therefore, blood flowing from the aorta into the coronary arteries is essential for maintaining a healthy heart.

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  • 21. 

    What detects changes in muscle tension above a certain threshold level?

    • Muscle spidles

    • Motor units

    • Motor neurons

    • Golgi tendon organs

    Correct Answer
    A. Golgi tendon organs
    Explanation
    Golgi tendon organs detect changes in muscle tension above a certain threshold level. These sensory receptors are located in the tendons and are sensitive to the tension produced by muscle contraction. When the tension exceeds a certain level, Golgi tendon organs send signals to the central nervous system, which then regulates muscle contraction to prevent damage. They play a crucial role in maintaining muscle integrity and preventing excessive force generation.

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  • 22. 

    What two structures does the serratus anterior attach together?

    • The medial border of the scapula to the upper ribs

    • The lateral border of the scapula to the lower ribs

    • The thoracic vertebrae to the upper ribs

    • ​​​​​​​The lateral border of the scapula to the humerus

    Correct Answer
    A. The medial border of the scapula to the upper ribs
    Explanation
    The serratus anterior attaches the medial border of the scapula to the upper ribs.

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  • 23. 

    Which of the following is responsible for the narrowing of arteries associated with atherosclerosis?

    • Vasoconstriction 

    • Vasodilation 

    • Development of smooth muscle

    • Development of plaques 

    Correct Answer
    A. Development of plaques 
    Explanation
    Atherosclerosis is a condition characterized by the buildup of plaque in the arteries, leading to their narrowing. Plaques are made up of cholesterol, fat, calcium, and other substances that accumulate on the inner walls of the arteries. As these plaques grow, they cause the arteries to become narrower, reducing blood flow. Therefore, the development of plaques is responsible for the narrowing of arteries associated with atherosclerosis.

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  • 24. 

    Which valves prevent back flow of blood between the lower and upper chambers of the heart?

    • Semilunar

    • Sinoatrial 

    • Atrioventricular 

    • Ventricoarterial 

    Correct Answer
    A. Atrioventricular 
    Explanation
    The atrioventricular valves prevent backflow of blood between the lower and upper chambers of the heart. These valves are located between the atria and ventricles and include the tricuspid valve on the right side of the heart and the mitral valve on the left side of the heart. When the ventricles contract, these valves close to prevent blood from flowing back into the atria, ensuring that blood flows in one direction through the heart.

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  • 25. 

    Which energy system has a fuel that is completely recycled, leaving no by-products?

    • Lactate 

    • Anaerobic glycolysis 

    • Aerobic 

    • Creatine phosphate

    Correct Answer
    A. Creatine phosphate
    Explanation
    Creatine phosphate is a high-energy molecule that is used as a rapid source of energy during short bursts of intense physical activity. It is able to quickly regenerate ATP, the primary energy source for cells, without producing any by-products. This means that the fuel, creatine phosphate, is completely recycled and no waste products are left behind. In contrast, the other energy systems mentioned (lactate, anaerobic glycolysis, and aerobic) all produce by-products such as lactate or carbon dioxide as a result of energy production.

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  • 26. 

    What is the function of the cell body and nucleus in a neuron?

    • To speed up action potentials

    • To pick up action potentials

    • To regulate cell activity 

    • To release neurotransmitters

    Correct Answer
    A. To regulate cell activity 
    Explanation
    The cell body and nucleus in a neuron play a crucial role in regulating cell activity. They are responsible for maintaining the overall functioning and health of the neuron. The nucleus contains the genetic material and controls the synthesis of proteins necessary for cell activity. The cell body, also known as the soma, integrates and processes incoming signals from other neurons. It also houses various organelles that support cell metabolism and energy production. Therefore, the cell body and nucleus work together to ensure the proper functioning and regulation of the neuron.

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  • 27. 

    How can physical activity benefit the health of the digestive system?

    • Reduced insulin sensitivity 

    • Increased blood sugar

    • Reduced risk of gastrointestinal cancers

    • Increased absorption of protein

    Correct Answer
    A. Reduced risk of gastrointestinal cancers
    Explanation
    Physical activity can benefit the health of the digestive system by reducing the risk of gastrointestinal cancers. Regular exercise has been shown to have a protective effect against various types of cancers, including those affecting the digestive system. It helps to maintain a healthy weight, improve digestion, and enhance the immune system, all of which contribute to reducing the risk of developing gastrointestinal cancers. Additionally, exercise promotes regular bowel movements, which can prevent constipation and other digestive issues that may increase the risk of developing cancer in the gastrointestinal tract.

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  • 28. 

    What can be used to re-synthesise ATP when using the anaerobic lactate energy system?

    • Fatty acids 

    • Glycogen

    • Creatine

    • Water 

    Correct Answer
    A. Glycogen
    Explanation
    Glycogen can be used to re-synthesize ATP when using the anaerobic lactate energy system. Glycogen is a stored form of glucose in the muscles and liver, and it can be broken down through a process called glycogenolysis to release glucose molecules. These glucose molecules can then enter the anaerobic lactate energy system and undergo glycolysis to produce ATP. Therefore, glycogen serves as a fuel source for ATP production during anaerobic exercise.

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  • 29. 

    What response does the inverse stretch reflex initiate in a muscle?

    • Contraction and shortening 

    • Contraction and lengthening 

    • Relaxation and shortening 

    • Relaxation and lengthening 

    Correct Answer
    A. Relaxation and lengthening 
    Explanation
    The inverse stretch reflex initiates relaxation and lengthening in a muscle. This reflex is activated when a muscle is stretched beyond its normal range, causing the muscle to relax and lengthen in order to prevent injury. This reflex helps to maintain muscle tone and prevent muscles from becoming overly contracted or strained.

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  • 30. 

    Which process enables the full contraction of an agonist by inhibiting the antagonist?

    • Autogenic inhibition

    • Myogenic inhibition

    • Reciprocal inhibition 

    • Isometric inhibition 

    Correct Answer
    A. Reciprocal inhibition 
    Explanation
    Reciprocal inhibition is the process that enables the full contraction of an agonist by inhibiting the antagonist. This process involves the simultaneous relaxation of the antagonist muscle when the agonist muscle contracts. It allows for smooth and coordinated movement by preventing the antagonist muscle from interfering with the contraction of the agonist muscle.

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  • 31. 

    Which arteries branch from the base of the aorta to supply blood to the heart?

    • Superior and inferior coronary arteries 

    • Left and right coronary arteries

    • Superior and inferior myocardial arteries

    • Left and right myocardial arteries 

    Correct Answer
    A. Left and right coronary arteries
    Explanation
    The left and right coronary arteries branch from the base of the aorta to supply blood to the heart. These arteries are responsible for delivering oxygenated blood to the heart muscle, ensuring its proper functioning.

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  • 32. 

    Which joint action occurs in the sagittal plane?

    • Lateral flexion 

    • Abduction 

    • Medial rotation

    • Extension 

    Correct Answer
    A. Extension 
    Explanation
    Extension is the joint action that occurs in the sagittal plane. The sagittal plane divides the body into left and right halves, and extension refers to the movement that increases the angle between two body parts. In this case, extension would involve the straightening or opening up of a joint in the sagittal plane. Lateral flexion, abduction, and medial rotation are movements that occur in different planes and are not specific to the sagittal plane.

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  • 33. 

    During a bent-over row, what role is longissimus playing?

    • Agonist

    • Fixator

    • Synergist

    • Antagonist 

    Correct Answer
    A. Fixator
    Explanation
    During a bent-over row, the longissimus muscle is playing the role of a fixator. A fixator muscle helps to stabilize a joint or body part during movement, preventing unwanted motion or rotation. In this exercise, the longissimus muscle helps to stabilize the spine and maintain proper posture while the primary muscles involved in the rowing movement, such as the latissimus dorsi and rhomboids, perform the main work.

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  • 34. 

    How can physical activity benefit the health of the digestive system?

    • Muscular assistance with peristalsis 

    • Increased absorption of protein 

    • Improved co-ordination of smooth muscle 

    • Reduced insulin sensitivity 

    Correct Answer
    A. Muscular assistance with peristalsis 
    Explanation
    Physical activity can benefit the health of the digestive system by providing muscular assistance with peristalsis. Peristalsis is the process of muscle contractions that helps move food through the digestive system. Regular physical activity can help strengthen the muscles involved in peristalsis, making the process more efficient and aiding in digestion.

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  • 35. 

    What is the term used to describe the rupture of a narrowed artery wall during the later stages of atherosclerosis where connective tissue and cholesterol become exposed?

    • Plaques

    • Lesions

    • Clots

    • Thrombosis

    Correct Answer
    A. Lesions
    Explanation
    During the later stages of atherosclerosis, the artery wall becomes narrowed due to the buildup of connective tissue and cholesterol. When this narrowed artery wall ruptures, the connective tissue and cholesterol become exposed, leading to the formation of lesions. Lesions are areas of damage or abnormal tissue, and in the context of atherosclerosis, they refer to the rupture of the artery wall. This can further contribute to the progression of the disease and increase the risk of complications such as blood clots and thrombosis.

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  • 36. 

    What type of training would be most effective at improving the rate of simultaneous motor unit recruitment?

    • Muscular endurance 

    • Aerobic endurance 

    • Lactate intervals 

    • Maximal strength 

    Correct Answer
    A. Maximal strength 
    Explanation
    Maximal strength training would be most effective at improving the rate of simultaneous motor unit recruitment. This type of training focuses on lifting heavy weights for a low number of repetitions, which helps to increase the strength and power of the muscles. By increasing maximal strength, the body becomes better equipped to recruit and activate more motor units simultaneously, leading to improved overall muscle performance and coordination.

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  • 37. 

    What is inhibited during autogenic inhibition?

    • Agonist

    • Antagonist

    • Synergist

    • Fixator

    Correct Answer
    A. Agonist
    Explanation
    During autogenic inhibition, the agonist muscle is inhibited. Autogenic inhibition is a protective mechanism that prevents excessive force generation and potential injury. When the agonist muscle contracts forcefully, the Golgi tendon organs within the muscle detect the tension and send inhibitory signals to the agonist muscle, causing it to relax and prevent further contraction. This helps to regulate and control the amount of force generated by the muscle, ensuring that it does not exceed safe limits.

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  • 38. 

    Where does blood flow from after leaving the pulmonary arteries?

    • Pulmonary venules

    • Left atrium

    • Pulmonary arterioles

    • Right atrium 

    Correct Answer
    A. Pulmonary arterioles
    Explanation
    After leaving the pulmonary arteries, blood flows into the pulmonary arterioles. The pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs. In the lungs, the blood is oxygenated and then returns to the heart through the pulmonary veins. However, before reaching the pulmonary veins, the blood passes through the pulmonary arterioles, which are small branches of the pulmonary arteries. Therefore, the correct answer is pulmonary arterioles.

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  • 39. 

    What happens after gaseous exchange takes place in the systemic capillaries?

    • Oxygenated blood flows through the venules

    • Deoxygenated blood flows through the venules

    • Deoxygenated blood flows through the arterioles

    • Oxygenated blood flows through the arterioles

    Correct Answer
    A. Oxygenated blood flows through the venules
    Explanation
    After gaseous exchange takes place in the systemic capillaries, oxygenated blood flows through the venules. This is because oxygen diffuses from the capillaries into the surrounding tissues, while carbon dioxide diffuses from the tissues into the capillaries. As a result, the blood in the capillaries becomes oxygenated, and this oxygenated blood then flows into the venules, which are small veins that carry blood back to the heart.

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  • 40. 

    What determines whether a contraction occurs in the muscle fibres of a motor unit?

    • The number of action potentials sent

    • The intensity of sensory feedback received 

    • The strength of the action potential sent

    • The strength of the sensory feedback received 

    Correct Answer
    A. The intensity of sensory feedback received 
    Explanation
    The intensity of sensory feedback received determines whether a contraction occurs in the muscle fibers of a motor unit. Sensory feedback is important for providing information about the state of the muscle, such as its length, tension, and position. This feedback is received by sensory receptors in the muscle and is transmitted to the central nervous system. Based on the intensity of this sensory feedback, the central nervous system determines whether to send action potentials to the muscle fibers, leading to a contraction. Therefore, the intensity of sensory feedback plays a crucial role in determining muscle contraction.

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  • Current Version
  • Jan 23, 2023
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • Feb 07, 2020
    Quiz Created by
    Hodgesd

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