.
Decrease to 1/2
Decrease to 1/4
Decrease to 1/8
Decrease to 1/16
No change
Decreased heart rate
Increased contractility
Decreased total peripheral resistance (TPR)
Decreased cardiac output
Increased PR intervals
Aorta
Central vein
Pulmonary artery
Right atrium
Renal artery
Renal vein
Sinoatrial (SA) node
Atrioventricular (AV) node
Bundle of His
Purkinje system
Ventricular muscle
Cardiac output
End-diastolic volume
End-systolic volume
Heart rate
Pulse pressure
Stroke volume
Systolic pressure
Increased pulse pressure because contractility is increased
Increased pulse pressure because heart rate is increased
Decreased pulse pressure because ventricular filling time is increased
Decreased pulse pressure because stroke volume is decreased
Decreased pulse pressure because the PR interval is increased
Increased pulse pressure because the contractility of the ventricle is increased
Increased pulse pressure because total peripheral resistance (TPR) is decreased
Increased pulse pressure because compliance of the veins is decreased
Decreased pulse pressure because the contractility of the ventricle is increased
Decreased pulse pressure because TPR is decreased
Increased cardiac output for a given enddiastolic volume
Increased cardiac output for a given endsystolic volume
Decreased cardiac output for a given enddiastolic volume
Decreased cardiac output for a given endsystolic Volume
Increased viscosity
Increased hematocrit
Partial occlusion of a blood vessel
Decreased velocity of blood flow
An exaggerated response of the reninangiotensin- aldosterone system
A suppressed response of the renin-angiotensin- aldosterone system
An exaggerated response of the baroreceptor mechanism
A suppressed response of the baroreceptor mechanism
PR interval
QRS complex
QT interval
ST segment
T wave
Normal adult
Fetus
Left-to-right ventricular shunt
Right-to-left ventricular shunt
Right ventricular failure
Administration of a positive inotropic
Decreased firing rate of the pacemaker in the sinoatrial (SA) node
Decreased firing rate of the pacemaker in the atrioventricular (AV) node
Increased firing rate of the pacemaker in the SA node
Decreased conduction through the AV node
Increased conduction through the His- Purkinje system
Decreased firing rate of the carotid sinus nerve
Increased parasympathetic outflow to the heart
Decreased heart rate
Decreased contractility
Decreased mean systemic pressure
Arteriolar constriction
Increased venous pressure
Increased plasma protein concentration
Muscular activity
The aortic valve closes before the pulmonic valve
The pulmonic valve closes before the aortic valve
The mitral valve closes before the tricuspid valve
The tricuspid valve closes before the mitral valve
Filling of the ventricles has fast and slow components
the sympathetic nervous system on splanchnic arterioles
The parasympathetic nervous system on skeletal muscle arterioles
Local metabolites on skeletal muscle arterioles
Local metabolites on cerebral arterioles
Histamine on skeletal muscle arterioles
A decrease in total peripheral resistance (TPR)
An increase in capillary filtration
An increase in arterial pressure
A decrease in afterload
1.65 L/min
4.55 L/min
5.00 L/min
6.25 L/min
8.00 L/min
Upstroke of the action potential in the sinoatrial (SA) node
Upstroke of the action potential in Purkinje fibers
Plateau of the action potential in ventricular muscle
Repolarization of the action potential in ventricular muscle
Repolarization of the action potential in the SA node
They have the greatest surface area
They have the greatest cross-sectional area
The velocity of blood flow through them is the highest
The velocity of blood flow through them is the lowest
They have the greatest resistance
The highest pressure measured in the arteries
The lowest pressure measured in the arteries
Measured only during diastole
Determined by stroke volume
Decreased when the capacitance of the arteries decreases
The difference between mean arterial pressure and central venous pressure
An increase in K + conductance
An increase in Na + conductance
A decrease in Cl- conductance
A decrease in Ca2+ conductance
Simultaneous increases in K + and Cl conductances
A1 Receptors
B1 Receptors
B2 receptors
Muscarinic receptors
Atrial systole
Isovolumetric ventricular contraction
Rapid ventricular ejection
Reduced (slow) ventricular ejection
Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation
Rapid ventricular filling
Reduced (slow) ventricular filling (diastasis)
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