Block 3 Cardio Physio BRS
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- 1.Arteriography of a patient's left renal arteryshows narrowing of the radius of the artery by 50%. What is the expected change in blood flowthrough the stenotic artery?
- A.
Decrease to 1/2
- B.
Decrease to 1/4
- C.
Decrease to 1/8
- D.
Decrease to 1/16
- E.
No change
- 2.When a person moves from a supine position to a standing position, which of the following compensatory changes occurs?
- A.
Decreased heart rate
- B.
Increased contractility
- C.
Decreased total peripheral resistance (TPR)
- D.
Decreased cardiac output
- E.
Increased PR intervals
- 3.At which site is systolic blood pressure the highest?
- A.
Aorta
- B.
Central vein
- C.
Pulmonary artery
- D.
Right atrium
- E.
Renal artery
- F.
Renal vein
- 4.A person's electrocardiogram (ECG) has no P wave, but has a normal QRS complex and a normal T wave. Therefore, his pacemaker is located in the
- A.
Sinoatrial (SA) node
- B.
Atrioventricular (AV) node
- C.
Bundle of His
- D.
Purkinje system
- E.
Ventricular muscle
- 5.If the ejection fraction increases, there will be a decrease in
- A.
Cardiac output
- B.
End-diastolic volume
- C.
End-systolic volume
- D.
Heart rate
- E.
Pulse pressure
- F.
Stroke volume
- G.
Systolic pressure
- 6.An electrocardiogram (ECG) on a person shows ventricular extrasystoles. The extrasystolic beat would produce
- A.
Increased pulse pressure because contractility is increased
- B.
Increased pulse pressure because heart rate is increased
- C.
Decreased pulse pressure because ventricular filling time is increased
- D.
Decreased pulse pressure because stroke volume is decreased
- E.
Decreased pulse pressure because the PR interval is increased
- 7.An electrocardiogram (ECG) on a person shows ventricular extrasystoles. The next "normal" ventricular contraction that occurs after the extrasystole would produce
- A.
Increased pulse pressure because the contractility of the ventricle is increased
- B.
Increased pulse pressure because total peripheral resistance (TPR) is decreased
- C.
Increased pulse pressure because compliance of the veins is decreased
- D.
Decreased pulse pressure because the contractility of the ventricle is increased
- E.
Decreased pulse pressure because TPR is decreased
- 8.An increase in contractility is demonstrated on a Frank-Starling diagram by
- A.
Increased cardiac output for a given enddiastolic volume
- B.
Increased cardiac output for a given endsystolic volume
- C.
Decreased cardiac output for a given enddiastolic volume
- D.
Decreased cardiac output for a given endsystolic Volume
- 9.The tendency for blood flow to be turbulent is increased by
- A.
Increased viscosity
- B.
Increased hematocrit
- C.
Partial occlusion of a blood vessel
- D.
Decreased velocity of blood flow
- 10.A patient experiences orthostatic hypotension after a sympathectomy. The explanation for this occurrence is
- A.
An exaggerated response of the reninangiotensin- aldosterone system
- B.
A suppressed response of the renin-angiotensin- aldosterone system
- C.
An exaggerated response of the baroreceptor mechanism
- D.
A suppressed response of the baroreceptor mechanism
- 11.The ventricles are completely depolarized during which isoelectric portion of the electrocardiogram (ECG)?
- A.
PR interval
- B.
QRS complex
- C.
QT interval
- D.
ST segment
- E.
T wave
- 12.In which of the following situations is pulmonary blood flow greater than aortic blood flow?
- A.
Normal adult
- B.
Fetus
- C.
Left-to-right ventricular shunt
- D.
Right-to-left ventricular shunt
- E.
Right ventricular failure
- F.
Administration of a positive inotropic
- 13.A person's electrocardiogram (ECG) shows two P waves preceding each QRS complex. The interpretation of this pattern is
- A.
Decreased firing rate of the pacemaker in the sinoatrial (SA) node
- B.
Decreased firing rate of the pacemaker in the atrioventricular (AV) node
- C.
Increased firing rate of the pacemaker in the SA node
- D.
Decreased conduction through the AV node
- E.
Increased conduction through the His- Purkinje system
- 14.An acute decrease in arterial blood pressure elicits which of the following compensatory changes?
- A.
Decreased firing rate of the carotid sinus nerve
- B.
Increased parasympathetic outflow to the heart
- C.
Decreased heart rate
- D.
Decreased contractility
- E.
Decreased mean systemic pressure
- 15.The tendency for edema to occur will be increased by
- A.
Arteriolar constriction
- B.
Increased venous pressure
- C.
Increased plasma protein concentration
- D.
Muscular activity
- 16.Inspiration "splits" the second heart sound because
- A.
The aortic valve closes before the pulmonic valve
- B.
The pulmonic valve closes before the aortic valve
- C.
The mitral valve closes before the tricuspid valve
- D.
The tricuspid valve closes before the mitral valve
- E.
Filling of the ventricles has fast and slow components
- 17.During exercise, total peripheral resistance (TPR) decreases because of the effect of
- A.
the sympathetic nervous system on splanchnic arterioles
- B.
The parasympathetic nervous system on skeletal muscle arterioles
- C.
Local metabolites on skeletal muscle arterioles
- D.
Local metabolites on cerebral arterioles
- E.
Histamine on skeletal muscle arterioles
- 18.An increase in arteriolar resistance, without a change in any other component of the cardiovascular system, will produce
- A.
A decrease in total peripheral resistance (TPR)
- B.
An increase in capillary filtration
- C.
An increase in arterial pressure
- D.
A decrease in afterload
- 19.The following measurements were obtained in a male patient: Heart rate: 70 beats/min Pulmonary vein [0 2] = 0.24 ml 02/m1 Pulmonary artery [02] = 0.16 ml 02/ml Whole body 02 consumption: 500 ml/min What is this patient's cardiac output?
- A.
1.65 L/min
- B.
4.55 L/min
- C.
5.00 L/min
- D.
6.25 L/min
- E.
8.00 L/min
- 20.Which of the following is the result of an inward Na+ current?
- A.
Upstroke of the action potential in the sinoatrial (SA) node
- B.
Upstroke of the action potential in Purkinje fibers
- C.
Plateau of the action potential in ventricular muscle
- D.
Repolarization of the action potential in ventricular muscle
- E.
Repolarization of the action potential in the SA node
- 21.The greatest pressure decrease in the circulation occurs across the arterioles because
- A.
They have the greatest surface area
- B.
They have the greatest cross-sectional area
- C.
The velocity of blood flow through them is the highest
- D.
The velocity of blood flow through them is the lowest
- E.
They have the greatest resistance
- 22.Pulse pressure is
- A.
The highest pressure measured in the arteries
- B.
The lowest pressure measured in the arteries
- C.
Measured only during diastole
- D.
Determined by stroke volume
- E.
Decreased when the capacitance of the arteries decreases
- F.
The difference between mean arterial pressure and central venous pressure
- 23.In the sinoatrial (SA) node, phase 4 depolarization (pacemaker potential) is attributable to
- A.
An increase in K + conductance
- B.
An increase in Na + conductance
- C.
A decrease in Cl- conductance
- D.
A decrease in Ca2+ conductance
- E.
Simultaneous increases in K + and Cl conductances
- 24.Which receptor mediates constriction of arteriolar smooth muscle?
- A.
A1 Receptors
- B.
B1 Receptors
- C.
B2 receptors
- D.
Muscarinic receptors
- 25.During which phase of the cardiac cycle is aortic pressure highest?
- A.
Atrial systole
- B.
Isovolumetric ventricular contraction
- C.
Rapid ventricular ejection
- D.
Reduced (slow) ventricular ejection
- E.
Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation
- F.
Rapid ventricular filling
- G.
Reduced (slow) ventricular filling (diastasis)
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