Biology Midterm Test Corrections

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  • 1/105 Questions

    What is a eukaryote?

    • A cell with no nucleus or membranes
    • A cell with a nucleus and membranes
    • A cell with no nucleus, but with membranes
    • A cell with a nucleus, but no membranes
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About This Quiz

The Biology Midterm Test Corrections quiz assesses understanding of fundamental biological concepts including cell types, homeostasis, enzymes, and cellular respiration. It helps learners identify and correct misconceptions, enhancing their comprehension of essential biology topics.

Biology Midterm Test Corrections - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    What is a prokaryote?

    • A cell with no nucleus or membranes

    • A cell with a nucleus and membranes

    • A cell with no nucleus, but with membranes

    • A cell with a nucleus, but no membranes

    Correct Answer
    A. A cell with no nucleus or membranes
    Explanation
    A prokaryote is a type of cell that lacks a nucleus and membranes. This means that the genetic material of a prokaryote is not enclosed within a membrane-bound nucleus, but instead floats freely in the cytoplasm. Additionally, prokaryotes do not possess membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria or endoplasmic reticulum. Instead, their internal components are suspended in the cytoplasm. Prokaryotes are typically single-celled organisms, such as bacteria, and are considered to be simpler in structure compared to eukaryotic cells, which have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

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  • 3. 

    What is the independent variable?

    • What is measured

    • What is changed

    • What is kept the same

    • None of these

    Correct Answer
    A. What is changed
    Explanation
    The independent variable refers to the factor that is intentionally manipulated or changed by the researcher in an experiment. It is the variable that is hypothesized to have an effect on the dependent variable. In this case, the correct answer "what is changed" accurately describes the concept of the independent variable.

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  • 4. 

    What is homeostasis?

    • A genetic disorder

    • A steady state

    • An unsteady state

    • An extinct form of human

    Correct Answer
    A. A steady state
    Explanation
    Homeostasis refers to the ability of an organism or system to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes. It involves various physiological processes that work together to regulate temperature, pH levels, blood pressure, and other vital parameters within a narrow range. This steady state is crucial for the proper functioning of cells and organs. Therefore, the correct answer is "A steady state."

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  • 5. 

    Which of the following is not a characteristic of enzymes?

    • They are protein which are activated by co-enzymes

    • They are specific and can act only on specific substrates

    • They are organic catalysts

    • Their reactions are irreversible

    Correct Answer
    A. Their reactions are irreversible
    Explanation
    Enzymes are organic catalysts that accelerate chemical reactions in living organisms. They are typically proteins that can be activated by co-enzymes. Enzymes are also known for their specificity, meaning they can only act on specific substrates. However, their reactions are not always irreversible. Enzymes can catalyze both reversible and irreversible reactions, depending on the specific reaction and conditions. Therefore, the statement that their reactions are irreversible is not a characteristic of enzymes.

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  • 6. 

    In cellular respiration, most ATP is produced directly as a result of ___________________.

    • The electron transport chain

    • Glycolysis

    • The movement of hydrogen ions across the inner mitochondrial membrane

    • Fermentation

    • The citric acid cycle

    Correct Answer
    A. Glycolysis
    Explanation
    Glycolysis is the correct answer because it is the process that occurs in the cytoplasm of cells and is the first step in cellular respiration. During glycolysis, glucose is broken down into pyruvate, and a small amount of ATP is produced directly. The other options mentioned, such as the electron transport chain, the movement of hydrogen ions across the inner mitochondrial membrane, fermentation, and the citric acid cycle, are all important components of cellular respiration but do not directly produce the majority of ATP.

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  • 7. 

    The second state of aerobic respiration is ________________________.

    • The electron transport chain

    • The calvin cycle

    • The citric acid cycle

    • Lactic acid fermentation

    • Glycolysis

    Correct Answer
    A. The citric acid cycle
    Explanation
    The second stage of aerobic respiration is the citric acid cycle. This cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle, takes place in the mitochondria and is responsible for generating energy in the form of ATP. During the citric acid cycle, acetyl-CoA is oxidized, producing NADH and FADH2, which carry high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain for further ATP production. This cycle also releases carbon dioxide as a waste product. Overall, the citric acid cycle plays a crucial role in the breakdown of glucose and the production of energy in aerobic organisms.

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  • 8. 

    Which of the following is the correct sequence of stages in cellular respiration?

    • Citric acid cycle, glycolysis, electron transport chain

    • Electron transport chain, glycolysis, citric acid cycle

    • Glycolysis, citric acid cycle, electron transport chain

    • Citric acid cycle, electron transport chain, glycolysis

    Correct Answer
    A. Glycolysis, citric acid cycle, electron transport chain
    Explanation
    The correct sequence of stages in cellular respiration is glycolysis, citric acid cycle, electron transport chain. Glycolysis is the first step in cellular respiration where glucose is broken down into pyruvate. The citric acid cycle follows glycolysis and is also known as the Krebs cycle. During this stage, pyruvate is further broken down and carbon dioxide is released. Finally, the electron transport chain occurs, where the high-energy electrons produced in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle are used to generate ATP.

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  • 9. 

    A product of gycolysis is __________________________.

    • 02

    • Ethyl alcohol

    • Pyruvic acid

    • Lactic acid

    • NAD+

    Correct Answer
    A. Pyruvic acid
    Explanation
    Pyruvic acid is a product of glycolysis. Glycolysis is the initial step in cellular respiration, where glucose is broken down into pyruvic acid. This process occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell and does not require oxygen. Pyruvic acid can then be further metabolized in the presence of oxygen to produce more energy through the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, or it can undergo fermentation in the absence of oxygen to produce lactic acid or ethanol.

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  • 10. 

    The energy released from glucose by the process of cellular respiration is in the form of ____________________________.

    • Oxygen only

    • Heat only

    • ATP and NADH

    • ATP only

    • ATP and heat

    Correct Answer
    A. ATP and NADH
    Explanation
    During cellular respiration, glucose is broken down in the presence of oxygen to produce energy. This energy is stored in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide). ATP is the primary energy currency of cells and is used for various cellular processes, while NADH is an electron carrier that plays a crucial role in the production of ATP. Therefore, the energy released from glucose by cellular respiration is in the form of ATP and NADH.

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  • 11. 

    Which of these equations describes aerobic cellular respiration?

    • Glucose-lactic acid + energy

    • Energy + carbon dioxide + water - glucose + oxygen + water

    • Glucose + lactose - galactose + water

    • Glucose + oxygen - carbon dioxide + water + energy

    • Glucose -ethyl alcohol + carbon dioxide + energy

    Correct Answer
    A. Glucose + oxygen - carbon dioxide + water + energy
    Explanation
    The equation "glucose + oxygen - carbon dioxide + water + energy" describes aerobic cellular respiration. This equation represents the process by which glucose and oxygen are used to produce carbon dioxide, water, and energy in the form of ATP. This is the process that occurs in the mitochondria of cells to generate energy for cellular activities.

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  • 12. 

    What is a difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?

    • Saturated fats are liquid and unsaturated fats are solid.

    • Saturated fats are solid and unsaturated fats are liquid.

    • Saturated fats are healthier for you than unsaturated fats.

    • Saturated fats contain double carbon bonds and unsaturated fats have single bonds.

    Correct Answer
    A. Saturated fats are solid and unsaturated fats are liquid.
    Explanation
    The explanation for the given correct answer is that saturated fats are solid at room temperature because their fatty acid chains are fully saturated with hydrogen atoms, allowing them to pack tightly together. On the other hand, unsaturated fats are liquid at room temperature because they contain double carbon bonds in their fatty acid chains, causing them to have kinks and preventing them from packing tightly together.

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  • 13. 

    Photosynthetic organisms are __________________________.

    • Consumers

    • Decomposers

    • Fungi

    • Heterotrophs

    • Producers

    Correct Answer
    A. Producers
    Explanation
    Photosynthetic organisms, such as plants and algae, are capable of converting sunlight into energy through the process of photosynthesis. They are considered producers because they can synthesize their own food using light energy, carbon dioxide, and water. This ability to produce organic compounds makes them the primary source of energy for most ecosystems, as they provide food for other organisms.

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  • 14. 

    The waste products of cellular respiration include _______________________.

    • Water and carbon dioxide

    • Water and glucose

    • Water

    • Glucose

    • Carbon dioxide

    Correct Answer
    A. Water and carbon dioxide
    Explanation
    During cellular respiration, glucose is broken down in the presence of oxygen to produce energy. One of the byproducts of this process is carbon dioxide, which is released into the environment. Additionally, water is also produced as a waste product. Therefore, the waste products of cellular respiration include water and carbon dioxide.

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  • 15. 

    Photosynthesis is carried out by ________________________________.

    • Peroxisomes

    • Chloroplasts

    • The nucleus

    • Ribosomes

    • Mitochondria

    Correct Answer
    A. Chloroplasts
    Explanation
    Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert sunlight into energy. It occurs in chloroplasts, which are specialized organelles found in plant cells. Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, a pigment that captures sunlight and initiates the process of photosynthesis. The other options, such as peroxisomes, the nucleus, ribosomes, and mitochondria, do not play a direct role in photosynthesis.

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  • 16. 

    The term anaerobic means ____________________.

    • Without ATP

    • Without 02

    • With 02

    • Without C02

    • Without bacteria

    Correct Answer
    A. Without 02
    Explanation
    The term anaerobic means without oxygen.

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  • 17. 

    Aerobic cellular respiration generates about ___________ATP from one glucose.

    • 6

    • 38

    • The number generated depends on whether the end product of aerobic respiration is lactic acid or ethyl alcohol.

    • 1

    • 2

    Correct Answer
    A. 2
    Explanation
    Aerobic cellular respiration generates about 38 ATP from one glucose. This process occurs in the presence of oxygen and involves the breakdown of glucose molecules to produce energy in the form of ATP. Through a series of biochemical reactions, glucose is oxidized and its energy is used to generate ATP molecules. In aerobic respiration, the complete oxidation of glucose occurs in the mitochondria, resulting in the production of a large amount of ATP. Therefore, the correct answer is 38.

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  • 18. 

    The sum total of all the chemical reactions that occur in organisms is called ___________________.

    • Cellular synthesis

    • Metabolism

    • Summation

    • Inheritance

    • Replication

    Correct Answer
    A. Metabolism
    Explanation
    Metabolism refers to the sum total of all the chemical reactions that occur in organisms. It includes processes such as digestion, respiration, and synthesis of molecules. These reactions are essential for maintaining life and providing energy for various cellular activities. Metabolism is a fundamental process that allows organisms to grow, reproduce, and respond to their environment.

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  • 19. 

    What name is given to the membranous sacs found within a chloroplast?

    • Thylakoids

    • Stroma

    • Cristae

    • Vesicles

    • Reaction centers

    Correct Answer
    A. Thylakoids
    Explanation
    Thylakoids are membranous sacs found within a chloroplast. They are responsible for carrying out the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. These reactions involve the absorption of light energy and the conversion of it into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH. Thylakoids contain chlorophyll and other pigments that capture the light energy needed for photosynthesis. They are stacked on top of each other in structures called grana, which increase the surface area available for light absorption. Overall, thylakoids play a crucial role in the process of photosynthesis by providing the necessary environment for light-dependent reactions to occur.

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  • 20. 

    It is difficult to observe individual chromosomes with a light microscope during interphase because _____.

    • They leave the nucleus and are dispersed to other parts of the cell

    • Sister chromatids do not pair up until division starts

    • The DNA has not been replicated yet

    • They have uncoiled to form long, thin strands

    • The spindle must move them to the metaphase plate before they become visible

    Correct Answer
    A. They have uncoiled to form long, thin strands
    Explanation
    During interphase, chromosomes are in their least condensed state and have uncoiled to form long, thin strands. This makes it difficult to observe them with a light microscope because they are not compact and visible as distinct structures.

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  • 21. 

    Which of the following is a function of meiosis but not mitosis in eukaryotes?

    • Production of animal gametes

    • Repair of damaged organs

    • Cell replacement

    • Asexual reproduction

    • Growth

    Correct Answer
    A. Production of animal gametes
    Explanation
    Meiosis is a type of cell division that occurs in eukaryotes to produce gametes, which are reproductive cells such as sperm and eggs. This process involves two rounds of division, resulting in four daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. On the other hand, mitosis is a type of cell division that occurs in eukaryotes for growth, repair, and cell replacement. Therefore, the production of animal gametes is a function specific to meiosis and not mitosis.

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  • 22. 

    During prophase a homologous pair of chromosomes consists of _____.

    • Two chromosomes and two chromatids

    • One chromosome and four chromatids

    • One chromosome and two chromatids

    • Four chromosomes and two chromatids

    • Two chromosomes and four chromatids

    Correct Answer
    A. Two chromosomes and four chromatids
    Explanation
    During prophase, the homologous pair of chromosomes consists of two chromosomes and four chromatids. This is because each chromosome duplicates during the S phase of interphase, forming two identical sister chromatids. Therefore, when the homologous pair of chromosomes come together during prophase, there are two chromosomes, each consisting of two sister chromatids, resulting in a total of four chromatids.

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  • 23. 

    Which term describes two recently replicated DNA strands that are joined together just before cell division?

    • Centromere

    • Centrosome

    • Sister Chromatid

    • Centriole

    Correct Answer
    A. Sister Chromatid
    Explanation
    Sister chromatids are two identical copies of a single replicated chromosome that are joined together at the centromere. They are formed during DNA replication in the S phase of the cell cycle and remain connected until they separate during cell division. Therefore, sister chromatids accurately describe two recently replicated DNA strands that are joined together just before cell division.

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  • 24. 

    What event does NOT take place before the start of mitosis?

    • Organelle proliferate

    • DNA is replicated

    • The nuclear envelope disintegrates

    • The parent cell grows

    Correct Answer
    A. The nuclear envelope disintegrates
    Explanation
    Before the start of mitosis, organelles proliferate, DNA is replicated, and the parent cell grows. However, the nuclear envelope does not disintegrate before mitosis. The disintegration of the nuclear envelope occurs during prophase, which is the first phase of mitosis. During prophase, the nuclear envelope breaks down, allowing the chromosomes to be released into the cytoplasm and interact with the spindle fibers.

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  • 25. 

    During ________ the cell grows and replicates both its organelles and its chromosomes

    • Cytokinesis

    • S

    • Mitosis

    • Interphase

    • G1

    Correct Answer
    A. Interphase
    Explanation
    Interphase is the correct answer because it is the stage in the cell cycle where the cell grows and replicates both its organelles and its chromosomes. This is the longest phase of the cell cycle and consists of three subphases: G1, S, and G2. During interphase, the cell prepares for cell division by increasing its size, synthesizing DNA, and duplicating its organelles. Mitosis and cytokinesis are separate stages that occur after interphase, where the cell divides into two daughter cells.

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  • 26. 

    How many total chromosome do you inherit from your parents?

    • 23

    • 46

    • 89

    Correct Answer
    A. 46
    Explanation
    Humans inherit a total of 46 chromosomes from their parents. This is because each parent contributes 23 chromosomes, which combine to form a total of 46 chromosomes in each cell of the offspring's body. These chromosomes contain the genetic information that determines various traits and characteristics of an individual.

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  • 27. 

    If an offspring receives two genes, one from each parent, for a particular recessive trait, that trait will

    • Not be seen

    • Be seen halfway

    • Be seen

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Be seen
    Explanation
    If an offspring receives two genes, one from each parent, for a particular recessive trait, that trait will be seen. This is because a recessive trait only manifests when an individual has two copies of the recessive gene. If the offspring receives one copy of the recessive gene from each parent, they will have two copies of the gene and therefore display the trait.

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  • 28. 

    What is the science of heredity called?

    • Skills

    • Genetics

    • Reproduction

    • Heredity

    Correct Answer
    A. Genetics
    Explanation
    Genetics is the science of heredity, which involves the study of genes, traits, and the passing of characteristics from parents to offspring. It encompasses the understanding of how genes are inherited, how they determine various physical and biological traits, and how they can be passed on through generations. By studying genetics, scientists can gain insights into the causes of genetic disorders, develop treatments, and explore the diversity and evolution of life forms.

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  • 29. 
    Chose the set of traits that would complete this punnett square. - ProProfs

    Chose the set of traits that would complete this punnett square.

    • RR, RR, Rr, Rr

    • RR, Rr, Rr, rr

    • Rr, rr, RR, Rr

    Correct Answer
    A. RR, Rr, Rr, rr
    Explanation
    The given punnett square represents the possible combinations of alleles for a specific trait. In this case, the trait being considered is represented by the letter R, with uppercase letters indicating dominant alleles and lowercase letters indicating recessive alleles. The first row and column show that all individuals have the genotype RR, which means they have two dominant alleles for the trait. The second row and column show that individuals have the genotype Rr, which means they have one dominant allele and one recessive allele. The third row and column show that individuals have the genotype rr, which means they have two recessive alleles. Therefore, the set of traits that would complete this punnett square is RR, Rr, Rr, rr.

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  • 30. 

    How many chromosomes do you inherit from your mom?

    • 34

    • 46

    • 23

    Correct Answer
    A. 23
    Explanation
    When a baby is conceived, they inherit 23 chromosomes from their mother. This is because each parent contributes half of the baby's genetic material. The mother's egg contains 23 chromosomes, which combine with the 23 chromosomes from the father's sperm to form a complete set of 46 chromosomes in the baby's cells. Therefore, the correct answer is 23.

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  • 31. 

    Which of these is an inherited trait?

    • Having freckles

    • Being a good reader

    • Having a scar on your arm

    Correct Answer
    A. Having freckles
    Explanation
    Freckles are an inherited trait because they are caused by a specific gene and are passed down from parents to their children. The presence of freckles is determined by genetics and can be seen in individuals who have inherited the gene for freckles from their parents. Therefore, having freckles is an inherited trait.

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  • 32. 

    Which of these is an inherited trait?

    • Liking the color red

    • Having long fingers

    • Wearing your hair in a ponytail

    • Liking chocolate ice cream

    Correct Answer
    A. Having long fingers
    Explanation
    Having long fingers is an inherited trait because it is determined by genetics and is passed down from parents to their offspring. The length of fingers is determined by the genes responsible for bone growth and development, which are inherited from our parents. Therefore, individuals with long fingers most likely have inherited this trait from their parents or ancestors.

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  • 33. 

    A change in a gene is known as a

    • Genetic

    • Genetic mutation

    • Probability

    Correct Answer
    A. Genetic mutation
    Explanation
    A change in a gene is known as a genetic mutation. This term refers to any alteration or modification that occurs in the DNA sequence of a gene. Genetic mutations can occur spontaneously or can be caused by external factors such as exposure to certain chemicals or radiation. These mutations can have various effects on an organism, ranging from no noticeable impact to causing genetic disorders or diseases. Therefore, the correct answer is genetic mutation.

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  • 34. 

    Which of the following would be a genotype of a homozygous recessive individual?

    • AaBB

    • AABB

    • AaBb

    • AABb

    • Aabb

    Correct Answer
    A. Aabb
    Explanation
    The genotype of a homozygous recessive individual would consist of two lowercase letters, indicating that both alleles for a particular trait are recessive. In this case, the genotype "aabb" fits this description, as it contains only lowercase letters and does not have any dominant alleles.

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  • 35. 
    Letter "A" represents a: - ProProfs

    Letter "A" represents a:

    • Chromosome

    • Gene

    • Trait

    Correct Answer
    A. Chromosome
    Explanation
    In genetics, the letter "A" is commonly used to represent a chromosome. Chromosomes are thread-like structures found in the nucleus of cells that carry genetic information in the form of genes. Each chromosome contains many genes, which are segments of DNA that determine specific traits. Therefore, while the letter "A" does not directly represent a gene or a trait, it is commonly used to represent a chromosome.

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  • 36. 

    The chart used by scientists to show possible combinations resulting from a cross between two organisms is a:

    • Punnett square

    • Pedigree

    • Phenotypic diagram

    • Genotypic diagram

    • Pie chart

    Correct Answer
    A. Punnett square
    Explanation
    A punnett square is a chart used by scientists to show the possible combinations resulting from a cross between two organisms. It is commonly used in genetics to predict the probability of certain traits being passed on to offspring. The punnett square allows scientists to visualize the different genotypes and phenotypes that can result from a genetic cross, making it a useful tool in understanding inheritance patterns.

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  • 37. 

    In humans, which chromosome combination is that of a male?

    • XX

    • XY

    • YY

    • YMCA

    Correct Answer
    A. XY
    Explanation
    The correct answer is XY. In humans, the chromosome combination of XY is typically associated with males. This is because males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome, while females have two X chromosomes (XX). The Y chromosome contains genes that determine male sexual characteristics, such as the development of testes and the production of sperm. Therefore, the XY chromosome combination is indicative of a male individual.

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  • 38. 

    What would be the expected phenotypic ratio of a cross between "Rr" and "Rr"? R =red r = white incompletely dominant

    • 1 red : 3 white

    • 2 white : 2 red

    • 1red : 2 white : 1 black

    • 1 red : 2 pink : 1 white

    Correct Answer
    A. 1 red : 2 pink : 1 white
    Explanation
    When two individuals with the genotype "Rr" are crossed, the expected phenotypic ratio is 1 red : 2 pink : 1 white. This is because the trait is incompletely dominant, meaning that neither allele completely masks the other. As a result, the heterozygous genotype "Rr" produces an intermediate phenotype, which is pink in this case. The homozygous genotypes "RR" and "rr" produce the red and white phenotypes, respectively. Therefore, the expected phenotypic ratio is 1 red : 2 pink : 1 white.

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  • 39. 

    R =red r = white incompletely dominant what would the color be of an individual that has a genotype of "rr"?

    • Red

    • White

    • Pink

    • Black

    Correct Answer
    A. White
    Explanation
    The genotype "rr" indicates that both alleles for color are recessive. In this case, the individual will express the trait associated with the recessive allele, which is white. Therefore, the color of an individual with a genotype of "rr" would be white.

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  • 40. 

    If red flower color "R" is incompletely dominant over white flower color "r" then what would be the color of an individual that has a genotype of "RR"?

    • Red

    • White

    • Pink

    • Black

    Correct Answer
    A. Red
    Explanation
    If red flower color "R" is incompletely dominant over white flower color "r", then an individual with a genotype of "RR" would have the color red. This is because the "R" allele is dominant over the "r" allele, even though it is incompletely dominant. Therefore, individuals with the genotype "RR" will exhibit the red flower color.

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  • 41. 

    If 2 dragons that are "Tt" for tail genes are crossed and had 4 offspring, how many would have no spikes?  ( TT = spikes   Tt = spikes   tt = no spikes)

    • 1

    • 2

    • 3

    • 4

    Correct Answer
    A. 1
    Explanation
    When two dragons that are "Tt" for tail genes are crossed, they can produce four different combinations of offspring: TT, Tt, Tt, and tt. Out of these four offspring, only one has no spikes because it has the genotype "tt" which represents no spikes.

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  • 42. 

    If "T" represents the gene for spiked tail and "t" represents the gene for no spikes, which of the following would represent a heterozygous individual?

    • TT

    • Tt

    • Tt

    • T

    • T

    Correct Answer
    A. Tt
    Explanation
    A heterozygous individual has two different alleles for a particular gene. In this case, "T" represents the gene for spiked tail and "t" represents the gene for no spikes. Therefore, the individual represented by "Tt" is heterozygous because it has one allele for spiked tail (T) and one allele for no spikes (t).

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  • 43. 

    Sex cells(egg and sperm) are produced by the process of:

    • Meiosis

    • Mitosis

    • Fertilization

    • Complete dominance

    Correct Answer
    A. Meiosis
    Explanation
    Sex cells (egg and sperm) are produced by the process of meiosis. Meiosis is a type of cell division that occurs in the reproductive organs of organisms. It involves two rounds of division, resulting in the formation of four haploid cells, each containing half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. This reduction in chromosome number is essential for sexual reproduction, as it ensures that when the egg and sperm fuse during fertilization, the resulting zygote will have the correct number of chromosomes. Mitosis, on the other hand, is a type of cell division that produces genetically identical daughter cells and is involved in growth, repair, and asexual reproduction. Fertilization is the process of fusion of the egg and sperm, while complete dominance is a concept in genetics related to the expression of traits.

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  • 44. 

    If human cells have 46 chromosomes, the sex cells must have_________ chromosomes.

    • 46

    • 92

    • 64

    • 23

    • 42

    Correct Answer
    A. 23
    Explanation
    Human cells have 46 chromosomes, which are arranged in pairs. Sex cells, also known as gametes, are produced through a process called meiosis, which involves the division of cells. During meiosis, the number of chromosomes is halved, resulting in gametes with only 23 chromosomes. This reduction in chromosome number is necessary for sexual reproduction to occur, as it ensures that when the gametes combine during fertilization, the resulting offspring will have the correct number of chromosomes. Therefore, the correct answer is 23.

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  • 45. 

    A trait that is the "weaker" of 2 traits is called

    • Incomplete

    • Dominant

    • Recessive

    • Heterozygous

    Correct Answer
    A. Recessive
    Explanation
    A trait that is "weaker" or less likely to be expressed when paired with a contrasting trait is called recessive. In genetics, traits are determined by alleles, and recessive alleles are only expressed when an individual has two copies of the recessive allele. In contrast, dominant traits are expressed even if an individual only has one copy of the dominant allele. Therefore, recessive traits are considered the "weaker" of the two traits because they are less likely to be seen in the presence of a dominant allele.

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  • 46. 

    Hh is an example of an organism's

    • Cell

    • Genotype

    • Phenotype

    • Chromosome

    Correct Answer
    A. Genotype
    Explanation
    Hh is an example of an organism's genotype because it represents the combination of alleles (Hh) that an organism inherits for a specific trait. Genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an organism, which determines its physical characteristics (phenotype). In this case, H and h represent different versions of the gene for the trait, and the combination of these alleles determines the organism's genotype.

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  • 47. 

    When one gene in a pair totally dominates another gene, the genes are said to show:

    • Heterozygous

    • Complete dominance

    • Incomplete dominance

    • Meiosis

    Correct Answer
    A. Complete dominance
    Explanation
    Complete dominance occurs when one gene in a pair completely masks the expression of the other gene. In this case, the dominant gene is expressed, while the recessive gene remains hidden. This means that the phenotype of the dominant gene is observed in the individual, while the recessive gene's phenotype is not visible. It is important to note that complete dominance does not necessarily mean that the dominant allele is more common or advantageous, but rather that it is expressed over the recessive allele in heterozygous individuals.

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  • 48. 

    The basic units that pass on traits are called:

    • Genes

    • Cells

    • Mitochondria

    • Genotypes

    Correct Answer
    A. Genes
    Explanation
    Genes are the basic units that pass on traits from one generation to the next. They are segments of DNA located on chromosomes and contain the instructions for building and maintaining an organism. Genes determine various characteristics, such as physical features, behavior, and susceptibility to certain diseases. They are inherited from parents and can be passed down to offspring, carrying the genetic information that shapes an individual's traits and characteristics. Cells, mitochondria, and genotypes are not the correct answers as they do not specifically refer to the units that pass on traits.

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  • 49. 

    Alleles are:

    • Different forms of chromosomes

    • Different forms of DNA

    • Different forms of genes

    • Different forms of cells

    • Always homozygous

    Correct Answer
    A. Different forms of genes
    Explanation
    Alleles are different forms of genes. Genes are segments of DNA that contain the instructions for building proteins. Alleles are alternative versions of a gene that can exist at the same locus on a chromosome. They can vary in their DNA sequence, which results in different traits or characteristics. For example, there can be different alleles for eye color, such as blue, green, or brown. Therefore, the correct answer is "different forms of genes".

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  • Jan 19, 2024
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  • Mar 20, 2012
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    Tanja Donelson

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