Biology Exam 2
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Created to help me prepare for my biology exam.
- 1.__________ is a parasitic plant.
- A.
Pitcher plant
- B.
Sundew
- C.
Venus' Flytrap
- D.
Dodder
- 2.Ethlene is a gaseous hormone produced by plants, often in response to stress. What is another way to produce ethylene?
- A.
Through the fermentation of soybenas
- B.
As a natural by-product of animal respiration
- C.
Through extraction of cell walls of algae
- D.
Through the combustion of kerosene
- E.
Through the evaporation of alcohol
- 3.Which of the following plant responses is affected by photoperiod?
- A.
Onset of dormancy
- B.
Apical dominace
- C.
Cell division
- D.
Gravitropism
- E.
Fertilization of eggs
- 4.Where do plants get most of their mass?
- A.
From chemical elements in the soil
- B.
From water, as van Helmont predicted
- C.
From nitrogen in the atmosphere
- D.
From organic molecules taken up from the soil
- E.
From carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
- 5.Which of the following would be a good way to riben a green tomato?
- A.
Putting it in a darenend area such as a drawer or box
- B.
Placing it in a sealed plastic bag with an overripe banana
- C.
Wrapping in foil and putting it in the refridgerator
- D.
Placing it in a microwave, on low power, for 5 mintues
- E.
Placing it under a bright light for 24 hours
- 6.In many grocery stores, fresh fruits are sold prebagged in plastic bags dotted with holes so that they will not overripen. The main function of the holes is to
- A.
Permit the fruit to drain after being washed.
- B.
Pervet the buildup of CO2
- C.
Prevent anaerobic conditions withing the bag
- D.
Facilitate diffusion of ethylene away from the fruit
- E.
Facilitate diffusion of O2 to the fruit
- 7.Gardeners pinch off the stem tip to make a plant bushier. This works against which of the following
- A.
Apical dominance
- B.
Lateral dominance
- C.
Double fertization
- D.
Pollination
- 8.A female mulberry plant growing several miles away from male individuals of its nearest population can produce seeds without fertilization by
- A.
Parthenogensis
- B.
Tissue culture
- C.
Epigeal germination
- D.
Hypogeal germination
- 9.A woody plant lives through five years of drought, followed by five years of good growing conditions. The xylem cells formed during the five good years will
- A.
Form heartwood, as compared to the sapwood formed during the drought years
- B.
Conduct a higher ratio of sugar to water than those formed during the drought years
- C.
Form smaller growth rings than those formed during the drought years
- D.
Be larger in diameter than those formed during the drought years
- E.
Be living, whereas those formed during the drought years will be dead
- 10.The genetically identical organisms that result from asexual reproduction are called
- A.
Seeds
- B.
Seedlings
- C.
Rootlets
- D.
Gametophytes
- E.
Clones
- 11.Salicylic acid, the main component of aspirin, may be an example of a
- A.
Substance encoded by Avr genes
- B.
Phytochrome
- C.
Amino acid that, when consumed by an insect, will kill that insect
- D.
Substance that attracts wasps to plant being eaten by caterpillars
- E.
Alarm hormone
- 12.Which of the following options correctly lsits the seqence of structures through which water passes into a root?
- A.
Epidermis, endodermis, guard cell, xylem
- B.
Epidermis, cortex, endodermis, xylem
- C.
Root hair, xylem, endodermis, phloem
- D.
Guard cell, endodermis, cortex, xylem
- E.
Root hair, cortex, xylem, endodermis
- 13.When a nursery worker pinches off the terminal buds on a young chrysanthemum plant to make it grow bushy, which of the following plant hormones is mainly repsonsible for growth of side branches?
- A.
A cytokinin
- B.
An auxin
- C.
Abscisic acid
- D.
A gibberllin
- E.
Ethylene
- 14.New growth that increases stem length on a plant arsies mainly from
- A.
Apical meristems
- B.
The base of the stem
- C.
The tip of leaves
- D.
Cotyledons
- E.
The vascular cambium
- 15.Which class of hormones produced in the roots of platns promotes cell division and growth, and retards the aging of flowers and leaves?
- A.
Phytochromes
- B.
Abscisic acid
- C.
Ethylene
- D.
Gibberellins
- E.
Cytokinins
- 16.Which of the following is a characteristic of eudicots?
- A.
Lack of secondary growth
- B.
A flower with six petals
- C.
Vascular bundles scattered throughout the stem
- D.
Parallel leaf venation
- E.
A taproot system
- 17.Which of the following produces the greatest amount of transpiration-cohesion-tension force?
- A.
The osmotic pull of solutes on water from the soil
- B.
Pumping by xylem cells
- C.
The push of water from the soil
- D.
The pull on water from dry air
- E.
The cohesive force of water
- 18.Which of the following substances induces "bolting" the rapid elongation of a stem in cabbage?
- A.
A gibberellin
- B.
Phytochrome
- C.
Ethylene
- D.
Abscisic acid
- E.
A cytokinin
- 19.Which of the following options lists the events leading to leaf fall in deciduous trees in the correct order?
- A.
Shortening days, formation of abscission layer, decrease in ethylene levels
- B.
Decrease in ehtylene leves, shortening days, formation of abscission layer
- C.
Formation of abscission layer, increase in ehtylene levels, decrease in auxin levels
- D.
Shortening days, decrease in ehtlene levels, formaiton of the abscission layer
- E.
Cooler temperatures, increase in ehtylene production, formaiton of abscission layer
- 20.A vascular cambium cell divides to produce an inner and out daugher cell. Which of the following represents the probale fate of these cells?
- A.
The inner cell will differentiate into phloem and the other cell will differentiate into cork
- B.
The inner cell will differentiate into xylem and the other cell will divide again.
- C.
Both cells continue to divide to produce wood
- D.
The inner cell will differentiate into phloem and the outer cell will differentiate into xylem
- E.
Both cells will continue to divide without differentiating into specialized cells
- 21.
- A.
Treatment of soils and groundwater with chemicals to prevent plant death.
- B.
The sue of native plants to restore habitat for wildlife after disadters such as Hurricane katrina
- C.
The use of plants to improve the appearnce of devastated areas atfer diasters
- D.
The use of plants to remove carbon dioxide from the atomosphere
- E.
The use of platns to clean up polluted soil and groundwater
- 22.A seed develps from a(n)
- A.
Pollen grain
- B.
Fruit
- C.
Ovary
- D.
Sporophyte
- E.
Ovule
- 23.The tallest plant on Earth is
- A.
A giant seed fern in southern Peru
- B.
379 ft. redwood tree in California
- C.
A 500 ft kelp living off the coast of california
- D.
A 740 ft white oak tree in Illinois
- E.
A three mile sq sheet of red algae growing along the coastline of Alaska
- 24.White is a physical barrier in the root that regulates the flow of water to xylem via cell walls?
- A.
Phloem
- B.
Cortex
- C.
Epidermis
- D.
Plasmodesmata
- E.
Casparian strip
- 25.The plant growth response to tough is known as
- A.
Phototropism
- B.
Bolting
- C.
Geotropism
- D.
Gravitropism
- E.
Thigmotropism
- 26.Which of the following hormones might induce seeds treaterd with it to break dormancy?
- A.
Ethylene
- B.
A gibberellin
- C.
Abscisic acid
- D.
An auxin
- E.
A cytokinin
- 27.What is the difference between the heartwood and sapwood of a tree?
- A.
Heartwood contains old phloem that no longer functions and sapwood contains functioning phloem
- B.
Heartwood no longer transports water and minerals, while sapwood still conducts xylem sap
- C.
Heartwood conatins xylem and sapwood contains phloem
- D.
Sapwood contains xylem and heartwood contains phloem
- E.
Sapwood no longer tansports water and minerals, while heartwood still conducts xylem sap.
- 28.Which of the following essential macronutrient for plants is obtained directly from the air?
- A.
Magnesium
- B.
Hydrogen
- C.
Manganese
- D.
Carbon
- E.
Nitrogen
- 29.There is concern over the use of dioxin, a synthetic plant hormone as a weed killer because
- A.
It weakens the shell of the eggs of predatory birds, resulting in death of their offspring
- B.
It causes massive fish kills when it gets into lakes and streams
- C.
It can cause irreversible mutataions in crop plants
- D.
It can casue birth defects and leukemia in humans
- E.
It kills jsut as many crop plants as weeds
- 30.In a flowering plant , sperm are produced by meiosis in the
- A.
Anthers
- B.
Stigma
- C.
Sepals
- D.
Petals
- E.
Ovaries
- 31.Plants grow toward light through the action of
- A.
Solar energy
- B.
Nerves
- C.
Hormones
- D.
Enyzmes
- E.
Chloroplasts
- 32.Removing the terminal bud of a plant that shows apical dominance will cause
- A.
Increased growth of axillary buds
- B.
An increase in the size of the leaves
- C.
Increased grwoth of ther terminal bud
- D.
An immediate flowering of the plant
- E.
An increase in the growth of the root systerm
- 33.Legumes such as beans or peas
- A.
Form mycoohizal associations to increase nitrogen fixation in the soil
- B.
Form parasitic relationships with other photosynthetic plants
- C.
Fix N2 from the atmosphere in theri leaves
- D.
Are poor sources of nitrogen because they are unable to fix N2 on their own
- E.
Form mutualistic associations with nitrogen-fixing bacteria
- 34.The increase in grith associated with production of wood and bark in trees occurs as a consequence of
- A.
Indeterminate growth
- B.
Sexual reproduction
- C.
Secondary growth
- D.
Primary growth
- E.
Growth in apical meristems
- 35.Generally speaking, fluids in plants are
- A.
Pushed through both xylem and phloem
- B.
Actively pumped throughout the plant
- C.
Pushed throught phloem and pulled through xylem
- D.
Pushed through xylem and pulled through phloem
- E.
Pulled through both xylem and phloem
- 36.Why might mutualistic relationships between plants and other oganism be expected to evolve
- A.
Because they benefit both organisms and increase their fitness
- B.
Because they tend to decrease mutution rate
- C.
Because they decrease competition in plant populations
- D.
Because the pltants and organisms have existed for millions of years
- E.
Because the plants and organisms occupy the same environment
- 37.In a showy flower such as a magnolia or rose, the flower parts that ply the main role in attracting the notice of animal pollinators are the
- A.
Furits
- B.
Petals
- C.
Stamens
- D.
Sepals
- E.
Stigmas
- 38.Which of the following types of plant cells help regulate the movement of carbon dioxide into and out of the leaf
- A.
Xylem
- B.
Root hairs
- C.
Sieve tubes
- D.
Companion cells
- E.
Guard cells
- 39.Which of the following is a way that plants use animals as a defense against herbivores?
- A.
Production of an amino acid that harms herbivores
- B.
Coevolution between plants and predators
- C.
Production of hormones to induce acquired resistnace to herbivores
- D.
Release of microb-killing chemicals in response to infection
- E.
Attraction of wasps that kill herbivorous catepilliars
- 40.Which of the following is one adptive advantage for didous plants that lose thier leaves during the winter?
- A.
It prevents water loss from leaves when soil water is unavilable due to freezing
- B.
It improves reproductive success in insect-pollinated plants
- C.
If leaves are damaged by frost, the tree will die
- D.
A layer of leaves on the ground helpts keep plants roots warm
- E.
Production of new leaves each spring is more effieicent than supporting old leaves all winter
- 41.________ increase the surface area of roots
- A.
Root hairs
- B.
Mycorrhizae
- C.
Plasmodesmata
- D.
Cell walls and endoplasmic reticulum
- E.
Root hiars ane mycorrhizae
- 42.Legumes are frequently grown in rotation with primary field crops. What is the benefit oin this?
- A.
A greater amount of the primary crop can be harvested each year
- B.
Nitrogen is added to the soild by nitrogen fixing bacteria
- C.
Soil erosing is reduced by frequent plowing
- D.
Leguems decrease the amount of organic material in the soil
- E.
Aeration of the soil is decreased
- 43.Most trees and shrubs continue to grow year after year. Such plants are known as
- A.
Perennials
- B.
Transannuals
- C.
Annuals
- D.
Biennials
- E.
Superannuals
- 44.The relationship beween a plant and mycohizal fungi is best described as
- A.
Parasitic
- B.
Competitive
- C.
Neutral
- D.
Commensal
- E.
Mutualistic
- 45.Monocot floral parts usually occur in multiples of
- A.
Two
- B.
Seven
- C.
Three
- D.
Four
- E.
Five
- 46.What is the node of a plant stem?
- A.
The area between the shoots and the roots
- B.
Small pore where gases are exhanged
- C.
The point of leaf attachment
- D.
The point of apical dominance
- E.
The main photosynthetic organ of the stem
- 47.What is the role of the fungus in a mycorrhizal association?
- A.
Release of water
- B.
Production of sugars
- C.
Photosynthesis
- D.
Secreation of growth factors
- E.
Absorption of phosphate
- 48.Photosynthesis occurs in which type of plant tissue?
- A.
Epidermal tissue
- B.
Parenchyma
- C.
Vascular cambium
- D.
Collenchyma
- E.
Sclerenchyma
- 49.What sprodcution of axuxinstimulates germination of desert plant seeds after a hard rain?
- A.
Production of auxins
- B.
Removal of ethylene
- C.
Cooler temperatures
- D.
Removal of abscisic acid
- E.
Activation of cytokinis
- 50.The male organ of a flower is the
- A.
Stigma
- B.
Carpel
- C.
Sepal
- D.
Stamen
- E.
Style
- 51.Plant must be produced in largehormones
- A.
Must be produced in large quantities to be effective
- B.
Are rare and produced only in response to stress
- C.
Act on all cells they encounter
- D.
Are chemical signals that influence growth and development
- E.
Usually work independently of each other
- 52.What fionic bondingoOsmosisrce is responsible for the cohesiveness of water?
- A.
Osmosis
- B.
Ionic bonding
- C.
Hydrogen bonding between water molecules
- D.
Diffusion of ions
- E.
Negative pressure created by evaporation
- 53.A plants first line of defense against infection is
- A.
Salicylic acid
- B.
Avr genes
- C.
Systemic acquired resistance
- D.
R genes
- E.
Its epidermis
- 54.What are the macronutirents present in most commercial fertilizers?
- A.
C, H, and N
- B.
C, N, and P
- C.
N, P, and K
- D.
N, C, and K
- E.
C, H, and O
- 55.How does phytochrome control flowering?
- A.
By determing whether day lenth exceeds a critical miniumn
- B.
By determing whether day lenth is shorter than a critical maximum
- C.
By inducing differntiation of cells in the apical meristem
- D.
By inducing cell division in apcial mersitems
- E.
By senseing sunrise and sunset
- 56.The type of plant vascular tissue specialized to conduct food such as sugars is known as
- A.
Xylem
- B.
Collenchyma
- C.
Parenchyma
- D.
Phloem
- E.
Sclerenchyma
- 57.Micronutrients fucntion in plants mainly as
- A.
Food reserves for pollen grains
- B.
Regulators of membrane transport
- C.
Joining elements in organic molecules carbon skeletons
- D.
Cofactors in chemical reactions
- E.
Components of microtubules
- 58.Which of the flollowing cells provide fexible support to the growing parts of platns?
- A.
Tracheids
- B.
Sieve-tube members
- C.
Parenchyma celles
- D.
Sclerenchyma cells
- E.
Collenchyma cells
- 59.The cheif fucntion of roots haris is to
- A.
Decrease the anchoring pwoer of roots
- B.
Provide a home for symbiotic bacteria
- C.
Provide a direct passage way form the soil to the vascular cylinder
- D.
Increase the surface area for absorption of water and minerals
- E.
Protect roots from freezing temerpatrues
- 60.The proes that facilitat gas exhange in platn leaves are called
- A.
Cuticles
- B.
Lenticles
- C.
Stomata
- D.
Plasmodesmata
- E.
Guard cells
- 61.Which types of plant hormone gernerally acts as a growth inhibitor?
- A.
Cytokinins
- B.
Ethylene
- C.
Gibberelinns
- D.
Auxins
- E.
Abscisic acid
- 62.Carnivorousness in platns is primariliy an adaption for
- A.
Discouraging hervirous insects
- B.
Providing extra nutrients for mycorrhizal fungi
- C.
Growing in soil poor in organic material
- D.
Obtaining supplemtnal carbon for photosynthesis
- E.
Growing in soil poor in usable nitrogen
- 63.Which of the following is a funciton of fruits
- A.
Attracting pollinators
- B.
Seed dispersal
- C.
Protection of ovules
- D.
Pollen dispersal
- E.
Prodcution of food for the devleoping embryo
- 64.What is the speficif tern that refers to seasonal changes in the realitive lengths of nigth and day?
- A.
Ciradian rhythm
- B.
Photoperiod
- C.
Graviropism
- D.
Phototaxis
- E.
Chemotaxis
- 65.Mimosa plants spread their leaflets during the day and fold them at night. You decide to design an experiment to test whether mimosa's leaf movements are congrlled by a biological clock. Which of the flowing experiments would test your hypothese
- A.
Growing the plants indoors and turing the lights on in the middle of the night. If a biological clock is conrolling leaf movement the leaves will open.
- B.
Put ting the paltnin a dark closet at nightfall. chekcon the plant in the morning at about 10 hours later, while the plant is till in the lcoset. if the leaves are open, a biological clock is indicated.
- 66.On a trip to the southwest, you and a friend collect some seeds from a pinon, which is a type of pine tree. Your friend also gathers a small bagful of soild for under the pinon tree. Back home both of you plants your seeds in commerical sterilized poittting soil, but your firend addsa spoonful of collectedd dirt to each of her pots. her seedling do better than yours. which of the floowing is the likeliest reason?
- A.
The soild from the southest probably contined fungi able to establish a mycorrhizal association with the seedlings roots.
- B.
The soil from the southwest probably contained nitrogen fixing bactera that colonized seelings root nodles
- 67.The most reliabel way to stmulate branching in a plant is to
- A.
Apply aucin to the axillary buds
- B.
Add extra fertilizer
- C.
Remove the terminal buds
- D.
Give short-day light treatments
- E.
Apply ethylene
- 68.What is the main effect of auxins on plant growth
- A.
They reduce growth by preventing cell elongation
- B.
They increase grwtoh by promoting cell division and elongation
- C.
Auxins have no effect on plant growth
- D.
They increase grwoth by increasing the rate of photysynthesis
- E.
They reduce growth by inhibiting cell division
- 69.If the auxin that is produced by an apical meristem is transported in euqal amounts down all sides of a twig, the twig will probably
- A.
Elongate evenly
- B.
Branch near its tip
- C.
Flower
- D.
Bend away from the apical meristem
- E.
Develop furit
- 70.Synthetic auxins are used commerically
- A.
To promote flowering in ornamental crops
- B.
As a broadleaf week killer
- C.
To promote seed germination
- D.
To promote fuirt ripening
- E.
To promote side branching to produce bushier crops
- 71.Which of the following growth responses causes teh shoots of plant grown in the dark to grwo upward.
- A.
Thigmotropism
- B.
Gravitropism
- C.
Heterotropism
- D.
Photoperiodism
- E.
Photoropism
- 72.A platn with a critical minimum day lenght of 14 hours that flowers in teh summer is a
- A.
Long-day plant
- B.
Short day plant
- C.
Neutral night plant
- D.
Short day plant
- E.
Neutral day plant
- 73.___ of the soil contains the most organic matter.
- A.
C horizon
- B.
O horizon
- C.
A horizon
- D.
B horizon
- 74.Adaptations of conifers like pine tree doesn't include:
- A.
Needle like leaves with thick cuticle
- B.
Suken sotmata and resin duct
- C.
Presence of hypodermis and endodermis
- D.
Presence of spines
- 75.A maple tree is an example of an___plant and corn is an exampel of An __plant.
- A.
Annual, biennial
- B.
Biennial, perennial
- C.
Perennial, annual
- D.
Perennial-biennial
- 76.What type of plant tissue covers and protects the plant and controls gas exchange?
- A.
Vascular tissue
- B.
Ground tissue
- C.
Meristematic tissue
- D.
Dermal tissue
- 77.Root hairs are an exapmle of _ and its function is to_.
- A.
Dermal tissue, increase surface area
- B.
Merstematic tissue, conduct photosynthesis
- C.
Vascular tissue, reduce water loss
- D.
Ground tissue, support the plant
- 78.Which of the following is not a function of the root system?
- A.
Photosynthesis
- B.
Anchor plant into the soil
- C.
Uptake of nutrients
- D.
Absorb water
- 79.Where does gas exchange occur in vascular plant leaves?
- A.
Stomata
- B.
Guard cells
- C.
Chloroplants
- D.
Cuticle
- 80.Amanda works at a nursery and is told to remove dicot seedlings from a soil bed. Which of the following should she use to identify a plant as a dicot?
- A.
Fibrous root
- B.
One seed leaf
- C.
Parallel venation
- D.
Nettedor reticulate venation
- 81.Annual rgrowth rings are formed in woody stems principally through the activities of the __.
- A.
Pericyle
- B.
Pith
- C.
Vascular cambium
- D.
Apical mersitem
- 82.Which of the following woudl be an essential macronutrient for plant growth?
- A.
Zinc
- B.
Iron
- C.
Copper
- D.
Phosphorus
- 83.In early (spring) wood cells have _-diameter and __-walls.
- A.
Large, thin
- B.
Large, thick
- C.
Small, thin
- D.
Small, thick
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