Biology End Of Course Practice Test #5
Questions and Answers
- 1.
A scientist found that the results of an experiment did not support her hypothesis. If she is following proper scientific procedure, what should she do next?
- A.
Discard those results and repeat the experiment.
- B.
Accept the hypothesis and exclude data that does not fit.
- C.
Reject the hypothesis and assume it is incorrect.
- D.
Create a new hypothesis and a new experiment to test it.
Correct Answer
D. Create a new hypothesis and a new experiment to test it.Explanation
If the scientist is following proper scientific procedure, she should create a new hypothesis and a new experiment to test it. This is because when the results of an experiment do not support the hypothesis, it indicates that the initial hypothesis may be incorrect. In order to further investigate and gather more accurate data, the scientist should develop a new hypothesis and design a new experiment that can provide more conclusive results. This iterative process of formulating new hypotheses and conducting experiments is essential in the scientific method to ensure accurate and reliable conclusions.Rate this question:
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- 2.
The graph provides information about the size of 1 rabbit population over 30 generations. What most likely happened shortly after the 10th generation to cause the change in population between Points A and B?
- A.
A fatal disease infected the rabbits.
- B.
Area farmers set traps for coyotes.
- C.
The average temperature decreased by 0.5 oC.
- D.
The average monthly rainfall increased by 0.25 in.
Correct Answer
A. A fatal disease infected the rabbits.Explanation
Shortly after the 10th generation, there was a significant change in population between Points A and B. The most likely explanation for this change is that a fatal disease infected the rabbits. This would have caused a decrease in the population as the disease spread and affected a large number of rabbits. The other options, such as area farmers setting traps for coyotes or changes in temperature and rainfall, would not directly lead to such a drastic decline in the rabbit population.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Dr. Hansen performs an experiment testing the effectiveness of different cough syrups. Identify the independent variable in the experiment.
- A.
Type of cough syrup
- B.
Flavor of the cough syrup
- C.
Number of people taking each cough syrup
- D.
Number of days people take each cough syrup
Correct Answer
A. Type of cough syrupExplanation
The independent variable in Dr. Hansen's experiment is the type of cough syrup. This is because it is the variable that is being manipulated and controlled by the researcher. The other options, such as the flavor of the cough syrup, the number of people taking each cough syrup, and the number of days people take each cough syrup, are not being intentionally changed or controlled by the researcher in this experiment.Rate this question:
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- 4.
After learning about viruses in Biology class, Sam decides to have his cat vaccinated against feline leukemia virus. According to cell theory, are viruses, such as feline leukemia, considered living things?
- A.
Yes, because they can reproduce.
- B.
Yes, because they are composed of cells.
- C.
No, because they cannot adapt to their environment.
- D.
No, because they are not composed of cells.
Correct Answer
D. No, because they are not composed of cells.Explanation
According to cell theory, living things are composed of cells. Viruses, including feline leukemia virus, are not composed of cells. They are acellular particles that require a host cell to replicate and carry out their functions. Therefore, viruses are not considered living things based on the cell theory.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Which sequence is in order from the simplest level of organization to the most complex?
- A.
Muscle, erythrocyte, lipid, mitochondrion, carbon
- B.
Carbon, lipid, erythrocyte, mitochondrion, muscle
- C.
Muscle, mitochondrion, lipid, erythrocyte, carbon
- D.
Carbon, lipid, mitochondrion, erythrocyte, muscle
Correct Answer
D. Carbon, lipid, mitochondrion, erythrocyte, muscleExplanation
The sequence is in order from the simplest level of organization to the most complex because it starts with carbon, which is a basic element, then progresses to lipid, which is a simple organic compound, followed by mitochondrion, which is an organelle within cells, then erythrocyte, which is a type of cell, and finally muscle, which is a complex tissue made up of multiple cells.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Carbon-14 is a radioactive isotope used to determine the age of ancient objects composed of organic matter. Carbon-12 and carbon-13 are other isotopes of carbon. The number of what subatomic particles varies among these carbon isotopes?
- A.
Electrons
- B.
Neutrons
- C.
Photons
- D.
Protons
Correct Answer
B. NeutronsExplanation
Carbon-14, Carbon-12, and Carbon-13 are isotopes of carbon, meaning they have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. The number of protons in carbon remains the same, which is 6. However, the number of neutrons differs among these isotopes. Carbon-14 has 8 neutrons, Carbon-12 has 6 neutrons, and Carbon-13 has 7 neutrons. Therefore, the correct answer is neutrons.Rate this question:
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- 7.
As part of an experiment, a student adds 10 mL of 5% hydrochloric acid solution to 100 mL of a non-buffered, colorless solution of sugar. What is the most likely result?
- A.
The concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-) will increase.
- B.
The concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) will increase.
- C.
The pH will not change.
- D.
The pH will increase.
Correct Answer
B. The concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) will increase.Explanation
When hydrochloric acid (HCl) is added to a solution, it dissociates into hydrogen ions (H+) and chloride ions (Cl-). Since the concentration of hydrochloric acid is increased by adding 10 mL of 5% HCl solution, the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) will also increase. This increase in the concentration of hydrogen ions will lead to a decrease in the pH of the solution, making it more acidic. Therefore, the most likely result is that the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) will increase.Rate this question:
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- 8.
A Paramecium lives in an environment that is hypotonic to its cytoplasm. how does the Paramecium maintain homeostasis under these conditions?
- A.
It expels excess water using contractile vacuoles.
- B.
It expels excess sodium using the sodium-potassium pump.
- C.
It absorbs additional water through osmosis.
- D.
It absorbs additional sodium through facilitated diffusion.
Correct Answer
A. It expels excess water using contractile vacuoles.Explanation
In a hypotonic environment, the Paramecium faces the risk of taking in too much water, which can cause the cell to burst. To maintain homeostasis, the Paramecium expels excess water using contractile vacuoles. These vacuoles collect and pump out the excess water, preventing the cell from swelling and maintaining the balance of water inside the cell. This mechanism allows the Paramecium to survive and function properly in a hypotonic environment.Rate this question:
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- 9.
After Harrison adds a chemical to cells growing in a test tube, proteins accumulate in the cells' endoplasmic reticula. The chemical prevents movement of proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to which organelle?
- A.
Golgi apparatus
- B.
Lysosome
- C.
Mitochondrion
- D.
Ribosome
Correct Answer
A. Golgi apparatusExplanation
The Golgi apparatus is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins that are synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum. Therefore, if the chemical added by Harrison prevents movement of proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum, it would logically affect the Golgi apparatus, as proteins would not be able to reach this organelle for further processing and packaging.Rate this question:
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- 10.
What is the purpose of mitosis?
- A.
To produce 2 cells, each with 1 complete set of chromosomes
- B.
To produce 2 cells, each with half the normal number of chromosomes
- C.
To produce 4 cells, each with 1 complete set of chromosomes
- D.
To produce 4 cells, each with half the normal number of chromosomes
Correct Answer
A. To produce 2 cells, each with 1 complete set of chromosomesExplanation
Mitosis is the process of cell division that results in the formation of two daughter cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. This ensures that each daughter cell receives a complete set of chromosomes, allowing for the growth, repair, and replacement of cells in multicellular organisms. Therefore, the purpose of mitosis is to produce two cells, each with one complete set of chromosomes.Rate this question:
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- 11.
While investigating yeast respiration, a researcher detects ethanol in the yeast culture. Which molecules does the yeast culture also contain?
- A.
Lactic acid and ATP
- B.
Oxygen and lactic acid
- C.
Carbon dioxide and ATP
- D.
Oxygen and carbon dioxide
Correct Answer
C. Carbon dioxide and ATPExplanation
Yeast respiration is a process that involves the breakdown of glucose to produce energy in the form of ATP. One of the byproducts of this process is carbon dioxide. Therefore, it is expected that a yeast culture undergoing respiration would contain carbon dioxide. Additionally, ATP is the energy currency of cells, and since yeast is actively respiring, it would require ATP for its metabolic processes. Hence, the correct answer is carbon dioxide and ATP.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Red blood cells have a salt content of 0.9%. When a microbiologist places red blood cells in pure water, osmosis occurs. What net movement of a substance occurs in this instance of osmosis?
- A.
Water molecules move out of the cells.
- B.
Water molecules move into the cells.
- C.
Salt ions move out of the cells.
- D.
Salt ions move into the cells.
Correct Answer
B. Water molecules move into the cells.Explanation
When red blood cells are placed in pure water, osmosis occurs. Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration across a selectively permeable membrane. In this case, the red blood cells have a higher solute concentration (0.9% salt content) compared to the pure water. Therefore, water molecules move into the cells to equalize the solute concentration on both sides of the membrane.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Which is the LEAST likely trait of an organic molecule?
- A.
The molecules may exist as isomers.
- B.
The backbone is linear, cyclic, or branched.
- C.
Ionic bonds are present between the atoms.
- D.
Functional groups, such as alcohols, are present.
Correct Answer
C. Ionic bonds are present between the atoms.Explanation
Ionic bonds are least likely to be present in organic molecules. Organic molecules are primarily composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms, which tend to form covalent bonds. Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons between atoms of different electronegativities, resulting in the formation of ions. Since organic molecules typically consist of nonmetallic elements, such as carbon and hydrogen, which have similar electronegativities, the formation of ionic bonds is less likely. Covalent bonds, on the other hand, involve the sharing of electrons between atoms and are more common in organic molecules.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Cosmetics often contain glycerol (C3H8O3), which has three identical functional groups. Which type of bond holds these functional groups together?
- A.
Covalent
- B.
Hydrogen
- C.
Intermolecular
- D.
Ionic
Correct Answer
A. CovalentExplanation
Glycerol (C3H8O3) is a molecule composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. The three identical functional groups in glycerol are hydroxyl groups (-OH). Covalent bonds hold these functional groups together within the molecule. Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms, allowing them to form stable molecular structures. In the case of glycerol, the covalent bonds between the carbon and oxygen atoms in the hydroxyl groups hold the functional groups together within the molecule.Rate this question:
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- 15.
What trait of an ATP molecule enables it to store energy for use by cells?
- A.
Its small size
- B.
Its solubility in water
- C.
Its ability to form hydrogen bonds
- D.
Its phosphate-phosphate bond
Correct Answer
D. Its phosphate-phosphate bondExplanation
The phosphate-phosphate bond in an ATP molecule enables it to store energy for use by cells. When this bond is broken, energy is released, which can be used by cells for various metabolic processes. This bond is particularly high in energy due to the repulsion between the negatively charged phosphate groups.Rate this question:
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- 16.
What combine with sugar and a phosphate group to form a nucleotide?
- A.
Amino acid
- B.
Deoxyribose
- C.
Glycerol
- D.
Nitrogenous base
Correct Answer
D. Nitrogenous baseExplanation
Nitrogenous bases combine with sugar and a phosphate group to form a nucleotide. Nucleotides are the building blocks of nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA. They consist of a sugar molecule (in this case, deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. The nitrogenous base is responsible for the genetic coding and determines the specific sequence of nucleotides in a DNA molecule. Different nitrogenous bases include adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is a sex-linked recessive trait that affects the nervous system. In one family, the father, mother, daughter, and elder son do not have ALD, while the younger son has ALD. Who must be a carrier of the ALD allele?
- A.
Father
- B.
Mother
- C.
Daughter
- D.
Elder son
Correct Answer
B. MotherExplanation
The mother must be a carrier of the ALD allele because ALD is a sex-linked recessive trait. This means that the gene responsible for ALD is located on the X chromosome. Males have one X and one Y chromosome, while females have two X chromosomes. Since the father does not have ALD, he cannot be a carrier because he only has one X chromosome. The elder son also cannot be a carrier because he does not have ALD. The daughter could be a carrier, but since the younger son has ALD, it is more likely that the mother is the carrier and passed the allele onto her son.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disease in which mucus accumulates in the lungs and digestive system of affected individuals. Males and females must inherit 2 alleles with this mutation to have the disease. What is the mode of inheritance of cystic fibrosis?
- A.
Autosomal dominant
- B.
Autosomal recessive
- C.
Sex-linked dominant
- D.
Sex-linked recessive
Correct Answer
B. Autosomal recessiveExplanation
Cystic fibrosis is caused by a mutation in a gene that is located on an autosomal chromosome, which means it is not linked to the sex chromosomes. In autosomal recessive inheritance, both copies of the gene must have the mutation for the disease to be present. Therefore, individuals with cystic fibrosis must inherit two copies of the mutated gene, one from each parent. This mode of inheritance explains why males and females are equally affected by cystic fibrosis.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Which event of meiosis reveals the mechanism for understanding Mendel's laws of segregation and independent assortment?
- A.
Chromosome number is reduced during telophase I so gametes have half the standard number of chromosomes.
- B.
The arrangement of homologous chromosomes during metaphase I varies from cell to cell.
- C.
Centromeres break apart during anaphase II so that sister chromatids can move to opposite poles of the cell.
- D.
DNA is replicated during interphase before chromosomes condense and become attached to kinetochores.
Correct Answer
B. The arrangement of homologous chromosomes during metaphase I varies from cell to cell.Explanation
The arrangement of homologous chromosomes during metaphase I varies from cell to cell. This event of meiosis is crucial for understanding Mendel's laws of segregation and independent assortment because it is during metaphase I that homologous chromosomes align randomly along the equatorial plane of the cell. This random alignment leads to the independent assortment of alleles and the segregation of different traits into different gametes, as described by Mendel's laws. Therefore, the variation in the arrangement of homologous chromosomes during metaphase I provides the mechanism for the inheritance patterns observed in Mendel's experiments.Rate this question:
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- 20.
During what phase of meiosis does nondisjunction occur?
- A.
Metaphase I
- B.
Anaphase I
- C.
Prophase II
- D.
Metaphase II
Correct Answer
B. Anaphase IExplanation
During meiosis, nondisjunction can occur during Anaphase I. Anaphase I is the phase where homologous chromosomes separate and move to opposite poles of the cell. If nondisjunction occurs, it means that the chromosomes fail to separate properly, resulting in an abnormal distribution of chromosomes in the daughter cells. This can lead to genetic disorders and abnormalities in the offspring.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Keisha passes a local dairy farm that has many brown cows, but only a few white cows. A dominant allele produces brown hair in cows and a recessive allele produces white hair. Which characteristic of any brown cow can Keisha identify?
- A.
The genotype of both of the cow's parents.
- B.
The genotype of the cow's hair color.
- C.
The phenotype of both of the cow's parents.
- D.
The phenotype of the cow's hair color.
Correct Answer
D. The phenotype of the cow's hair color.Explanation
Keisha can identify the phenotype of the cow's hair color because the question states that the dominant allele produces brown hair and the recessive allele produces white hair. Phenotype refers to the physical characteristics or traits that are expressed, in this case, the color of the cow's hair. The genotype refers to the genetic makeup of the cow, specifically the alleles it carries, which cannot be determined just by observing the cow's hair color. The genotype of the cow's parents and the phenotype of the cow's parents are not relevant to identifying the characteristic of any brown cow.Rate this question:
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- 22.
What process of natural selection favors the extreme phenotypes of a trait and eliminates intermediate phenotypes?
- A.
Directional selection
- B.
Disruptive selection
- C.
Random selection
- D.
Stabilizing selection
Correct Answer
B. Disruptive selectionExplanation
Disruptive selection is the process of natural selection that favors the extreme phenotypes of a trait and eliminates intermediate phenotypes. This occurs when individuals with extreme variations of a trait have a higher fitness compared to individuals with intermediate variations. As a result, the population becomes divided into two distinct groups, each with their own extreme phenotype. This can lead to the formation of new species or the diversification of existing species.Rate this question:
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- 23.
According to fossil evidence, whales evolved from 4-legged ancestors. The modern baleen whale has forelimbs, but inspection of its skeleton reveals only tiny vestigial hind limbs. What is the best explanation for this loss of hind limbs in the baleen whale?
- A.
The hind limbs adapted into flippers to help the whale swim faster.
- B.
Random chance and genetic drift led to the reduction in size of hind limbs.
- C.
Whales with shorter hind limbs swam faster than those with longer hind limbs.
- D.
Some whales lost longer hind limbs to predators and passed that trait to their offspring.
Correct Answer
C. Whales with shorter hind limbs swam faster than those with longer hind limbs.Explanation
The best explanation for the loss of hind limbs in the baleen whale is that whales with shorter hind limbs swam faster than those with longer hind limbs. This suggests that natural selection favored individuals with shorter hind limbs, as it provided them with a competitive advantage in terms of swimming speed. Over time, this trait became more prevalent in the population, leading to the reduction and eventual loss of hind limbs in baleen whales.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Which criterion is NOT necessarily true of a trait that has evolved through natural selection?
- A.
It is heritable.
- B.
It varies among individuals.
- C.
It increases individuals' life spans.
- D.
It influences individuals' reproductive success.
Correct Answer
C. It increases individuals' life spans.Explanation
The criterion that is NOT necessarily true of a trait that has evolved through natural selection is that it increases individuals' life spans. While natural selection can favor traits that increase an individual's chances of survival and reproduction, it does not always result in longer life spans. Some traits that have evolved through natural selection may actually decrease life spans if they provide a reproductive advantage or other benefits that outweigh the costs of reduced longevity.Rate this question:
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- 25.
What accounts for genetic biodiversity existing in modern multicellular organisms?
- A.
Mutations in gametes are passed to offspring.
- B.
Protein mutations cause DNA changes, creating new species.
- C.
Genetic mutations form when similar species mate and reproduce.
- D.
Somatic cell DNA mutations create new phenotypes in the population.
Correct Answer
A. Mutations in gametes are passed to offspring.Explanation
Genetic biodiversity in modern multicellular organisms is accounted for by mutations in gametes being passed on to offspring. Gametes, such as sperm and eggs, carry genetic information and any mutations that occur in these cells can be inherited by the next generation. This process of genetic variation through mutation is one of the main drivers of biodiversity, as it introduces new genetic traits and variations into populations over time.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Lazzaro Spallanzani and Louis Pasteur both performed experiments hoping to disprove spontaneous generation. What conditions existed in Pasteur's experiment that did not exist in Spallanzani's?
- A.
Air could enter the flasks, but no microorganisms could enter.
- B.
No air could enter the flasks, but microorganisms could enter.
- C.
Neither air nor microorganisms could enter the flasks.
- D.
Both air and microorganisms could enter the flasks.
Correct Answer
A. Air could enter the flasks, but no microorganisms could enter.Explanation
In Pasteur's experiment, air could enter the flasks, but no microorganisms could enter. This is different from Spallanzani's experiment where neither air nor microorganisms could enter the flasks. By allowing air to enter the flasks, Pasteur was able to show that spontaneous generation did not occur because the broth in the flasks did not become contaminated with microorganisms from the air. This demonstrated that the presence of microorganisms was necessary for the growth of new organisms, contradicting the idea of spontaneous generation.Rate this question:
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- 27.
In pea plants, purple flowers are dominant to white flowers and tall stems are dominant to short stems. If two heterozygotes for both height and flower color are crossed, what is the probability of having short stemmed pea plants with purple flowers?
- A.
9/16
- B.
1/4
- C.
3/16
- D.
1/16
Correct Answer
C. 3/16Explanation
When two heterozygotes for both height and flower color are crossed, the possible combinations of alleles are PPSS, PPSs, PpSS, and PpSs. Out of these combinations, only one combination (PpSs) will result in short stemmed pea plants with purple flowers. Therefore, the probability of having short stemmed pea plants with purple flowers is 1 out of 16 possible combinations, which is equivalent to 1/16.Rate this question:
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- 28.
In addition to the reproductive system, which body system is most directly essential to the production of gametes and offspring?
- A.
Circulatory
- B.
Endocrine
- C.
Immune
- D.
Nervous
Correct Answer
B. EndocrineExplanation
Endocrine system produces hormones that are needed to produce gametes (ex: testosterone & estrogen).Rate this question:
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- 29.
Plant cells contain both a cell wall land a cell membrane. What is the composition of the cell wall and where is it located in relation to the cell membrane?
- A.
Cellulose, inside the cell membrane
- B.
Cellulose, outside the cell membrane
- C.
Glucose, inside the cell membrane
- D.
Glucose, outside the cell membrane
Correct Answer
B. Cellulose, outside the cell membraneExplanation
The cell wall of plant cells is composed of cellulose and is located outside the cell membrane. Cellulose provides rigidity and support to the cell, helping to maintain its shape. It acts as a protective barrier, preventing the cell from bursting when it absorbs water. The cell membrane, on the other hand, is a selectively permeable barrier that controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.Rate this question:
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- 30.
Thylakoid membranes within chloroplasts contain chlorophyll. The Calvin cycle occurs in the stroma of the chloroplasts. How are the processes occurring within the Calvin cycle and the thylakoid membrane connected?
- A.
The Calvin cycle uses high-energy molecules formed within the thylakoid membrane to convert carbon dioxide into sugar molecules.
- B.
The Calvin cycle uses sugar molecules formed within the thylakoid membrane to generate high-energy molecules.
- C.
The processes in the thylakoid membrane use high-energy molecules formed during the Calvin cycle to convert carbon dioxide into sugar molecules.
- D.
The processes in the thylakoid membrane use sugar molecules formed during the Calvin cycle to generate high-energy molecules.
Correct Answer
A. The Calvin cycle uses high-energy molecules formed within the thylakoid membrane to convert carbon dioxide into sugar molecules.Explanation
The Calvin cycle and the processes in the thylakoid membrane are connected through the use of high-energy molecules. The high-energy molecules formed within the thylakoid membrane are utilized by the Calvin cycle to convert carbon dioxide into sugar molecules. This indicates that the Calvin cycle relies on the energy produced in the thylakoid membrane to carry out its function of sugar synthesis.Rate this question:
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- 31.
Hummingbirds transfer pollen from one flower to another while feeding. What plant structure contains the pollen?
- A.
Carpel
- B.
Petal
- C.
Sepal
- D.
Stamen
Correct Answer
D. StamenExplanation
Pistil = female part which produces the ovum
Stamen = male part which produces the sperm contained in pollenRate this question:
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- 32.
Which group(s) contain organsims that can be classified as primary producers?
- A.
Monerans only
- B.
Protists only
- C.
Monerans and protists
- D.
Viruses and monerans
Correct Answer
C. Monerans and protistsExplanation
In addition to plants, algae (protists) and some bacteria (monerans) are autotrophs (a.k.a. producers).Rate this question:
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- 33.
The presence of what cellular structure distinguishes a plant cell from an animal cell?
- A.
Cell membrane
- B.
Chloroplast
- C.
Mitochondrion
- D.
Nucleus
Correct Answer
B. ChloroplastExplanation
Chloroplast is the correct answer because it is a unique cellular structure found only in plant cells. It is responsible for photosynthesis, the process by which plants convert sunlight into energy. Animal cells do not have chloroplasts, so the presence of this structure distinguishes plant cells from animal cells.Rate this question:
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- 34.
In a classic study of population growth, G.F. Gause obtained data on growth rates of 2 species of Paramecium, a common ciliate protozoan. The 2 species grew in separate cultures. The graph shows his results. According to these data, which is the most accurate comparison of the 2 species' growth rates.
- A.
Both show exponential growth, but P. caudatum has a higher rate of increase.
- B.
Both show logistic growth, but P. caudatum has a higher rate of increase.
- C.
P. caudatum shows exponential growth, but P. bursaria shows logistic growth.
- D.
P. bursaria shows exponential growth, but P. caudatum shows logistic growth.
Correct Answer
B. Both show logistic growth, but P. caudatum has a higher rate of increase.Explanation
The graph shows that both species of Paramecium exhibit a sigmoidal or S-shaped growth curve, which is characteristic of logistic growth. This type of growth occurs when a population initially grows exponentially but eventually levels off due to limited resources or other factors. In this case, P. caudatum has a higher rate of increase compared to P. bursaria, as indicated by its steeper slope on the graph. Therefore, the most accurate comparison of the two species' growth rates is that both show logistic growth, but P. caudatum has a higher rate of increase.Rate this question:
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- 35.
A flagellated protozoan lives within the intestines of a termite and helps it digest wood. What type of relationship most likely exists between the protozoan and the termite?
- A.
Competitive
- B.
Mutualistic
- C.
Parasitic
- D.
Predatory
Correct Answer
B. MutualisticExplanation
The flagellated protozoan living within the intestines of a termite and helping it digest wood suggests a mutualistic relationship. Mutualism is a type of symbiotic relationship where both organisms benefit from each other. In this case, the protozoan benefits by obtaining a habitat and a source of food, while the termite benefits from the protozoan's ability to break down cellulose in wood, which it cannot digest on its own.Rate this question:
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- 36.
If a football field in the taiga is abandoned, which group of organisms will most likely be part of the resulting climax community?
- A.
Apple tree, deer, and wolf
- B.
Cactus, snake, and hawk
- C.
Grass, mouse, and coyote
- D.
Pine tree, moose, and bear
Correct Answer
D. Pine tree, moose, and bearExplanation
In the taiga, which is a cold and coniferous forest biome, the climax community is likely to be composed of pine trees, moose, and bears. Pine trees are well-adapted to the taiga's cold climate and acidic soil, making them dominant in the area. Moose are herbivores that feed on the pine trees and other vegetation, while bears are omnivores that feed on both plants and animals. This combination of organisms represents a typical food chain in the taiga, where the pine trees provide food and habitat for the moose, and the moose provide food for the bears.Rate this question:
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- 37.
When a new volcanic island forms, the pioneer species is the first species to successfully inhabit the island. Which organism is the most likely candidate for a pioneer species?
- A.
A seagull hatched from an egg laid on the island
- B.
A palm tree grown from a coconut that washed onto shore
- C.
Lichen spores deposited on rocks by the wind
- D.
Insect larvae carried on a piece of driftwood
Correct Answer
C. Lichen spores deposited on rocks by the windExplanation
Lichen spores are well-suited to colonize a new volcanic island because they can survive in harsh conditions and can grow on rocks. They do not require soil to grow, making them the most likely candidate for a pioneer species on a newly formed island. Seagulls, palm trees, and insect larvae are not as well-adapted to colonize a new island without the presence of established ecosystems or suitable habitats.Rate this question:
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- 38.
In the following food chain, assuming that the producer contains 180,000 J of energy, how much energy would be able to be transferred to the tertiary consumer? Plant --> Mouse --> Snake --> Owl --> Fungus
- A.
180 J
- B.
18, 000 J
- C.
1, 800 J
- D.
18 J
Correct Answer
A. 180 JExplanation
In a food chain, energy is transferred from one organism to another. Each organism consumes a certain amount of energy from the organism it preys upon. In this food chain, the energy is transferred from the plant to the mouse, then to the snake, then to the owl, and finally to the fungus. The energy available to the tertiary consumer, which is the owl in this case, would be the same as the energy available to the primary producer, which is 180 J.Rate this question:
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- 39.
Lions and tigers both belong to genus Panthera., Cheetahs belong to the genus Achinonyx. Scientists group these 3 types of cats together at the next taxonomic level. What is the most specific taxonomic level that lions, cheetahs, and tigers share?
- A.
Class
- B.
Family
- C.
Kingdom
- D.
Order
Correct Answer
B. FamilyExplanation
Lions, cheetahs, and tigers share the most specific taxonomic level of "Family." This is because they all belong to the same family, Felidae, which is a higher taxonomic level than genus but lower than order.Rate this question:
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.png "In a classic study of population growth, G.F. Gause obtained data on growth rates of 2 species of Paramecium, a common ciliate protozoan. The 2 species grew in separate cultures. The graph shows his results.
According to these data, which is the most accurate comparison of the 2 species' growth rates.")
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