Biology 1402 Exam 2 (Part 1)
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Which of the following features in embryonic development of deuterostomes does not represent a major difference from protostomes?
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Pattern of blastopore formation
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Radial cleavage pattern for cell division
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Number of primary germ layers
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The first cleavage divisions of the fertilized embryo produce identical daughter cells, and any single cell, if separated can develop into a complete organism.
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The coelom is normally produced by an invagination of the archenteron.
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This Biology 1402 Exam assesses understanding of key differences between protostomes and deuterostomes in embryonic development. Topics include germ layers, cleavage patterns, and embryonic development paths, crucial for students specializing in developmental biology and zoology.
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- 2.
Of the following combination of statements about protostomes and deuterostomes, which choice is correct?
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Protostomes are animals in which the mouth develops from the blastopore. The anus or anal pore of protostomes develops from the second opening. Deuterostomes are animals in which the anus develops from the blastopore and the mouth develops secondarily later in their development.
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Protostomes are animals in which the anus develops from the blastopore. The mouth of protostomes develops from the second opening. Deuterostomes are animals in which the anus develops from the blastopore and the mouth develops secondarily later in their development.
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Protostomes are animals in which the mouth develops from the blastopore. The anus or anal pore of protostomes develops from the second opening. Deuterostomes are animals in which the mouth develops from the blastopore and the anus develops secondarily later in their development. Protostomes are animals in which the mouth develops from the blastopore. The anus or anal pore of protostomes develops from the second opening. Deuterostomes are animals in which the mouth develops from the blastopore and the anus develops secondarily later in their development.
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Protostomes are animals in which the mouth or anus develops from the blastopore, depending on the species. Deuterostomes are animals in which the mouth and anus develops from the blastopore, depending on the species.
Correct Answer
A. Protostomes are animals in which the mouth develops from the blastopore. The anus or anal pore of protostomes develops from the second opening. Deuterostomes are animals in which the anus develops from the blastopore and the mouth develops secondarily later in their development.Explanation
This choice accurately describes the developmental characteristics of protostomes and deuterostomes. In protostomes, the mouth develops from the blastopore, while the anus or anal pore develops from the second opening. In deuterostomes, the anus develops from the blastopore, and the mouth develops secondarily later in their development.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Select the incorrect statement about deuterostomes from the following choices.
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Deuterostomes demonstrate radial cleavage in their embryonic development.
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Deuterostomes display indeterminate development.
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A deuterostome's coelom is produced by invagination of the archenteron.
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Examples of deuterostomes are echinoderms and chordates.
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Includes most bilaterians, including flatworms, nematodes, mollusks, annelids and arthropods.
Correct Answer
A. Includes most bilaterians, including flatworms, nematodes, mollusks, annelids and arthropods.Explanation
The given statement is incorrect because it states that "Includes most bilaterians, including flatworms, nematodes, mollusks, annelids and arthropods" is a characteristic of deuterostomes. However, this statement is actually a characteristic of protostomes, not deuterostomes. Deuterostomes include echinoderms and chordates, not the listed bilaterians.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Protostomes develop through
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Spiral cleavage
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Radial cleavage
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Axial cleavage
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Polar cleavage
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Protocleavage
Correct Answer
A. Spiral cleavageExplanation
Protostomes develop through spiral cleavage, which is a type of early embryonic development characterized by the orientation of the cell divisions. In spiral cleavage, the cells divide at oblique angles to each other, resulting in a spiral pattern of cells. This type of cleavage is commonly seen in many protostomes, such as mollusks, annelids, and arthropods. The spiral cleavage pattern plays a crucial role in determining the body plan and differentiation of cells during embryonic development.Rate this question:
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- 5.
In animals that display indeterminate develpment
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Embryonic cells have a predetermined fate
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Bilateral symmetry cannot develop
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Early embryonic cells, if separated from the embryo, can develop into complete organisms.
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Embryonic cells show spiral cleavage.
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The blastopore develops into the mouth.
Correct Answer
A. Early embryonic cells, if separated from the embryo, can develop into complete organisms.Explanation
In animals that display indeterminate development, early embryonic cells have the ability to develop into complete organisms even if they are separated from the embryo. This means that these cells are totipotent, meaning they have the potential to differentiate into any cell type and form a whole organism. This is a unique characteristic of indeterminate development, where the fate of the embryonic cells is not predetermined and can be influenced by external factors. This ability allows for regeneration and a higher degree of flexibility in the development of these animals.Rate this question:
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- 6.
A biologist discovered a new animal. Upon studying embryonic development, she observed radial cleavage with the blastopore developing into an anus. This animal was categorized as a
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Parazoan
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Radiata
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Deuterstome
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Protostome
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Pseudocoelomate
Correct Answer
A. DeuterstomeExplanation
The biologist observed radial cleavage and the blastopore developing into an anus. These characteristics are indicative of deuterostomes. In deuterostomes, the first opening that forms during embryonic development becomes the anus, and the mouth develops later. This is in contrast to protostomes, where the first opening becomes the mouth. Therefore, based on the observations made by the biologist, the animal can be categorized as a deuterostome.Rate this question:
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- 7.
In which plylum of marine animals did symmetrical body plans first evolve?
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Radiata
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Ctenophora
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Cnidaria
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Echinodermata
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Parazoa
Correct Answer
A. CnidariaExplanation
Cnidaria is the correct answer because it is the phylum in which symmetrical body plans first evolved in marine animals. Cnidarians, such as jellyfish and corals, exhibit radial symmetry, meaning their body parts are arranged around a central axis. This is in contrast to bilateral symmetry, which is found in more advanced animal phyla. The evolution of symmetrical body plans in Cnidaria was an important step in the development of animal diversity and complexity.Rate this question:
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- 8.
All of the following features are associated with bilateral symmetry in animals except
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Conferring anterior and posterior areas to the body.
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Allowing for greater efficiency in movement.
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Creating a body design of two mirror images.
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Allowing for efficiency in seeking food and mates.
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Being sessile.
Correct Answer
A. Being sessile.Explanation
Bilateral symmetry in animals refers to a body design that can be divided into two mirror images. This symmetry allows for greater efficiency in movement, as animals with bilateral symmetry have a distinct anterior (head) and posterior (tail) area, enabling them to move in a directed manner. It also confers efficiency in seeking food and mates, as animals can move towards or away from stimuli. Being sessile, on the other hand, means being fixed in one place and unable to move. This contradicts the concept of bilateral symmetry, as sessile organisms do not have distinct anterior and posterior areas and cannot exhibit efficient movement.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Solid worms that lack a body cavity are known as
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Acoelomates.
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Pseudocoelomates.
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Triploblastic.
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Coelomates.
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Diploblastic.
Correct Answer
A. Acoelomates.Explanation
The correct answer is acoelomates. Acoelomates are solid worms that lack a body cavity. A body cavity, also known as a coelom, is a fluid-filled space between the body wall and the digestive tract. Pseudocoelomates have a body cavity that is partially lined with mesoderm, while coelomates have a body cavity completely lined with mesoderm. Triploblastic refers to organisms with three germ layers, while diploblastic refers to organisms with two germ layers.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Which of the following is not true about animals?
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They constitute millions of species.
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They are very diverse in form.
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They were some of the first organisms on the earth.
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They show great mobility.
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They are found in every conceivable habitat.
Correct Answer
A. They were some of the first organisms on the earth.Explanation
Animals were not some of the first organisms on Earth. The first organisms on Earth were likely simple, single-celled organisms such as bacteria. Animals evolved much later in the history of life on Earth.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Animals are distinct among multicellular organisms in all of the following features except
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Their cells lack rigid cell walls and are flexible.
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They can move more rapidly and in more complex ways than members in other eukaryotic kingdoms.
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They develop from a zygote in a characteristic embryonic development.
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They show great diversity in size, form and structure.
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They are homotrophic.
Correct Answer
A. They are homotrophic.Explanation
The correct answer is "they are homotrophic". This is because animals are heterotrophic, meaning they obtain their energy by consuming other organisms. They cannot produce their own food through photosynthesis like autotrophic organisms.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Molecular analysis suggests that the rapid diversification during the Cambrian explosion may have been due to evolution of -------------.
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Definite shape and symmetry.
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Tissues organized into organs and organ systems.
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Distinct embryonic layers which differentiate into adult tissues.
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The Hox genes.
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Having cells organized into tissue layers.
Correct Answer
A. The Hox genes.Explanation
The Hox genes are a group of genes that play a key role in determining the body plan and development of organisms. They control the expression of other genes, regulating the formation of body structures and organs. The rapid diversification during the Cambrian explosion may have been facilitated by the evolution of Hox genes, as they allowed for the development of new body plans and the differentiation of distinct body segments. This would have led to the evolution of new species with different shapes and symmetries, as well as the organization of tissues into organs and organ systems.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Which of the following terms is mismatched with its meaning or characteristics?
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Diploblastic- ectoderm and mesoderm
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Triploblastic- ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm
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Parazoa- lacks symmetry; no tissues
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Eumetazoa- definite symmetry; tissues organized
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Chordate- animal with notochord
Correct Answer
A. Diploblastic- ectoderm and mesodermExplanation
The term "diploblastic" refers to organisms that have two germ layers, namely ectoderm and endoderm, but do not possess a mesoderm. Therefore, the term "diploblastic" is mismatched with its meaning or characteristics in the given options.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Select the correct choice to answer to the following question. What are the three animal phyla that dominate animal life on land?
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Cnidaria, Mollusca, Platyhelminthes
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Porifera, Arthropoda, Nematoda
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Nematoday, Chordata, Cnidaria
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Mollusca, Arthropoda, Chordata
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Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, Arthropoda
Correct Answer
A. Mollusca, Arthropoda, ChordataExplanation
Mollusca, Arthropoda, and Chordata are the three animal phyla that dominate animal life on land. Mollusca includes organisms like snails and slugs, Arthropoda includes insects and spiders, and Chordata includes mammals, birds, and reptiles. These three phyla have successfully adapted to terrestrial environments and have a wide range of species that inhabit land habitats.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Bilateral symmetrical animals have evolved three body cavity plans. Each of the following statements is correct with the exception of one. Select the exception.
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Acoelomates have no body cavity.
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Coelomates have a body cavity lined with mesodermal cells.
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Coelomates have a fluid filled cavity that develops entirely within the mesoderm.
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Pseudocoelomates have a body cavity that is located between the ectoderm and the endoderm.
Correct Answer
A. Pseudocoelomates have a body cavity that is located between the ectoderm and the endoderm.Explanation
Pseudocoelomates have a body cavity that is located between the ectoderm and the endoderm. This statement is incorrect because pseudocoelomates have a body cavity that is not completely lined with mesodermal cells, unlike true coelomates. Instead, their body cavity is partially lined with mesodermal cells and partially lined with endodermal cells.Rate this question:
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- 16.
A zoologist studies an animal that is a deuterostome. Which of the choices makes the sentence that follows incorrect? You know that deuterostomes
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Are bilateral symmetrical
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Evolved from protostomes.
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Are animals in which the blastopore develops into the mouth.
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Are animals in which any cell can develop into a complete organism.
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Are coelomates.
Correct Answer
A. Are animals in which the blastopore develops into the mouth.Explanation
The correct answer is "are animals in which the blastopore develops into the mouth." This statement is incorrect because deuterostomes are animals in which the blastopore develops into the anus, not the mouth.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Segmentation is the subdivision of the body into segments or metameres. True segmentation is found in which of the following phyla selections?
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Annelida, Mollusca, Arthropoda
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Echinodermata, Platyhelminthes, Cnidaria
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Mollusca, Chordata, Annelida
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Arthropoda, Chordata, Porifera
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Arthropoda, Annelida, Chordata
Correct Answer
A. Arthropoda, Annelida, ChordataExplanation
True segmentation is found in Arthropoda, Annelida, and Chordata. These phyla exhibit a segmented body plan, where the body is divided into repeated segments. In Arthropoda, such as insects and crustaceans, the body is divided into distinct segments with jointed appendages. Annelida, which includes earthworms and leeches, also have a segmented body with repeated units called metameres. Chordata, which includes vertebrates like humans, exhibit segmentation during embryonic development, with the formation of somites that give rise to the segmented structures in the body.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Molecular data confirm that cniderians branched off from the rest of animals before _____ evolved.
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Echinoderms
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Porifera
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Mollusks
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Bilaterial symmetry
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Arthropods
Correct Answer
A. Bilaterial symmetryExplanation
The given correct answer is "bilaterial symmetry". This means that cniderians branched off from the rest of animals before the evolution of bilateral symmetry. Bilateral symmetry refers to the arrangement of body parts in a way that the left and right sides are mirror images of each other. This evolutionary trait is found in many animal phyla, including arthropods, mollusks, and echinoderms. Therefore, the fact that cniderians branched off before bilateral symmetry evolved suggests that they have a different body plan and do not exhibit bilateral symmetry.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Which of the following is not a characteristic of a vertebrate?
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Radial cleavage
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Indeterminate development
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Circulatory system present
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Diploblastic
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Coelomate
Correct Answer
A. DiploblasticExplanation
Diploblastic is not a characteristic of a vertebrate. Vertebrates are organisms that have a backbone or spinal column, and they are typically triploblastic, meaning they have three germ layers during development. Diploblastic organisms, on the other hand, only have two germ layers. This means that diploblastic organisms lack certain structures and tissues that are present in vertebrates, such as muscles and organs. Therefore, diploblastic is not a characteristic of a vertebrate.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Which of the following is not correct regarding the origin of parazoans and eumetazoans?
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The common ancestor was a protist.
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The common ancestor was a hollow spherical colony of flagellated cells.
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Cells within sponges resemble choanoflagellate protists.
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Sponges evolved independently from eumetazoans.
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Metazoans represent a monophyletic group.
Correct Answer
A. Sponges evolved independently from eumetazoans.Explanation
The statement "Sponges evolved independently from eumetazoans" is not correct because sponges are actually considered to be the most basal group of animals and are believed to have evolved before the eumetazoans. This means that sponges and eumetazoans share a common ancestor, rather than sponges evolving independently from eumetazoans.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Which one of the following terms applies to the phylum Mollusca?
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Protostome
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Pseudocoelomate
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Parazoa
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Diploblastic
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Asymmetry
Correct Answer
A. ProtostomeExplanation
The term "protostome" applies to the phylum Mollusca. Protostomes are a group of animals that develop their mouth first during embryonic development. This is in contrast to deuterostomes, which develop their anus first. Mollusks, such as snails, clams, and octopuses, are examples of protostomes.Rate this question:
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- 22.
Which one of the following terms does not apply to the phylum Chordata?
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Eumetazoa
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Diploblastic
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Bilateral symmetry
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Deuterostome
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Coelomate
Correct Answer
A. DiploblasticExplanation
The term "diploblastic" refers to organisms that have two germ layers during embryonic development, namely the ectoderm and endoderm. However, the phylum Chordata is characterized by having three germ layers, including the mesoderm. Therefore, the term "diploblastic" does not apply to the phylum Chordata.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Which one of the following terms applies to the phylum Platyhelminthes?
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Spiral cleavage
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Protostome
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Diploblastic
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Acoelomate
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Radial symmetry
Correct Answer
A. AcoelomateExplanation
The term "acoelomate" applies to the phylum Platyhelminthes. This term refers to organisms that lack a coelom, which is a fluid-filled body cavity. Platyhelminthes, commonly known as flatworms, do not possess a true coelom, as their body cavity is filled with mesenchyme, a loose connective tissue. This characteristic distinguishes them from other organisms that have a coelom, such as protostomes and diploblastic animals. Additionally, the terms "spiral cleavage" and "radial symmetry" do not specifically apply to Platyhelminthes.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Which one of the following terms applies to the phylum Nematoda?
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Parazoa
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Radial cleavage
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Diploblastic
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Deuterostome
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Pseudocoelomate
Correct Answer
A. PseudocoelomateExplanation
The term "pseudocoelomate" applies to the phylum Nematoda. Pseudocoelomates are organisms that have a fluid-filled body cavity called a pseudocoelom, which is not completely lined by mesoderm. Nematodes have a pseudocoelom, which separates their digestive tract from the outer body wall. This characteristic distinguishes them from other phyla like Parazoa, which lack a true body cavity, and deuterostomes, which have a true coelom.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Which one of the following terms does not apply to the phylum Annelida?
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Bilateral symmetry
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Triploblastic
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Protostome
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Indeterminate cleavage
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Spiral cleavage
Correct Answer
A. Indeterminate cleavageExplanation
The term "indeterminate cleavage" does not apply to the phylum Annelida. Indeterminate cleavage refers to a type of embryonic development where the fate of each cell is not determined early on, and any individual cell has the potential to develop into a complete organism. However, in the phylum Annelida, the cleavage is determinate, meaning that the fate of each cell is determined early on in development and they have specific roles in forming different structures of the organism.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Which one of the following terms applies to the phylum Chidaria?
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Radial symmetry
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Pseudocoelomate
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Parazoa
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Triploblastic
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Protostome
Correct Answer
A. Radial symmetryExplanation
The term "radial symmetry" applies to the phylum Chidaria because organisms in this phylum, such as jellyfish and sea anemones, have body parts arranged around a central axis, resembling spokes on a wheel. This type of symmetry allows for equal distribution of body parts and efficient movement in any direction.Rate this question:
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- 27.
Which one of the following terms does not apply to adults in the phylum Echinodermata?
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Triploblastic
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Bilateral symmetry
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Coelomate
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Deuterostome
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Eumetazoa
Correct Answer
A. Bilateral symmetryExplanation
Adults in the phylum Echinodermata do not exhibit bilateral symmetry. Echinoderms are known for their unique radial symmetry, which means their bodies are arranged around a central axis. This symmetry is characterized by multiple planes of symmetry rather than a single plane dividing the body into two equal halves. Therefore, the term "bilateral symmetry" does not apply to adults in the phylum Echinodermata.Rate this question:
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- 28.
Which one of the following terms does not apply to the phylum Porifera?
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Parazoa
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No true tissues
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Asymmetry
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Acoelomate
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Diploblastic
Correct Answer
A. DiploblasticExplanation
The term "diploblastic" refers to organisms that have two germ layers (ectoderm and endoderm) during their embryonic development. However, the phylum Porifera, which includes sponges, does not have true tissues or germ layers. Therefore, the term "diploblastic" does not apply to Porifera.Rate this question:
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- 29.
Which one of the following terms does not apply to the phylum Nematoda?
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Asymmetry
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Protostome
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Coelomate
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Triploblastic
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Determinate cleavage
Correct Answer
A. AsymmetryExplanation
The term "asymmetry" does not apply to the phylum Nematoda because nematodes have a bilateral symmetry, meaning they have a distinct left and right side. Asymmetry refers to organisms that lack any symmetry or have irregular shapes. Nematodes are also protostomes, meaning their mouth develops before their anus, and they are coelomate, meaning they have a body cavity. They are triploblastic, meaning they have three germ layers, and exhibit determinate cleavage, where the fate of each cell is determined early in development.Rate this question:
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- 30.
Select the phylum that includes deuterostome animals that are exclusively marine and have radial symmetry as adults.
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Porifera
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Rotifera
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Echinodermata
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Chordata
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Cnidaria
Correct Answer
A. EchinodermataExplanation
Echinodermata is the correct answer because it includes deuterostome animals that are exclusively marine and have radial symmetry as adults. Echinoderms, such as starfish, sea urchins, and sea cucumbers, exhibit radial symmetry and are found only in marine environments. They are characterized by a water vascular system and a unique endoskeleton made of calcified plates.Rate this question:
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- 31.
Which one of the following terms applies to the phylum Bryozoa?
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Radial symmetry
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Lophophore
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Parazoa
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Deuterostome
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Radial cleavage
Correct Answer
A. LophophoreExplanation
The term "lophophore" applies to the phylum Bryozoa. A lophophore is a specialized feeding structure found in certain aquatic invertebrates, including bryozoans. It is a horseshoe-shaped or circular organ that bears ciliated tentacles used for filter feeding. Bryozoans use their lophophores to capture food particles from the water and bring them towards their mouths. This unique characteristic sets them apart from other phyla and is a defining feature of Bryozoa.Rate this question:
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- 32.
Select the following phylum that includes protostome animals that are segmented, bilaterally symmetric, and have a chitinous exoskeleton.
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Arthropoda
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Annelida
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Mollusca
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Brachiopoda
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Platyhelminthes
Correct Answer
A. ArthropodaExplanation
Arthropoda is the correct answer because it is the only phylum listed that includes protostome animals that are segmented, bilaterally symmetric, and have a chitinous exoskeleton. Annelida, Mollusca, Brachiopoda, and Platyhelminthes do not have all of these characteristics.Rate this question:
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- 33.
Which one of the following terms applies to the phylum Ctenophora?
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Often bioluminescent marine animals
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Protostome
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Coelomate
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Deuterostome
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Parazoa
Correct Answer
A. Often bioluminescent marine animalsExplanation
The term "often bioluminescent marine animals" applies to the phylum Ctenophora. Ctenophores, also known as comb jellies, are a group of marine animals that are known for their ability to produce light through bioluminescence. They have specialized cells called photocytes that emit light, which they use for various purposes such as attracting prey or mates, camouflage, or communication. This characteristic sets them apart from other phyla and is a defining feature of Ctenophora.Rate this question:
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- 34.
Select the phylum that includes coelomate, bilaterian animals that have a structure called a notochord.
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Echinodermata
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Annelida
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Arthropoda
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Mollusca
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Chordata
Correct Answer
A. ChordataExplanation
Chordata is the correct answer because it is the only phylum listed that includes coelomate, bilaterian animals with a notochord. The notochord is a flexible rod-like structure that runs along the length of the body and provides support. Chordates also have a dorsal hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, and a post-anal tail at some point in their life cycle. Examples of chordates include fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.Rate this question:
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- 35.
Select the following phylum that includes animals that are unsegmented, acoelomate, and have a digestive cavity with a single opening.
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Annelida
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Platyhelminthes
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Nematoda
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Cnidaria
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Rotifera
Correct Answer
A. PlatyhelminthesExplanation
Platyhelminthes is the correct answer because it is the only phylum listed that fits the given criteria. Platyhelminthes, also known as flatworms, are unsegmented, acoelomate (lack a body cavity), and have a digestive cavity with a single opening called a gastrovascular cavity. Annelida, Nematoda, Cnidaria, and Rotifera do not meet all of these criteria. Annelida, for example, are segmented and have a coelom, while Nematoda have a pseudocoelom and Rotifera have a specialized digestive system with both a mouth and an anus.Rate this question:
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- 36.
Which one of the following features would indicate that an animal is not a protostome?
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Bilateral symmetry
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Open or closed circulatory system
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Blastopore opens into the archenteron
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Three primary tissue layers
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Body parts arranged around a central axis
Correct Answer
A. Body parts arranged around a central axisExplanation
The presence of body parts arranged around a central axis would indicate that an animal is not a protostome. Protostomes typically have bilateral symmetry, an open or closed circulatory system, a blastopore that opens into the archenteron, and three primary tissue layers. However, their body parts are not arranged around a central axis, which is a characteristic of deuterostomes.Rate this question:
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- 37.
Which one of the following is not the type of evidence used in a traditional classification of animals?
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Coelom type
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RRNA sequences
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Symmetry
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Number of embryonic tissue layers
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Fate of the blastopore
Correct Answer
A. RRNA sequences -
- 38.
Which one of the following features of animals is unique to animals?
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Cells organized into tissues
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Movement associated with muscle tissue and nervous tissue
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Heterotrophism
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Cells without walls
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Embryonic development
Correct Answer
A. Movement associated with muscle tissue and nervous tissueExplanation
The feature of movement associated with muscle tissue and nervous tissue is unique to animals. While other options such as cells organized into tissues, heterotrophism, cells without walls, and embryonic development are also characteristic of animals, the ability to move using muscle tissue and nervous tissue sets animals apart from other organisms. This feature allows animals to actively respond to their environment, seek out food, and escape from predators.Rate this question:
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- 39.
Which one of the following statements about molecular systematics and its role in the classification of animals is false?
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Clades consist of monophyletic taxa sharing the same gene sequences.
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Different molecules sometimes support different taxonomic relationships.
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Molecular data suggests that arthropods and annelids are part of the same clade.
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Molecular data suggests that a new group of "molting" animals, the Ecdysozoa, is monophyletic.
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Combining data from many different molecules gives the best picture of phylogenetic relationships.
Correct Answer
A. Molecular data suggests that arthropods and annelids are part of the same clade.Explanation
The statement that molecular data suggests that arthropods and annelids are part of the same clade is false. Molecular data actually suggests that arthropods and annelids are not part of the same clade, but rather belong to different clades. Clades consist of monophyletic taxa sharing the same gene sequences, and different molecules sometimes support different taxonomic relationships. Additionally, molecular data suggests that a new group of "molting" animals, the Ecdysozoa, is monophyletic. Combining data from many different molecules gives the best picture of phylogenetic relationships.Rate this question:
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- 40.
Which one of the following statements about segmentation is false?
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Segmentation can produce redundant systems.
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Segmentation can enhance locomotion
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Only three phyla show true segmentation.
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The evolution of segmentation is highly convergent.
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Although fusion of segments is common, a study of embryology makes segmentation evident.
Correct Answer
A. Only three phyla show true segmentation.Explanation
Segmentation is a process in which the body of an organism is divided into repetitive segments. The statement "Only three phyla show true segmentation" is false because segmentation is observed in more than three phyla. In fact, segmentation is a widespread phenomenon in the animal kingdom, seen in various phyla including Annelida, Arthropoda, Chordata, and many others. Therefore, the statement is incorrect as it underestimates the occurrence of segmentation in different phyla.Rate this question:
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- 41.
Which one of the following statements about origins of animals is false?
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Most taxonomists agree that the origin of the metazoans is polyphyletic.
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The multinucleate hypothesis states that metazoans arose from multinuclear protists.
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The colonial flagellate hypothesis states that metazoans arose from choanoflagellate-like protists.
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The polyphyletic origin hypothesis states that the sponges evolved independently from the eumetazoans.
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Molecular data shows that metazoans are more closely related to flagellates than to ciliates.
Correct Answer
A. Most taxonomists agree that the origin of the metazoans is polyphyletic.Explanation
The statement "Most taxonomists agree that the origin of the metazoans is polyphyletic" is false. This is because most taxonomists actually agree that the origin of the metazoans is monophyletic, meaning that all animals share a common ancestor. The polyphyletic origin hypothesis, mentioned in one of the other statements, suggests that sponges evolved independently from other animals, which contradicts the idea of a common ancestor. Molecular data also supports the monophyletic origin of metazoans by showing their closer relationship to flagellates than to ciliates.Rate this question:
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- 42.
Two phyla that belong to the Ecdysozoan clade are
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Platyhelminthes and Nematoda.
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Nematoda and Arthropoda.
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Annelida and Mollusca.
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Mollusca and Arthropoda.
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Platyhelminthes and Arthropoda.
Correct Answer
A. Nematoda and Arthropoda.Explanation
The correct answer is Nematoda and Arthropoda because both phyla belong to the Ecdysozoan clade. Ecdysozoa is a major group of protostome animals that are characterized by their ability to molt or shed their exoskeleton. Nematoda, also known as roundworms, and Arthropoda, which includes insects, crustaceans, and spiders, are both part of this clade. Platyhelminthes belong to the Lophotrochozoa clade, Annelida belongs to the same clade, and Mollusca belongs to the Mollusca clade. Therefore, the correct answer is Nematoda and Arthropoda.Rate this question:
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- 43.
Sponges are unique in possessing special flagellated cells whose beating drives water through the body cavity. These specialized cells are known as
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Cnidocytes.
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Planulae.
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Nematocysts.
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Choanocytes.
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Spicules.
Correct Answer
A. Choanocytes.Explanation
Sponges are unique in possessing special flagellated cells called choanocytes. These cells have a beating motion that helps to drive water through the body cavity of the sponge. Cnidocytes, planulae, nematocysts, and spicules are not the correct answer because they do not refer to the specialized cells in sponges that perform this function.Rate this question:
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- 44.
Radially symmetrical marine animals that propel themselves through the water by means of eight comb-like plates of fused cilia belong to the Phylum
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Cnidaria.
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Ctenophora.
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Platyhelminthes.
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Eumentazoan
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Parazoa
Correct Answer
A. Ctenophora.Explanation
The correct answer is Ctenophora. Ctenophores, also known as comb jellies, are radially symmetrical marine animals that use eight comb-like plates of fused cilia to propel themselves through the water. Cnidaria, on the other hand, includes animals such as jellyfish and corals, which have radial symmetry but do not have the comb-like plates of cilia. Platyhelminthes refers to flatworms, which do not have radial symmetry. Eumentazoan and Parazoa are not valid phyla.Rate this question:
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- 45.
Most species of tapeworms live in the
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Stomachs of vertebrates.
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Lungs of vertebrates.
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Livers of vertebrates.
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Intestines of vertebrates.
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Hearts of vertebrates.
Correct Answer
A. Intestines of vertebrates.Explanation
Tapeworms are parasitic flatworms that typically inhabit the intestines of vertebrates. They have a specialized structure called a scolex that allows them to attach to the intestinal wall and absorb nutrients from their host. While there are some exceptions, the majority of tapeworm species have adapted to live in the intestines where they can thrive and reproduce. Living in the intestines provides tapeworms with a suitable environment for their survival and ensures a steady supply of food from the host's digestive system. Therefore, the correct answer is "intestines of vertebrates."Rate this question:
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- 46.
Which of the following is the key transitions in body design that are responsible for most of the differences of Eumetazoa?
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Distinct tissues
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Radial to bilateral symmetry
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No body cavity to body cavity
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Unsegmented to segmented bodies
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Protostome to deuterostome development
Correct Answer
A. Distinct tissuesExplanation
Distinct tissues are the key transition in body design that are responsible for most of the differences of Eumetazoa. This means that the development of specialized tissues, such as muscle, nerve, and epithelial tissues, is a significant factor in differentiating the various organisms within the Eumetazoa group. The presence of distinct tissues allows for the formation of complex body structures and specialized functions, which is a defining characteristic of this group of animals.Rate this question:
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- 47.
Sponges exhibit all of the following general characteristics except
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Eating by flow of water through canals and pores.
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Free-swimming larvae; sessile adults.
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Lack of specialized tissues and organs.
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Lack of symmetry (may be radial in small species).
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Head or appendages, mouth or anus.
Correct Answer
A. Head or appendages, mouth or anus.Explanation
Sponges exhibit all of the following general characteristics except having a head or appendages, mouth or anus. Sponges lack specialized tissues and organs, have a lack of symmetry (although they may have radial symmetry in small species), and exhibit a unique way of eating by the flow of water through canals and pores. Additionally, sponges have a life cycle that includes free-swimming larvae and sessile adults.Rate this question:
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- 48.
The vase-like body of a simple sponge is likely to contain all of the following materials or layers except
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A digestive cavity lined with enzyme-secreting cells.
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Mesophyl, a protein-rich matrix.
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A somewhat contractile outer epithelium.
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Specialized collar cells or choanocytes.
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Spicules or a spongin skeleton, or both.
Correct Answer
A. A digestive cavity lined with enzyme-secreting cells.Explanation
The correct answer is a digestive cavity lined with enzyme-secreting cells. This is because sponges are filter feeders and they obtain their food by filtering water through their bodies. They do not have a digestive cavity like other animals, such as a stomach, where enzymes are secreted to break down food. Instead, they have specialized collar cells or choanocytes that trap and ingest food particles.Rate this question:
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- 49.
All of the following are true about Cnidarians except
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They are widespread and abundant especially in shallow, warm-temperature or subtropical waters.
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They are basically gelatinous in composition.
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Their bodies are made up of distinct organs.
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They exist either as polyps or medusae.
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They contain specialized cells called "cnidocytes" within which nematocysts are found.
Correct Answer
A. Their bodies are made up of distinct organs.Explanation
Cnidarians are known for their gelatinous composition and lack of distinct organs. They exist in two forms, either as polyps or medusae. They also possess specialized cells called "cnidocytes" which contain nematocysts. However, unlike higher organisms, cnidarians do not have well-defined organs. Their body structure is more simple and decentralized, consisting of a sac-like body with a central digestive cavity.Rate this question:
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Mar 22, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Oct 14, 2012Quiz Created by
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