Biology 1402 Exam 2 (Part 1)

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  • 1/60 Questions

    Of the following combination of statements about protostomes and deuterostomes, which choice is correct?  

    • Protostomes are animals in which the mouth develops from the blastopore. The anus or anal pore of protostomes develops from the second opening. Deuterostomes are animals in which the anus develops from the blastopore and the mouth develops secondarily later in their development.
    • Protostomes are animals in which the anus develops from the blastopore. The mouth of protostomes develops from the second opening. Deuterostomes are animals in which the anus develops from the blastopore and the mouth develops secondarily later in their development.
    • Protostomes are animals in which the mouth develops from the blastopore. The anus or anal pore of protostomes develops from the second opening. Deuterostomes are animals in which the mouth develops from the blastopore and the anus develops secondarily later in their development. Protostomes are animals in which the mouth develops from the blastopore. The anus or anal pore of protostomes develops from the second opening. Deuterostomes are animals in which the mouth develops from the blastopore and the anus develops secondarily later in their development.
    • Protostomes are animals in which the mouth or anus develops from the blastopore, depending on the species. Deuterostomes are animals in which the mouth and anus develops from the blastopore, depending on the species.
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About This Quiz

This Biology 1402 Exam assesses understanding of key differences between protostomes and deuterostomes in embryonic development. Topics include germ layers, cleavage patterns, and embryonic development paths, crucial for students specializing in developmental biology and zoology.

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  • 2. 

    A biologist discovered a new animal. Upon studying embryonic development, she observed radial cleavage with the blastopore developing into an anus. This animal was categorized as a

    • Parazoan

    • Radiata

    • Deuterstome

    • Protostome

    • Pseudocoelomate

    Correct Answer
    A. Deuterstome
    Explanation
    The biologist observed radial cleavage and the blastopore developing into an anus. These characteristics are indicative of deuterostomes. In deuterostomes, the first opening that forms during embryonic development becomes the anus, and the mouth develops later. This is in contrast to protostomes, where the first opening becomes the mouth. Therefore, based on the observations made by the biologist, the animal can be categorized as a deuterostome.

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  • 3. 

    Solid worms that lack a body cavity are known as

    • Acoelomates.

    • Pseudocoelomates.

    • Triploblastic.

    • Coelomates.

    • Diploblastic.

    Correct Answer
    A. Acoelomates.
    Explanation
    The correct answer is acoelomates. Acoelomates are solid worms that lack a body cavity. A body cavity, also known as a coelom, is a fluid-filled space between the body wall and the digestive tract. Pseudocoelomates have a body cavity that is partially lined with mesoderm, while coelomates have a body cavity completely lined with mesoderm. Triploblastic refers to organisms with three germ layers, while diploblastic refers to organisms with two germ layers.

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  • 4. 

    Select the incorrect statement about deuterostomes from the following choices.

    • Deuterostomes demonstrate radial cleavage in their embryonic development.

    • Deuterostomes display indeterminate development.

    • A deuterostome's coelom is produced by invagination of the archenteron.

    • Examples of deuterostomes are echinoderms and chordates.

    • Includes most bilaterians, including flatworms, nematodes, mollusks, annelids and arthropods.

    Correct Answer
    A. Includes most bilaterians, including flatworms, nematodes, mollusks, annelids and arthropods.
    Explanation
    The given statement is incorrect because it states that "Includes most bilaterians, including flatworms, nematodes, mollusks, annelids and arthropods" is a characteristic of deuterostomes. However, this statement is actually a characteristic of protostomes, not deuterostomes. Deuterostomes include echinoderms and chordates, not the listed bilaterians.

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  • 5. 

    Protostomes develop through

    • Spiral cleavage

    • Radial cleavage

    • Axial cleavage

    • Polar cleavage

    • Protocleavage

    Correct Answer
    A. Spiral cleavage
    Explanation
    Protostomes develop through spiral cleavage, which is a type of early embryonic development characterized by the orientation of the cell divisions. In spiral cleavage, the cells divide at oblique angles to each other, resulting in a spiral pattern of cells. This type of cleavage is commonly seen in many protostomes, such as mollusks, annelids, and arthropods. The spiral cleavage pattern plays a crucial role in determining the body plan and differentiation of cells during embryonic development.

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  • 6. 

    Select the phylum that includes coelomate, bilaterian animals that have a structure called a notochord.  

    • Echinodermata

    • Annelida

    • Arthropoda

    • Mollusca

    • Chordata

    Correct Answer
    A. Chordata
    Explanation
    Chordata is the correct answer because it is the only phylum listed that includes coelomate, bilaterian animals with a notochord. The notochord is a flexible rod-like structure that runs along the length of the body and provides support. Chordates also have a dorsal hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, and a post-anal tail at some point in their life cycle. Examples of chordates include fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.

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  • 7. 

    Which of the following is not true about animals?

    • They constitute millions of species.

    • They are very diverse in form.

    • They were some of the first organisms on the earth.

    • They show great mobility.

    • They are found in every conceivable habitat.

    Correct Answer
    A. They were some of the first organisms on the earth.
    Explanation
    Animals were not some of the first organisms on Earth. The first organisms on Earth were likely simple, single-celled organisms such as bacteria. Animals evolved much later in the history of life on Earth.

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  • 8. 

    Select the correct choice to answer to the following question. What are the three animal phyla that dominate animal life on land?

    • Cnidaria, Mollusca, Platyhelminthes

    • Porifera, Arthropoda, Nematoda

    • Nematoday, Chordata, Cnidaria

    • Mollusca, Arthropoda, Chordata

    • Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, Arthropoda

    Correct Answer
    A. Mollusca, Arthropoda, Chordata
    Explanation
    Mollusca, Arthropoda, and Chordata are the three animal phyla that dominate animal life on land. Mollusca includes organisms like snails and slugs, Arthropoda includes insects and spiders, and Chordata includes mammals, birds, and reptiles. These three phyla have successfully adapted to terrestrial environments and have a wide range of species that inhabit land habitats.

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  • 9. 

    All of the following features are associated with bilateral symmetry in animals except

    • Conferring anterior and posterior areas to the body.

    • Allowing for greater efficiency in movement.

    • Creating a body design of two mirror images.

    • Allowing for efficiency in seeking food and mates.

    • Being sessile.

    Correct Answer
    A. Being sessile.
    Explanation
    Bilateral symmetry in animals refers to a body design that can be divided into two mirror images. This symmetry allows for greater efficiency in movement, as animals with bilateral symmetry have a distinct anterior (head) and posterior (tail) area, enabling them to move in a directed manner. It also confers efficiency in seeking food and mates, as animals can move towards or away from stimuli. Being sessile, on the other hand, means being fixed in one place and unable to move. This contradicts the concept of bilateral symmetry, as sessile organisms do not have distinct anterior and posterior areas and cannot exhibit efficient movement.

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  • 10. 

    Sponges exhibit all of the following general characteristics except 

    • Eating by flow of water through canals and pores.

    • Free-swimming larvae; sessile adults.

    • Lack of specialized tissues and organs.

    • Lack of symmetry (may be radial in small species).

    • Head or appendages, mouth or anus.

    Correct Answer
    A. Head or appendages, mouth or anus.
    Explanation
    Sponges exhibit all of the following general characteristics except having a head or appendages, mouth or anus. Sponges lack specialized tissues and organs, have a lack of symmetry (although they may have radial symmetry in small species), and exhibit a unique way of eating by the flow of water through canals and pores. Additionally, sponges have a life cycle that includes free-swimming larvae and sessile adults.

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  • 11. 

    Which of the following terms is mismatched with its meaning or characteristics?

    • Diploblastic- ectoderm and mesoderm

    • Triploblastic- ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm

    • Parazoa- lacks symmetry; no tissues

    • Eumetazoa- definite symmetry; tissues organized

    • Chordate- animal with notochord

    Correct Answer
    A. Diploblastic- ectoderm and mesoderm
    Explanation
    The term "diploblastic" refers to organisms that have two germ layers, namely ectoderm and endoderm, but do not possess a mesoderm. Therefore, the term "diploblastic" is mismatched with its meaning or characteristics in the given options.

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  • 12. 

    Which one of the following terms does not apply to the phylum Chordata?

    • Eumetazoa

    • Diploblastic

    • Bilateral symmetry

    • Deuterostome

    • Coelomate

    Correct Answer
    A. Diploblastic
    Explanation
    The term "diploblastic" refers to organisms that have two germ layers during embryonic development, namely the ectoderm and endoderm. However, the phylum Chordata is characterized by having three germ layers, including the mesoderm. Therefore, the term "diploblastic" does not apply to the phylum Chordata.

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  • 13. 

    Most species of tapeworms live in the

    • Stomachs of vertebrates.

    • Lungs of vertebrates.

    • Livers of vertebrates.

    • Intestines of vertebrates.

    • Hearts of vertebrates.

    Correct Answer
    A. Intestines of vertebrates.
    Explanation
    Tapeworms are parasitic flatworms that typically inhabit the intestines of vertebrates. They have a specialized structure called a scolex that allows them to attach to the intestinal wall and absorb nutrients from their host. While there are some exceptions, the majority of tapeworm species have adapted to live in the intestines where they can thrive and reproduce. Living in the intestines provides tapeworms with a suitable environment for their survival and ensures a steady supply of food from the host's digestive system. Therefore, the correct answer is "intestines of vertebrates."

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  • 14. 

    Which of the following is not a characteristic of a vertebrate?

    • Radial cleavage

    • Indeterminate development

    • Circulatory system present

    • Diploblastic

    • Coelomate

    Correct Answer
    A. Diploblastic
    Explanation
    Diploblastic is not a characteristic of a vertebrate. Vertebrates are organisms that have a backbone or spinal column, and they are typically triploblastic, meaning they have three germ layers during development. Diploblastic organisms, on the other hand, only have two germ layers. This means that diploblastic organisms lack certain structures and tissues that are present in vertebrates, such as muscles and organs. Therefore, diploblastic is not a characteristic of a vertebrate.

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  • 15. 

    Sponges are unique in possessing special flagellated cells whose beating drives water through the body cavity. These specialized cells are known as

    • Cnidocytes.

    • Planulae.

    • Nematocysts.

    • Choanocytes.

    • Spicules.

    Correct Answer
    A. Choanocytes.
    Explanation
    Sponges are unique in possessing special flagellated cells called choanocytes. These cells have a beating motion that helps to drive water through the body cavity of the sponge. Cnidocytes, planulae, nematocysts, and spicules are not the correct answer because they do not refer to the specialized cells in sponges that perform this function.

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  • 16. 

    Which one of the following is not the type of evidence used in a traditional classification of animals? 

    • Coelom type

    • RRNA sequences

    • Symmetry

    • Number of embryonic tissue layers

    • Fate of the blastopore

    Correct Answer
    A. RRNA sequences
  • 17. 

    Which of the following features in embryonic development of deuterostomes does not represent a major difference from protostomes? 

    • Pattern of blastopore formation

    • Radial cleavage pattern for cell division

    • Number of primary germ layers

    • The first cleavage divisions of the fertilized embryo produce identical daughter cells, and any single cell, if separated can develop into a complete organism.

    • The coelom is normally produced by an invagination of the archenteron.

    Correct Answer
    A. Number of primary germ layers
    Explanation
    The number of primary germ layers is not a major difference between deuterostomes and protostomes in embryonic development. Both deuterostomes and protostomes have three primary germ layers - ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. These germ layers give rise to different tissues and organs in the developing embryo. The major differences between deuterostomes and protostomes lie in other aspects such as the pattern of blastopore formation, radial cleavage pattern for cell division, and the ability of a single cell to develop into a complete organism.

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  • 18. 

    A zoologist studies an animal that is a deuterostome. Which of the choices makes the sentence that follows incorrect? You know that deuterostomes

    • Are bilateral symmetrical

    • Evolved from protostomes.

    • Are animals in which the blastopore develops into the mouth.

    • Are animals in which any cell can develop into a complete organism.

    • Are coelomates.

    Correct Answer
    A. Are animals in which the blastopore develops into the mouth.
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "are animals in which the blastopore develops into the mouth." This statement is incorrect because deuterostomes are animals in which the blastopore develops into the anus, not the mouth.

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  • 19. 

    Molecular data confirm that cniderians branched off from the rest of animals before _____ evolved.

    • Echinoderms

    • Porifera

    • Mollusks

    • Bilaterial symmetry

    • Arthropods

    Correct Answer
    A. Bilaterial symmetry
    Explanation
    The given correct answer is "bilaterial symmetry". This means that cniderians branched off from the rest of animals before the evolution of bilateral symmetry. Bilateral symmetry refers to the arrangement of body parts in a way that the left and right sides are mirror images of each other. This evolutionary trait is found in many animal phyla, including arthropods, mollusks, and echinoderms. Therefore, the fact that cniderians branched off before bilateral symmetry evolved suggests that they have a different body plan and do not exhibit bilateral symmetry.

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  • 20. 

    Two phyla that belong to the Ecdysozoan clade are

    • Platyhelminthes and Nematoda.

    • Nematoda and Arthropoda.

    • Annelida and Mollusca.

    • Mollusca and Arthropoda.

    • Platyhelminthes and Arthropoda.

    Correct Answer
    A. Nematoda and Arthropoda.
    Explanation
    The correct answer is Nematoda and Arthropoda because both phyla belong to the Ecdysozoan clade. Ecdysozoa is a major group of protostome animals that are characterized by their ability to molt or shed their exoskeleton. Nematoda, also known as roundworms, and Arthropoda, which includes insects, crustaceans, and spiders, are both part of this clade. Platyhelminthes belong to the Lophotrochozoa clade, Annelida belongs to the same clade, and Mollusca belongs to the Mollusca clade. Therefore, the correct answer is Nematoda and Arthropoda.

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  • 21. 

    Which one of the following terms applies to the phylum Nematoda?

    • Parazoa

    • Radial cleavage

    • Diploblastic

    • Deuterostome

    • Pseudocoelomate

    Correct Answer
    A. Pseudocoelomate
    Explanation
    The term "pseudocoelomate" applies to the phylum Nematoda. Pseudocoelomates are organisms that have a fluid-filled body cavity called a pseudocoelom, which is not completely lined by mesoderm. Nematodes have a pseudocoelom, which separates their digestive tract from the outer body wall. This characteristic distinguishes them from other phyla like Parazoa, which lack a true body cavity, and deuterostomes, which have a true coelom.

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  • 22. 

    Which of the following belongs to the phylum Ctenophora?

    • Hydra

    • Jellyfish

    • Anemones

    • Comb jellies

    • Corals

    Correct Answer
    A. Comb jellies
    Explanation
    Comb jellies belong to the phylum Ctenophora. This is because comb jellies, also known as ctenophores, are a group of marine animals that have a unique comb-like structure of cilia for locomotion. They are gelatinous and transparent organisms that can be found in oceans worldwide. Comb jellies are distinct from other organisms listed in the question, such as hydra, jellyfish, anemones, and corals, as they belong to different phyla.

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  • 23. 

    In animals that display indeterminate develpment

    • Embryonic cells have a predetermined fate

    • Bilateral symmetry cannot develop

    • Early embryonic cells, if separated from the embryo, can develop into complete organisms.

    • Embryonic cells show spiral cleavage.

    • The blastopore develops into the mouth.

    Correct Answer
    A. Early embryonic cells, if separated from the embryo, can develop into complete organisms.
    Explanation
    In animals that display indeterminate development, early embryonic cells have the ability to develop into complete organisms even if they are separated from the embryo. This means that these cells are totipotent, meaning they have the potential to differentiate into any cell type and form a whole organism. This is a unique characteristic of indeterminate development, where the fate of the embryonic cells is not predetermined and can be influenced by external factors. This ability allows for regeneration and a higher degree of flexibility in the development of these animals.

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  • 24. 

    Animals are distinct among multicellular organisms in all of the following features except

    • Their cells lack rigid cell walls and are flexible.

    • They can move more rapidly and in more complex ways than members in other eukaryotic kingdoms.

    • They develop from a zygote in a characteristic embryonic development.

    • They show great diversity in size, form and structure.

    • They are homotrophic.

    Correct Answer
    A. They are homotrophic.
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "they are homotrophic". This is because animals are heterotrophic, meaning they obtain their energy by consuming other organisms. They cannot produce their own food through photosynthesis like autotrophic organisms.

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  • 25. 

    Which one of the following terms applies to the phylum Mollusca?

    • Protostome

    • Pseudocoelomate

    • Parazoa

    • Diploblastic

    • Asymmetry

    Correct Answer
    A. Protostome
    Explanation
    The term "protostome" applies to the phylum Mollusca. Protostomes are a group of animals that develop their mouth first during embryonic development. This is in contrast to deuterostomes, which develop their anus first. Mollusks, such as snails, clams, and octopuses, are examples of protostomes.

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  • 26. 

    Select the following phylum that includes animals that are unsegmented, acoelomate, and have a digestive cavity with a single opening. 

    • Annelida

    • Platyhelminthes

    • Nematoda

    • Cnidaria

    • Rotifera

    Correct Answer
    A. Platyhelminthes
    Explanation
    Platyhelminthes is the correct answer because it is the only phylum listed that fits the given criteria. Platyhelminthes, also known as flatworms, are unsegmented, acoelomate (lack a body cavity), and have a digestive cavity with a single opening called a gastrovascular cavity. Annelida, Nematoda, Cnidaria, and Rotifera do not meet all of these criteria. Annelida, for example, are segmented and have a coelom, while Nematoda have a pseudocoelom and Rotifera have a specialized digestive system with both a mouth and an anus.

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  • 27. 

    Select the phylum that includes deuterostome animals that are exclusively marine and have radial symmetry as adults. 

    • Porifera

    • Rotifera

    • Echinodermata

    • Chordata

    • Cnidaria

    Correct Answer
    A. Echinodermata
    Explanation
    Echinodermata is the correct answer because it includes deuterostome animals that are exclusively marine and have radial symmetry as adults. Echinoderms, such as starfish, sea urchins, and sea cucumbers, exhibit radial symmetry and are found only in marine environments. They are characterized by a water vascular system and a unique endoskeleton made of calcified plates.

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  • 28. 

    Which one of the following terms applies to the phylum Bryozoa?

    • Radial symmetry

    • Lophophore

    • Parazoa

    • Deuterostome

    • Radial cleavage

    Correct Answer
    A. Lophophore
    Explanation
    The term "lophophore" applies to the phylum Bryozoa. A lophophore is a specialized feeding structure found in certain aquatic invertebrates, including bryozoans. It is a horseshoe-shaped or circular organ that bears ciliated tentacles used for filter feeding. Bryozoans use their lophophores to capture food particles from the water and bring them towards their mouths. This unique characteristic sets them apart from other phyla and is a defining feature of Bryozoa.

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  • 29. 

    Which one of the following terms applies to the phylum Ctenophora?  

    • Often bioluminescent marine animals

    • Protostome

    • Coelomate

    • Deuterostome

    • Parazoa

    Correct Answer
    A. Often bioluminescent marine animals
    Explanation
    The term "often bioluminescent marine animals" applies to the phylum Ctenophora. Ctenophores, also known as comb jellies, are a group of marine animals that are known for their ability to produce light through bioluminescence. They have specialized cells called photocytes that emit light, which they use for various purposes such as attracting prey or mates, camouflage, or communication. This characteristic sets them apart from other phyla and is a defining feature of Ctenophora.

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  • 30. 

    Molecular analysis suggests that the rapid diversification during the Cambrian explosion may have been due to evolution of -------------. 

    • Definite shape and symmetry.

    • Tissues organized into organs and organ systems.

    • Distinct embryonic layers which differentiate into adult tissues.

    • The Hox genes.

    • Having cells organized into tissue layers.

    Correct Answer
    A. The Hox genes.
    Explanation
    The Hox genes are a group of genes that play a key role in determining the body plan and development of organisms. They control the expression of other genes, regulating the formation of body structures and organs. The rapid diversification during the Cambrian explosion may have been facilitated by the evolution of Hox genes, as they allowed for the development of new body plans and the differentiation of distinct body segments. This would have led to the evolution of new species with different shapes and symmetries, as well as the organization of tissues into organs and organ systems.

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  • 31. 

    Select the following phylum that includes protostome animals that are segmented, bilaterally symmetric, and have a chitinous exoskeleton.  

    • Arthropoda

    • Annelida

    • Mollusca

    • Brachiopoda

    • Platyhelminthes

    Correct Answer
    A. Arthropoda
    Explanation
    Arthropoda is the correct answer because it is the only phylum listed that includes protostome animals that are segmented, bilaterally symmetric, and have a chitinous exoskeleton. Annelida, Mollusca, Brachiopoda, and Platyhelminthes do not have all of these characteristics.

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  • 32. 

    All of the following are true about Cnidarians except

    • They are widespread and abundant especially in shallow, warm-temperature or subtropical waters.

    • They are basically gelatinous in composition.

    • Their bodies are made up of distinct organs.

    • They exist either as polyps or medusae.

    • They contain specialized cells called "cnidocytes" within which nematocysts are found.

    Correct Answer
    A. Their bodies are made up of distinct organs.
    Explanation
    Cnidarians are known for their gelatinous composition and lack of distinct organs. They exist in two forms, either as polyps or medusae. They also possess specialized cells called "cnidocytes" which contain nematocysts. However, unlike higher organisms, cnidarians do not have well-defined organs. Their body structure is more simple and decentralized, consisting of a sac-like body with a central digestive cavity.

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  • 33. 

    Which one of the following terms does not apply to adults in the phylum Echinodermata?

    • Triploblastic

    • Bilateral symmetry

    • Coelomate

    • Deuterostome

    • Eumetazoa

    Correct Answer
    A. Bilateral symmetry
    Explanation
    Adults in the phylum Echinodermata do not exhibit bilateral symmetry. Echinoderms are known for their unique radial symmetry, which means their bodies are arranged around a central axis. This symmetry is characterized by multiple planes of symmetry rather than a single plane dividing the body into two equal halves. Therefore, the term "bilateral symmetry" does not apply to adults in the phylum Echinodermata.

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  • 34. 

    Bilateral symmetrical animals have evolved three body cavity plans. Each of the following statements is correct with the exception of one. Select the exception.

    • Acoelomates have no body cavity.

    • Coelomates have a body cavity lined with mesodermal cells.

    • Coelomates have a fluid filled cavity that develops entirely within the mesoderm.

    • Pseudocoelomates have a body cavity that is located between the ectoderm and the endoderm.

    Correct Answer
    A. Pseudocoelomates have a body cavity that is located between the ectoderm and the endoderm.
    Explanation
    Pseudocoelomates have a body cavity that is located between the ectoderm and the endoderm. This statement is incorrect because pseudocoelomates have a body cavity that is not completely lined with mesodermal cells, unlike true coelomates. Instead, their body cavity is partially lined with mesodermal cells and partially lined with endodermal cells.

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  • 35. 

    The long, flat bodies of tapeworms are made up of repeating segments known as

    • Antheridia.

    • Gut blocks.

    • Proglottids.

    • Scolex.

    • Miracidia.

    Correct Answer
    A. Proglottids.
    Explanation
    Tapeworms have long, flat bodies made up of repeating segments called proglottids. Each proglottid contains both male and female reproductive organs, allowing the tapeworm to self-fertilize and produce eggs. As the tapeworm grows, new proglottids are continuously formed at the posterior end of the body, pushing the older ones towards the anterior end. This unique feature of tapeworm anatomy allows for efficient reproduction and survival within the host organism.

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  • 36. 

    In which plylum of marine animals did symmetrical body plans first evolve?

    • Radiata

    • Ctenophora

    • Cnidaria

    • Echinodermata

    • Parazoa

    Correct Answer
    A. Cnidaria
    Explanation
    Cnidaria is the correct answer because it is the phylum in which symmetrical body plans first evolved in marine animals. Cnidarians, such as jellyfish and corals, exhibit radial symmetry, meaning their body parts are arranged around a central axis. This is in contrast to bilateral symmetry, which is found in more advanced animal phyla. The evolution of symmetrical body plans in Cnidaria was an important step in the development of animal diversity and complexity.

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  • 37. 

    Which one of the following terms does not apply to the phylum Annelida?

    • Bilateral symmetry

    • Triploblastic

    • Protostome

    • Indeterminate cleavage

    • Spiral cleavage

    Correct Answer
    A. Indeterminate cleavage
    Explanation
    The term "indeterminate cleavage" does not apply to the phylum Annelida. Indeterminate cleavage refers to a type of embryonic development where the fate of each cell is not determined early on, and any individual cell has the potential to develop into a complete organism. However, in the phylum Annelida, the cleavage is determinate, meaning that the fate of each cell is determined early on in development and they have specific roles in forming different structures of the organism.

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  • 38. 

    Which of the following is not true about pseudocoelomates? 

    • They possess an internal body cavity called a pseudocoel.

    • They contain a bony skeleton.

    • They possess a complete, one-way digestive tract.

    • The pseudocoel permits resistance to muscle contraction.

    • They lack a defined circulatory system.

    Correct Answer
    A. They contain a bony skeleton.
    Explanation
    The given statement, "They contain a bony skeleton," is not true about pseudocoelomates. Pseudocoelomates are a group of organisms that possess a pseudocoel, which is an internal body cavity. While some pseudocoelomates may have a hydrostatic skeleton or a simple framework of supportive structures, they do not possess a bony skeleton like vertebrates.

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  • 39. 

    Segmentation is the subdivision of the body into segments or metameres. True segmentation is found in which of the following phyla selections? 

    • Annelida, Mollusca, Arthropoda

    • Echinodermata, Platyhelminthes, Cnidaria

    • Mollusca, Chordata, Annelida

    • Arthropoda, Chordata, Porifera

    • Arthropoda, Annelida, Chordata

    Correct Answer
    A. Arthropoda, Annelida, Chordata
    Explanation
    True segmentation is found in Arthropoda, Annelida, and Chordata. These phyla exhibit a segmented body plan, where the body is divided into repeated segments. In Arthropoda, such as insects and crustaceans, the body is divided into distinct segments with jointed appendages. Annelida, which includes earthworms and leeches, also have a segmented body with repeated units called metameres. Chordata, which includes vertebrates like humans, exhibit segmentation during embryonic development, with the formation of somites that give rise to the segmented structures in the body.

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  • 40. 

    Radially symmetrical marine animals that propel themselves through the water by means of eight comb-like plates of fused cilia belong to the Phylum

    • Cnidaria.

    • Ctenophora.

    • Platyhelminthes.

    • Eumentazoan

    • Parazoa

    Correct Answer
    A. Ctenophora.
    Explanation
    The correct answer is Ctenophora. Ctenophores, also known as comb jellies, are radially symmetrical marine animals that use eight comb-like plates of fused cilia to propel themselves through the water. Cnidaria, on the other hand, includes animals such as jellyfish and corals, which have radial symmetry but do not have the comb-like plates of cilia. Platyhelminthes refers to flatworms, which do not have radial symmetry. Eumentazoan and Parazoa are not valid phyla.

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  • 41. 

    Which one of the following terms applies to the phylum Chidaria?

    • Radial symmetry

    • Pseudocoelomate

    • Parazoa

    • Triploblastic

    • Protostome

    Correct Answer
    A. Radial symmetry
    Explanation
    The term "radial symmetry" applies to the phylum Chidaria because organisms in this phylum, such as jellyfish and sea anemones, have body parts arranged around a central axis, resembling spokes on a wheel. This type of symmetry allows for equal distribution of body parts and efficient movement in any direction.

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  • 42. 

    Which one of the following terms does not apply to the phylum Porifera?

    • Parazoa

    • No true tissues

    • Asymmetry

    • Acoelomate

    • Diploblastic

    Correct Answer
    A. Diploblastic
    Explanation
    The term "diploblastic" refers to organisms that have two germ layers (ectoderm and endoderm) during their embryonic development. However, the phylum Porifera, which includes sponges, does not have true tissues or germ layers. Therefore, the term "diploblastic" does not apply to Porifera.

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  • 43. 

    Which one of the following statements about molecular systematics and its role in the classification of animals is false?

    • Clades consist of monophyletic taxa sharing the same gene sequences.

    • Different molecules sometimes support different taxonomic relationships.

    • Molecular data suggests that arthropods and annelids are part of the same clade.

    • Molecular data suggests that a new group of "molting" animals, the Ecdysozoa, is monophyletic.

    • Combining data from many different molecules gives the best picture of phylogenetic relationships.

    Correct Answer
    A. Molecular data suggests that arthropods and annelids are part of the same clade.
    Explanation
    The statement that molecular data suggests that arthropods and annelids are part of the same clade is false. Molecular data actually suggests that arthropods and annelids are not part of the same clade, but rather belong to different clades. Clades consist of monophyletic taxa sharing the same gene sequences, and different molecules sometimes support different taxonomic relationships. Additionally, molecular data suggests that a new group of "molting" animals, the Ecdysozoa, is monophyletic. Combining data from many different molecules gives the best picture of phylogenetic relationships.

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  • 44. 

    Schistosomiasis is a serious disorder afflicting humans mainly in tropical regions; it is caused by a

    • Carp or goldfish.

    • Fluke.

    • Nematode.

    • Snail.

    • Tapeworm.

    Correct Answer
    A. Fluke.
    Explanation
    Schistosomiasis is a serious disorder mainly found in tropical regions and is caused by a fluke. Flukes are parasitic flatworms that can infect humans and cause various health issues. In the case of schistosomiasis, the fluke species Schistosoma infects humans through contact with contaminated freshwater. These flukes have a complex life cycle involving snails as intermediate hosts. Once inside the human body, the flukes can cause damage to the liver, intestines, and other organs, leading to severe symptoms and complications. Therefore, the correct answer is fluke.

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  • 45. 

    Which one of the following terms applies to the phylum Platyhelminthes?

    • Spiral cleavage

    • Protostome

    • Diploblastic

    • Acoelomate

    • Radial symmetry

    Correct Answer
    A. Acoelomate
    Explanation
    The term "acoelomate" applies to the phylum Platyhelminthes. This term refers to organisms that lack a coelom, which is a fluid-filled body cavity. Platyhelminthes, commonly known as flatworms, do not possess a true coelom, as their body cavity is filled with mesenchyme, a loose connective tissue. This characteristic distinguishes them from other organisms that have a coelom, such as protostomes and diploblastic animals. Additionally, the terms "spiral cleavage" and "radial symmetry" do not specifically apply to Platyhelminthes.

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  • 46. 

    Phylum Platyhelminthes is characterized by all of the following except

    • Bilateral symmetry.

    • Solid bodies with an inner digestive cavity.

    • Flat ribbon-shaped bodies with dorso-ventral parts and anterior head.

    • All are free-living.

    • Possess an excretory system.

    Correct Answer
    A. All are free-living.
    Explanation
    Phylum Platyhelminthes is a group of organisms that are characterized by several features, including bilateral symmetry, solid bodies with an inner digestive cavity, flat ribbon-shaped bodies with dorso-ventral parts and an anterior head, and possessing an excretory system. However, not all organisms in this phylum are free-living. Some members of this phylum are parasitic, living inside or on other organisms. Therefore, the statement "all are free-living" is incorrect.

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  • 47. 

    Which one of the following terms does not apply to the phylum Nematoda? 

    • Asymmetry

    • Protostome

    • Coelomate

    • Triploblastic

    • Determinate cleavage

    Correct Answer
    A. Asymmetry
    Explanation
    The term "asymmetry" does not apply to the phylum Nematoda because nematodes have a bilateral symmetry, meaning they have a distinct left and right side. Asymmetry refers to organisms that lack any symmetry or have irregular shapes. Nematodes are also protostomes, meaning their mouth develops before their anus, and they are coelomate, meaning they have a body cavity. They are triploblastic, meaning they have three germ layers, and exhibit determinate cleavage, where the fate of each cell is determined early in development.

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  • 48. 

    Which one of the following features of animals is unique to animals? 

    • Cells organized into tissues

    • Movement associated with muscle tissue and nervous tissue

    • Heterotrophism

    • Cells without walls

    • Embryonic development

    Correct Answer
    A. Movement associated with muscle tissue and nervous tissue
    Explanation
    The feature of movement associated with muscle tissue and nervous tissue is unique to animals. While other options such as cells organized into tissues, heterotrophism, cells without walls, and embryonic development are also characteristic of animals, the ability to move using muscle tissue and nervous tissue sets animals apart from other organisms. This feature allows animals to actively respond to their environment, seek out food, and escape from predators.

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  • 49. 

    Which one of the following statements about segmentation is false?

    • Segmentation can produce redundant systems.

    • Segmentation can enhance locomotion

    • Only three phyla show true segmentation.

    • The evolution of segmentation is highly convergent.

    • Although fusion of segments is common, a study of embryology makes segmentation evident.

    Correct Answer
    A. Only three phyla show true segmentation.
    Explanation
    Segmentation is a process in which the body of an organism is divided into repetitive segments. The statement "Only three phyla show true segmentation" is false because segmentation is observed in more than three phyla. In fact, segmentation is a widespread phenomenon in the animal kingdom, seen in various phyla including Annelida, Arthropoda, Chordata, and many others. Therefore, the statement is incorrect as it underestimates the occurrence of segmentation in different phyla.

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  • Current Version
  • Mar 22, 2023
    Quiz Edited by
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  • Oct 14, 2012
    Quiz Created by
    Vlgarza08

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