Bio 102 Exam #2
- 1.In which of the following human blood vessels is the blood pressure lowest?
- A.
Arteries in the head
- B.
Arterioles in the legs
- C.
Capillaries in the feet
- D.
The aorta
- E.
Veins in the head
- 2.How does an insect “hold its breath”?
- A.
By closing its tracheae
- B.
By closing its mouth
- C.
By closing its spiracles
- D.
By closing its gills
- E.
By closing its nostrils
- 3.In Cystic Fibrosis, a thick dry mucus builds up in the alveoli. Which of the following would you expect to occur in these patients?
- A.
Decreased rate of respiration
- B.
Increased diffusion of carbon dioxide into capillaries from the alveoli
- C.
Decreased blood flow to the alveoli
- D.
Increased blood flow to the alveoli
- E.
Decreased diffusion of oxygen into the capillaries from the alveoli
- 4.HIV has a high mutation rate and can use this to its advantage to develop resistance to antivirals because
- A.
Frequent mutations provide greater opportunity for survival of selective pressures
- B.
Viral agents infect specific cells, which enhances mutations
- C.
Antivirals target viral DNA
- D.
Helper T cells prevent antivirals from reaching HIV
- E.
Mutation in RNA viruses is always an advantage to the virus
- 5.Carbon Dioxide sensors are found in
- A.
The carotid body and aorta
- B.
The medulla
- C.
The carotid body
- D.
The aorta
- E.
The medulla and carotid body
- 6.Which of the following organisms has a respiratory system that does not require a circulatory system?
- A.
Grasshopper
- B.
Mouse
- C.
Earthworm
- D.
Carp
- E.
Crayfish
- 7.What drives the movement of oxygen from the alveoli into the bloodstream?
- A.
Active transport against a concentration gradient
- B.
Facilitated diffusion down a concentration gradient
- C.
Facilitated diffusion against a concentration gradient
- D.
Diffusion down a concentration gradient
- E.
The heart pumping the oxygen into the bloodstream
- 8.What drives the movement of carbon dioxide from tissue into the bloodstream?
- A.
Active transport against a concentration gradient
- B.
Facilitated diffusion down a concentration gradient
- C.
Facilitated diffusion against a concentration gradient
- D.
Diffusion down a concentration gradient
- E.
The heart pumping the oxygen into the bloodstream
- 9.Why are gills only found in aquatic animals?
- A.
There isn’t enough oxygen in air for them to absorb
- B.
Gasses can only diffuse in water
- C.
Capillaries can only exchange gas with alveoli, not gills
- D.
They dry up when exposed to air
- E.
Aquatic animals do not transport oxygen on red blood cells
- 10.If you were to move from around sea level to a much higher altitude, your body would respond with
- A.
Profuse sweating
- B.
A decrease in the diameter and number of capillaries close to your body's surface
- C.
An increase in energy production
- D.
A decrease in the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen
- E.
An increase in the number of your red blood cells
- 11.Which of the following cell types is responsible for cell-mediated immunity?
- A.
T cells
- B.
B cells
- C.
Leukocytes
- D.
Natural killer cells
- E.
Lymphocytes
- 12.In birds, deoxygenated air moves from the lungs into the ___ before the air is expelled.
- A.
Anterior air sacs
- B.
Lamellae of the gills
- C.
Posterior air sacs
- D.
Bronchioles
- E.
Capillaries
- 13.Most CO2 is transported to the lungs
- A.
Dissolved in the plasma
- B.
Attached to hemoglobin
- C.
As carbonic anhydrase
- D.
As carboxyl
- E.
As bicarbonate ions
- 14.Which of the following options correctly lists the direction of carbon dioxide travel as it leaves the body?
- A.
Alveoli, bronchioles, bronchi, trachea, pharynx, larynx
- B.
Alveoli, bronchi, bronchioles, trachea, larynx, pharynx
- C.
Alveoli, bronchioles, bronchi, trachea, larynx, pharynx
- D.
Alveoli, bronchi, bronchioles, trachea, pharynx, larynx
- E.
Alveoli, trachea, bronchioles, bronchi, pharynx, larynx
- 15.Which main tissue type of the circulatory system enables diffusion across walls of capillaries?
- A.
Connective
- B.
Epithelial
- C.
Muscle
- D.
Nervous
- E.
Vascular
- 16.Which main tissue type of the circulatory system regulates airflow to the alveoli?
- A.
Connective
- B.
Epithelial
- C.
Muscle
- D.
Nervous
- E.
Vascular
- 17.Which blood vessels have the thinnest walls?
- A.
Arteries
- B.
Arterioles
- C.
Veins
- D.
Venules
- E.
Capillaries
- 18.Olfaction is
- A.
The sense of smell
- B.
The sense of hearing
- C.
The sense of taste
- D.
The sense of vision
- E.
The sense of touch
- 19.Which of the following is not a main function of the respiratory system?
- A.
Olfaction
- B.
Gas exchange between the lungs and the atmosphere
- C.
Production of sounds
- D.
Transport of oxygen to the cells of the body
- E.
Maintaining blood pH homeostasis
- 20.The movement of air across the vocal cords in the ___ produces sound
- A.
Pharynx
- B.
Larynx
- C.
Trachea
- D.
Glottis
- E.
Uvula
- 21.Sleep apnea is more common in people who are overweight. Excess fat in the neck compresses the airway, cutting off air flow. The person then wakes their throat and resumes normal breathing. Which of the following would trigger this reflex?
- A.
Increased oxygen
- B.
Decreased carbon dioxide
- C.
Increased carbon dioxide
- D.
Decreased oxygen
- E.
Decreased nitrogen
- 22.The upper respiratory tract is composed of what?
- A.
The nose, pharynx, and trachea
- B.
The nose, larynx, and trachea
- C.
The nose, trachea, and lungs
- D.
The nose, pharynx, and larynx
- E.
The nose and pharynx
- 23.The lower respiratory tract is composed of what?
- A.
The pharynx, and lungs
- B.
The larynx, and lungs
- C.
The larynx, trachea, and lungs
- D.
The trachea and lungs
- E.
The pharynx, trachea, and lungs
- 24.In the pulmonary circulation, ___ is expelled from the blood and ___ is picked up
- A.
Nitrogen, oxygen
- B.
Oxygen, carbon dioxide
- C.
Oxygen, nitrogen
- D.
Carbon dioxide, nitrogen
- E.
Carbon dioxide, oxygen
- 25.In the systemic circulation, ___ is expelled from the blood and ___ is picked up
- A.
Nitrogen, oxygen
- B.
Oxygen, carbon dioxide
- C.
Oxygen, nitrogen
- D.
Carbon dioxide, nitrogen
- E.
Carbon dioxide, oxygen
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