Bio 102 Exam #2

75 Questions | Attempts: 153
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  • 1/75 Questions

    When you exhale, you

    • Release oxygen and carbon dioxide
    • Exchange CO2 for O2
    • Take up oxygen and release carbon dioxide to the blood
    • Take up carbon dioxide and release oxygen
    • Remove CO2 from the body
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  • 2. 

    A waste product of respiration is

    • Water

    • Electrons

    • Hydrogen peroxide

    • Carbon dioxide

    • Glucose

    Correct Answer
    A. Carbon dioxide
  • 3. 

    When you hold your breath, which of the following blood gas changes leads initially to the urge to breathe again?

    • Rising oxygen concentration

    • Rising carbon dioxide concentration

    • Falling oxygen concentration

    • Falling carbon dioxide concentration

    • Falling nitrogen concentration

    Correct Answer
    A. Rising carbon dioxide concentration
  • 4. 

    Aerobic respiration consumes ___ gas and generates ___ gas as a waste product

    • Oxygen, carbon dioxide

    • Nitrogen, carbon dioxide

    • Carbon dioxide, nitrogen

    • Oxygen, nitrogen

    • Carbon dioxide, oxygen

    Correct Answer
    A. Oxygen, carbon dioxide
  • 5. 

    In the pulmonary circulation, ___ is expelled from the blood and ___ is picked up

    • Nitrogen, oxygen

    • Oxygen, carbon dioxide

    • Oxygen, nitrogen

    • Carbon dioxide, nitrogen

    • Carbon dioxide, oxygen

    Correct Answer
    A. Carbon dioxide, oxygen
  • 6. 

    Olfaction is

    • The sense of smell

    • The sense of hearing

    • The sense of taste

    • The sense of vision

    • The sense of touch

    Correct Answer
    A. The sense of smell
  • 7. 

    The movement of air across the vocal cords in the ___ produces sound

    • Pharynx

    • Larynx

    • Trachea

    • Glottis

    • Uvula

    Correct Answer
    A. Larynx
  • 8. 

    What drives the movement of oxygen from the alveoli into the bloodstream?

    • Active transport against a concentration gradient

    • Facilitated diffusion down a concentration gradient

    • Facilitated diffusion against a concentration gradient

    • Diffusion down a concentration gradient

    • The heart pumping the oxygen into the bloodstream

    Correct Answer
    A. Diffusion down a concentration gradient
  • 9. 

    Where would fish have the highest concentration of oxygen in their blood?

    • As it left their systemic circulation

    • As it left their heart

    • As it entered their heart

    • As it left their lungs

    • As it left their gills

    Correct Answer
    A. As it left their gills
  • 10. 

    Which of the following types of cells does HIV preferentially infect?

    • Cytotoxic T cells

    • Natural killer cells

    • Helper T cells

    • Plasma cells

    • Memory cells

    Correct Answer
    A. Helper T cells
  • 11. 

    How does an insect “hold its breath”?

    • By closing its tracheae

    • By closing its mouth

    • By closing its spiracles

    • By closing its gills

    • By closing its nostrils

    Correct Answer
    A. By closing its spiracles
  • 12. 

    In Cystic Fibrosis, a thick dry mucus builds up in the alveoli. Which of the following would you expect to occur in these patients?

    • Decreased rate of respiration

    • Increased diffusion of carbon dioxide into capillaries from the alveoli

    • Decreased blood flow to the alveoli

    • Increased blood flow to the alveoli

    • Decreased diffusion of oxygen into the capillaries from the alveoli

    Correct Answer
    A. Decreased diffusion of oxygen into the capillaries from the alveoli
  • 13. 

    Which of the following options correctly lists the direction of carbon dioxide travel as it leaves the body?

    • Alveoli, bronchioles, bronchi, trachea, pharynx, larynx

    • Alveoli, bronchi, bronchioles, trachea, larynx, pharynx

    • Alveoli, bronchioles, bronchi, trachea, larynx, pharynx

    • Alveoli, bronchi, bronchioles, trachea, pharynx, larynx

    • Alveoli, trachea, bronchioles, bronchi, pharynx, larynx

    Correct Answer
    A. Alveoli, bronchioles, bronchi, trachea, larynx, pharynx
  • 14. 

    Which blood vessels have the thinnest walls?

    • Arteries

    • Arterioles

    • Veins

    • Venules

    • Capillaries

    Correct Answer
    A. Capillaries
  • 15. 

    In the systemic circulation, ___ is expelled from the blood and ___ is picked up

    • Nitrogen, oxygen

    • Oxygen, carbon dioxide

    • Oxygen, nitrogen

    • Carbon dioxide, nitrogen

    • Carbon dioxide, oxygen

    Correct Answer
    A. Oxygen, carbon dioxide
  • 16. 

    Animals that effectively use their body surface for gas exchange must

    • Be terrestrial

    • Have a high ratio of body surface area to volume

    • Have a low ratio of body surface area to volume

    • Be aquatic and nearly spherical

    • Have a special kind of hemoglobin

    Correct Answer
    A. Have a high ratio of body surface area to volume
  • 17. 

    What name is given to the sheet of muscle that helps move air in and out of the lungs?

    • Trachea

    • Alveolus

    • Larynx

    • Diaphragm

    • Bronchus

    Correct Answer
    A. Diaphragm
  • 18. 

    Which of the following cell types is responsible for cell-mediated immunity?

    • T cells

    • B cells

    • Leukocytes

    • Natural killer cells

    • Lymphocytes

    Correct Answer
    A. T cells
  • 19. 

    In aquatic organisms, highly folded structures that exchange gases directly with water

    • Spicules

    • Alveoli

    • Tracheae

    • Spiracles

    • Gills

    Correct Answer
    A. Gills
  • 20. 

    In mammals, blood returning from the head will pass through the ___ just before entering the right atrium

    • Right ventricle

    • Left atrium

    • Superior vena cava

    • Inferior vena cava

    • Aorta

    Correct Answer
    A. Superior vena cava
  • 21. 

    The simplest animals with a closed circulatory system are

    • Mollusks

    • Amphibians

    • Annelids

    • Fish

    • Reptiles

    Correct Answer
    A. Annelids
  • 22. 

    Which of the following factors contributes to the flow of blood in veins?

    • Skeletal muscle contractions

    • The number of red blood cells in venous blood

    • The diameter of capillaries

    • Blood pressure generated by the heart

    • Cardiac output

    Correct Answer
    A. Skeletal muscle contractions
  • 23. 

    What type of blood vessel is solely responsible for exchange between the blood and the interstitial fluid?

    • Artery

    • Arteriole

    • Capillary

    • Venule

    • Vein

    Correct Answer
    A. Capillary
  • 24. 

    If you were to move from around sea level to a much higher altitude, your body would respond with

    • Profuse sweating

    • A decrease in the diameter and number of capillaries close to your body's surface

    • An increase in energy production

    • A decrease in the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen

    • An increase in the number of your red blood cells

    Correct Answer
    A. An increase in the number of your red blood cells
  • 25. 

    Which of the following is an immediate effect of histamine release?

    • Dilation of local blood vessels

    • Blocking of a response to ragweed pollen

    • Conversion of histamine to histidine

    • Increase in blood pressure

    • Metabolic production of energy molecules

    Correct Answer
    A. Dilation of local blood vessels
  • 26. 

    In birds, deoxygenated air moves from the lungs into the ___ before the air is expelled.

    • Anterior air sacs

    • Lamellae of the gills

    • Posterior air sacs

    • Bronchioles

    • Capillaries

    Correct Answer
    A. Anterior air sacs
  • 27. 

    Which of the following is a function of the circulatory system?

    • Maintaining an optimal red blood cell count

    • Transporting nerve impulses throughout the body

    • Governing nutrient concentration in the blood

    • Transporting nutrients to body cells

    • Mounting a response to invading microorganisms

    Correct Answer
    A. Transporting nutrients to body cells
  • 28. 

    Ice fish would have which of the following circulatory systems?

    • Closed with two-chambered heart

    • Open

    • Closed with a single-chambered heart

    • Closed with a three-chambered heart

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Closed with two-chambered heart
  • 29. 

    Which of the following organisms has a respiratory system that does not require a circulatory system?

    • Grasshopper

    • Mouse

    • Earthworm

    • Carp

    • Crayfish

    Correct Answer
    A. Grasshopper
  • 30. 

    What drives the movement of carbon dioxide from tissue into the bloodstream?

    • Active transport against a concentration gradient

    • Facilitated diffusion down a concentration gradient

    • Facilitated diffusion against a concentration gradient

    • Diffusion down a concentration gradient

    • The heart pumping the oxygen into the bloodstream

    Correct Answer
    A. Diffusion down a concentration gradient
  • 31. 

    The upper respiratory tract is composed of what?

    • The nose, pharynx, and trachea

    • The nose, larynx, and trachea

    • The nose, trachea, and lungs

    • The nose, pharynx, and larynx

    • The nose and pharynx

    Correct Answer
    A. The nose, pharynx, and larynx
  • 32. 

    The two largest veins of the body that deliver blood to the right atrium are the

    • Pulmonary vein and inferior vena cava

    • Superior vena cava and pulmonary vein

    • Aorta and inferior vena cava

    • Inferior vena cava and superior vena cava

    • Aorta and superior vena cava

    Correct Answer
    A. Inferior vena cava and superior vena cava
  • 33. 

    The main function of the AV node is to

    • Initiate the heartbeat

    • Set the rhythm of the heartbeat

    • Relay the signal for the heart to contract from the right ventricle to the right atrium

    • ) relay the signal for the heart to contract from the right heart to the left heart

    • Relay a signal for the ventricles to contract

    Correct Answer
    A. Relay a signal for the ventricles to contract
  • 34. 

    Medullary breathing centers directly sense and respond to

    • Blood pH and CO2 concentration

    • Blood O2 concentration

    • Alveolar CO2 concentration

    • Alveolar O2 concentration

    • Blood pH and O2 concentration

    Correct Answer
    A. Blood pH and CO2 concentration
  • 35. 

    In mammals, which of the following vessels transports oxygenated blood from the lung back to the heart?

    • Pulmonary artery

    • Pulmonary vein

    • Aorta

    • Vena cava

    • Coronary artery

    Correct Answer
    A. Pulmonary vein
  • 36. 

    The location of the heart's pacemaker is a specialized region of cardiac muscle called the

    • Atrioventricular node

    • Sinoatrial node

    • Purkinje fibers

    • Heart center of the brain

    • Aorta

    Correct Answer
    A. Sinoatrial node
  • 37. 

    The “master cells” of the immune system that initiate and coordinate the adaptive immune response are

    • Basophils

    • Helper T cells

    • Mast cells

    • Cytotoxic T cells

    • B cells

    Correct Answer
    A. Helper T cells
  • 38. 

    Which of the following wander through the interstitial fluid eating any bacteria and virus-infected cells they encounter?

    • Erythrocytes

    • Megakaryocytes

    • Leukocytes

    • Macrophages

    • Interferons

    Correct Answer
    A. Macrophages
  • 39. 

    The lower respiratory tract is composed of what?

    • The pharynx, and lungs

    • The larynx, and lungs

    • The larynx, trachea, and lungs

    • The trachea and lungs

    • The pharynx, trachea, and lungs

    Correct Answer
    A. The trachea and lungs
  • 40. 

    The walls of the bronchioles are made up of

    • Smooth muscle

    • Cartilage and smooth muscle

    • Cartilage and skeletal muscle

    • Cartilage

    • Skeletal muscle

    Correct Answer
    A. Smooth muscle
  • 41. 

    The chamber of the mammalian heart that is the most powerful is the

    • Left atrium

    • Left ventricle

    • Right atrium

    • Right ventricle

    • All chambers of the heart have equal forces of contraction

    Correct Answer
    A. Left ventricle
  • 42. 

    From the left ventricle, oxygen-rich blood flows through the

    • Superior vena cava

    • Inferior vena cava

    • Aorta

    • Pulmonary artery

    • Pulmonary vein

    Correct Answer
    A. Aorta
  • 43. 

    HIV has a high mutation rate and can use this to its advantage to develop resistance to antivirals because

    • Frequent mutations provide greater opportunity for survival of selective pressures

    • Viral agents infect specific cells, which enhances mutations

    • Antivirals target viral DNA

    • Helper T cells prevent antivirals from reaching HIV

    • Mutation in RNA viruses is always an advantage to the virus

    Correct Answer
    A. Frequent mutations provide greater opportunity for survival of selective pressures
  • 44. 

    Which main tissue type of the circulatory system enables diffusion across walls of capillaries?

    • Connective

    • Epithelial

    • Muscle

    • Nervous

    • Vascular

    Correct Answer
    A. Epithelial
  • 45. 

    Which of the following is a likely advantage of a three-chambered heart?

    • Greater separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood

    • Greater blood pressure

    • The ability to divert deoxygenated blood away from the lungs when diving underwater

    • The ability to generate more body heat than a mammal

    • Greater mixing of blood in the ventricle

    Correct Answer
    A. The ability to divert deoxygenated blood away from the lungs when diving underwater
  • 46. 

    High-flying birds are able to obtain enough oxygen even when the air is very thin because

    • They have more efficient lungs than other vertebrates

    • They have reduced amounts of hemoglobin in their blood

    • Their mitochondria are more efficient than those of other vertebrates

    • Their heart can increase or decrease in size as altitude changes

    • They are able to store oxygen in oxygen chambers within muscle cells

    Correct Answer
    A. They have more efficient lungs than other vertebrates
  • 47. 

    How do ice fish transport oxygen in their blood?

    • In red blood cells

    • In white blood cells

    • In platelets

    • In plasma

    • On hemoglobin

    Correct Answer
    A. In plasma
  • 48. 

    The two main functions of the lymphatic system are

    • Coagulating blood and fighting infections

    • Producing hormones that regulate the immune system and coagulating blood

    • Producing hormones that regulate the immune system and fighting infections

    • Returning tissue fluid to the circulatory system and coagulating blood

    • Returning tissue fluid to the circulatory system and fighting infections

    Correct Answer
    A. Returning tissue fluid to the circulatory system and fighting infections
  • 49. 

    The innate chemical substance that alerts other cells and components of the immune system to a viral infection is

    • Histamine

    • Complement

    • Interleukin

    • Interferon

    • Epinephrine

    Correct Answer
    A. Interferon

Quiz Review Timeline (Updated): Mar 21, 2022 +

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  • Current Version
  • Mar 21, 2022
    Quiz Edited by
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  • Apr 27, 2012
    Quiz Created by
    Danpack1988

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