A Nursing Quiz About Pediatrics!

1. True or False:
Parents should be encouraged to provide routine care for the child, such as changing diapers and feeding the child

True

False

Age-related interventions for hospitalization of the toddler: Encourage parents to provide routine care for the child, such as changing diapers and feeding child (p. 125).

Explanation

Age-related interventions for hospitalization of the toddler: Encourage parents to provide routine care for the child, such as changing diapers and feeding child (p. 125).

2. Which of the following is not recommended as feeding alternatives for infants

Breastfeeding

Iron-fortified formula

Cow's milk

None of the above

Feeding alternatives for an infant include:
Breastfeeding (recommended)
Iron-fortified formula (accepted alternative to breast milk)
Cow's milk (NOT RECOMMENDED)

Explanation

Feeding alternatives for an infant include:
Breastfeeding (recommended)
Iron-fortified formula (accepted alternative to breast milk)
Cow's milk (NOT RECOMMENDED)

3. True or False:Bottles should be given to infants at bedtime to ease falling asleep.

True

False

Bottles should NOT be given to infants when they are falling asleep. This will help to avoid prolonged exposure to milk or juice that can cause dental caries (bottle mouth syndrome) (p. 38).

Explanation

Bottles should NOT be given to infants when they are falling asleep. This will help to avoid prolonged exposure to milk or juice that can cause dental caries (bottle mouth syndrome) (p. 38).

4. True or False:Toddlers are picky eaters

True

False

Toddlers are picky eaters with repeated requests for favorite foods (p. 47).

Explanation

Toddlers are picky eaters with repeated requests for favorite foods (p. 47).

5. The infant's size is tracked by

Height

Weight

Head circumference

All of the above

None of the above

The infant's size is tracked by weight, height, and head circumference (p. 34).

Explanation

The infant's size is tracked by weight, height, and head circumference (p. 34).

6. True or False:Preschoolers may continue being picky eaters up to age 5

True

False

A preschooler may continue being picky eaters up to age 5 (p. 56).

Explanation

A preschooler may continue being picky eaters up to age 5 (p. 56).

7. Which of the following describes onlooker play?

Child playing alone

Organized playing in groups

Child observing others

Child playing independently

Children playing together without organization

Social Character of Play
-Onlooker: Child observing others
-Solitary: Child playing alone
-Parallel: Child playing independently, but among other children, which is characteristic of a toddler
-Associative: Children playing together without organization, which is characteristic f preschoolers
-Cooperative: Organized playing in groups, which is characteristic of the school-age child
(p. 89).

Explanation

Social Character of Play
-Onlooker: Child observing others
-Solitary: Child playing alone
-Parallel: Child playing independently, but among other children, which is characteristic of a toddler
-Associative: Children playing together without organization, which is characteristic f preschoolers
-Cooperative: Organized playing in groups, which is characteristic of the school-age child
(p. 89).

8. True or False:Separation anxiety continues to occurs when a parent leaves the toddler

True

False

Separation anxiety continues to occur when a parent leaves the [toddler] (p. 46).

Explanation

Separation anxiety continues to occur when a parent leaves the [toddler] (p. 46).

9. True or False:School-age children prefer the company of same-sex companions

True

False

Children at this age (school-age children [5-12 years]) prefer the company of same-sex companions (p. 65).

Explanation

Children at this age (school-age children [5-12 years]) prefer the company of same-sex companions (p. 65).

10. True or False:
In the FLACC scale, The F stands for Faces, L stands for Legs, A stands for Activity, C stands for Cry, C stands for Consolability

True

False

FLACC postoperative pain tool (Faces, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability) (p. 111)

Explanation

FLACC postoperative pain tool (Faces, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability) (p. 111)

11. Which of the following is composed of a common-law tie between two members of the same sex who may or may not have children?

Same-sex family

Nuclear family

Extended family

Foster family

None of the above

Same-sex family involves a common-law tie between two members of the same sex who may or may not have children (p. 2)

Explanation

Same-sex family involves a common-law tie between two members of the same sex who may or may not have children (p. 2)

12. Which of the following describes parallel play?

Child playing independently, but among other children

Child observing others

Organized playing in groups

Child playing alone

Child playing together without organization

Social Character of Play
-Onlooker: Child observing others
-Solitary: Child playing alone
-Parallel: Child playing independently, but among other children, which is characteristic of a toddler
-Associative: Children playing together without organization, which is characteristic f preschoolers
-Cooperative: Organized playing in groups, which is characteristic of the school-age child
(p. 89).

Explanation

Social Character of Play
-Onlooker: Child observing others
-Solitary: Child playing alone
-Parallel: Child playing independently, but among other children, which is characteristic of a toddler
-Associative: Children playing together without organization, which is characteristic f preschoolers
-Cooperative: Organized playing in groups, which is characteristic of the school-age child
(p. 89).

13. Which of the following is composed of at least one stepparent, stepsibling, or half-sibling?

Nuclear family

Extended family

Blended family

Foster family

None of the above

The blended family is composed of at least one stepparent, stepsibling, or half-sibling (p. 2)

Explanation

The blended family is composed of at least one stepparent, stepsibling, or half-sibling (p. 2)

14. Which of the following describes cooperative play?

Child playing independently

Organized playing in groups

Child observing others

Child playing alone

Child playing independently, but among other children

Social Character of Play
-Onlooker: Child observing others
-Solitary: Child playing alone
-Parallel: Child playing independently, but among other children, which is characteristic of a toddler
-Associative: Children playing together without organization, which is characteristic f preschoolers
-Cooperative: Organized playing in groups, which is characteristic of the school-age child
(p. 89).

Explanation

Social Character of Play
-Onlooker: Child observing others
-Solitary: Child playing alone
-Parallel: Child playing independently, but among other children, which is characteristic of a toddler
-Associative: Children playing together without organization, which is characteristic f preschoolers
-Cooperative: Organized playing in groups, which is characteristic of the school-age child
(p. 89).

15. True or False: Infants should turn away from sound

True

False

Infants should turn toward sounds (p. 23).

Explanation

Infants should turn toward sounds (p. 23).

16. True or False:A typical toddler may comprehend days of the week

True

False

The PRESCHOOLER begins to understand the concepts of the past, present, and future. By the END OF THE PRESCHOOL years, the child may comprehend days of the week (p. 55).

Explanation

The PRESCHOOLER begins to understand the concepts of the past, present, and future. By the END OF THE PRESCHOOL years, the child may comprehend days of the week (p. 55).

17. Which of the following is composed of two parents and their children (e.g. biologic or adoptive)?

Same-sex family

Foster family

Nuclear family

Blended family

None of the above

Nuclear families are composed of two parents and their children (e.g. biologic or adoptive) (p. 2)

Explanation

Nuclear families are composed of two parents and their children (e.g. biologic or adoptive) (p. 2)

18. Which of the following parenting styles involves parents who exert little or no control over their children's behaviours?

Dictatorial or authoritative

Dictatorial or authoritarian

Permissive or authoritarian

Permissive or laissez-faire

Democratic or authoritative

Permissive or laissez-faire parent style is described as parents who exert little or no control over their children's behaviours. E.g. Children may watch TV whenever they want to watch it (p. 3).

Explanation

Permissive or laissez-faire parent style is described as parents who exert little or no control over their children's behaviours. E.g. Children may watch TV whenever they want to watch it (p. 3).

19. True or False:Lesions are normal findings in children from 2 to 5 years of age

True

False

When assessing the skin, the nurse should be aware that lesions are not normal findings (p. 21).

Explanation

When assessing the skin, the nurse should be aware that lesions are not normal findings (p. 21).

20. True or False:Respiratory infections are common in school-age children.

True

False

Respiratory infections are still common at this (school-age [5 to 12 years]) age (p. 67).

Explanation

Respiratory infections are still common at this (school-age [5 to 12 years]) age (p. 67).

21. Which of the following is not part of the anthropometry measurement?

Height/length

Weight

Head circumference

Chest circumference

Skinfold measurement

Anthropometry measurements, which include height/length, weight, and head and chest circumference, are part of the nutritional nursing assessment (p. 82).

Explanation

Anthropometry measurements, which include height/length, weight, and head and chest circumference, are part of the nutritional nursing assessment (p. 82).

22. Your pediatric patient's mother states the following, "Normal BP is any reading that is more than the 90th percentile adjusted for height and weight." This statement...

Is true and does not require further teaching

Warrants further patient/family education

For ages 2 to 5 years, BP reading for the 90th percentile taken by oscillometry is 112/66 BP. BP will continue to rise as the child grows. Normal BP is any reading that is LESS than the 90th percentile adjusted for height and weight (p. 19).

Explanation

For ages 2 to 5 years, BP reading for the 90th percentile taken by oscillometry is 112/66 BP. BP will continue to rise as the child grows. Normal BP is any reading that is LESS than the 90th percentile adjusted for height and weight (p. 19).

23. True or False:Age appropriate activities for infants include watching educational TV and videos for children

True

False

INFANT
-Birth to 3 months: visual and auditory stimuli
-3 to 6 months: noise-making objects and soft toys
-6 to 9 months: teething toys and social interaction
-9 to 12 months: large blocks, toys that pop apart, and push and pull toys.

TODDLER
-1 to 3 years - cloth books, large crayons and paper, push-and-pull toys, riding a tricycle, tossing a ball, and puzzles with large pieces
-Watches educational TV and videos for children

PRESCHOOL
-Associative, imitative, and imaginative play
-Likes to draw, pain, ride tricycle, swim, jump, and run
-Watches educational television and videos

SCHOOL-AGE
-Games that can be played alone or with another person
-Team sports
-Playing a musical instrument
-Arts and crafts, collections

ADOLESCENT
-Sports
-School activities
-Quiet activities
-Peer interactions

p. 90

Explanation

INFANT
-Birth to 3 months: visual and auditory stimuli
-3 to 6 months: noise-making objects and soft toys
-6 to 9 months: teething toys and social interaction
-9 to 12 months: large blocks, toys that pop apart, and push and pull toys.

TODDLER
-1 to 3 years - cloth books, large crayons and paper, push-and-pull toys, riding a tricycle, tossing a ball, and puzzles with large pieces
-Watches educational TV and videos for children

PRESCHOOL
-Associative, imitative, and imaginative play
-Likes to draw, pain, ride tricycle, swim, jump, and run
-Watches educational television and videos

SCHOOL-AGE
-Games that can be played alone or with another person
-Team sports
-Playing a musical instrument
-Arts and crafts, collections

ADOLESCENT
-Sports
-School activities
-Quiet activities
-Peer interactions

p. 90

24. Which of the following is not included in positive parental influences?

Structure maintained in the household

Communication that validates the child's feelings

Monitoring of children for safety with special consideration for their developmental needs

Parents' engagement in activities with their children

None of the above

Positive parental influences include:
Parents who are in good mental health
Maintained structure in the household
Parents' engagement in activities with their children
Communication that validates the child's feelings
Monitoring of children for safety with special consideration for their developmental needs
(p. 3)

Explanation

Positive parental influences include:
Parents who are in good mental health
Maintained structure in the household
Parents' engagement in activities with their children
Communication that validates the child's feelings
Monitoring of children for safety with special consideration for their developmental needs
(p. 3)

25. Toddlers engage in which kind of play?

Solitary

Parallel

Cooperative

Competitive

None of the above

Solitary play evolves into PARALLEL play where the toddler observes other children and then may engage in activities nearby. Age-appropriate activities include: Filling and emptying containers, Playing with blocks, Reading books, Playing with toys that can be pushed and pulled, Tossing a ball (p. 47).

Explanation

Solitary play evolves into PARALLEL play where the toddler observes other children and then may engage in activities nearby. Age-appropriate activities include: Filling and emptying containers, Playing with blocks, Reading books, Playing with toys that can be pushed and pulled, Tossing a ball (p. 47).

26. What age is Erikson's trust vs. mistrust?

Birth-1 year

1-3 years

3-5 years

5-12 years

12-20 years

Erikson's psychosocial development of trust vs. mistrust occurs in infancy from birth to 1 year (p. 34).

Explanation

Erikson's psychosocial development of trust vs. mistrust occurs in infancy from birth to 1 year (p. 34).

27. The infant ____ birth weight by the end of the first year

Doubles

Triples

Quadruples

None of the above

The infant gains 0.7 kg (1.5 lb) per month the first 6 months, and 0.3 kg (0.75 lb) per month the last 6 months. The infant triples birth weight by the end of the first year (p. 35).

Explanation

The infant gains 0.7 kg (1.5 lb) per month the first 6 months, and 0.3 kg (0.75 lb) per month the last 6 months. The infant triples birth weight by the end of the first year (p. 35).

28. True or False: The preschooler (age 3 to 5) should gain 10 lb per year.

True

False

The preschooler should gain about 2.25kg (5 lb) per year (p. 54).

Explanation

The preschooler should gain about 2.25kg (5 lb) per year (p. 54).

29. Which is not an appropriate activity for the adolescent age group?

Sports

Caring for a pet

Reading

Violent video games

None of the above

Age-appropriate activities for adolescents include: NONVIOLENT video games, nonviolent music, sports, caring for a pet, career-training programs, reading, social events (e.g going to the movies, school dances) (p. 74).

Explanation

Age-appropriate activities for adolescents include: NONVIOLENT video games, nonviolent music, sports, caring for a pet, career-training programs, reading, social events (e.g going to the movies, school dances) (p. 74).

30. Which of the following is the leading cause of death among 12-20 year olds?

Motor vehicle crashes

Homicides

Suicide

Substance abuse and toxicity

None of the above

Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death in adolescents (12 to 20 years) (p. 75).

Explanation

Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death in adolescents (12 to 20 years) (p. 75).

31. Which of the following describes solitary play?

Organized playing in groups

Children playing together without organization

Child observing others

Child playing alone

Child playing independently

Social Character of Play
-Onlooker: Child observing others
-Solitary: Child playing alone
-Parallel: Child playing independently, but among other children, which is characteristic of a toddler
-Associative: Children playing together without organization, which is characteristic f preschoolers
-Cooperative: Organized playing in groups, which is characteristic of the school-age child
(p. 89).

Explanation

Social Character of Play
-Onlooker: Child observing others
-Solitary: Child playing alone
-Parallel: Child playing independently, but among other children, which is characteristic of a toddler
-Associative: Children playing together without organization, which is characteristic f preschoolers
-Cooperative: Organized playing in groups, which is characteristic of the school-age child
(p. 89).

32. How many deciduous teeth and how many permanent teeth is expected?

20 deciduous teeth and 32 permanent teeth

20 permanent teeth and 32 deciduous teeth

10 permanent teeth and 22 deciduous teeth

10 deciduous teeth and 22 permanent teeth

None of the above

Children and adolescents - Teeth should be white, smooth, with 20 deciduous and 32 permanent teeth (p. 24).

Explanation

Children and adolescents - Teeth should be white, smooth, with 20 deciduous and 32 permanent teeth (p. 24).

33. A concerned mother expresses that her infant's chest moves in irregular rhythms, the nurse

Refers the family to a neonatologist

Assures her that this can be normal in infants

Prepares the infant for intubation

Prepares the infant for hospitalization

None of the above

In regards to thorax and lung movements in infants, irregular rhythms are common

Explanation

In regards to thorax and lung movements in infants, irregular rhythms are common

34. True or False:
Combining a nonopiod and opiod medication treats pain peripherally and centrally

True

False

Combining a nonopiod and opiod medication treats pain peripherally and centrally. This offers greater analgesia with less adverse effects (e.g. respiratory depression, constipation, nausea) (p. 114).

Explanation

Combining a nonopiod and opiod medication treats pain peripherally and centrally. This offers greater analgesia with less adverse effects (e.g. respiratory depression, constipation, nausea) (p. 114).

35. A collection of learned, adaptive, and transmitted social values and beliefs that form the context from which a group interprets the human experience is

Ethnicity

Race

Culture

All of the above

None of the above

Culture is a collection of learned, adaptive, and transmitted social values and beliefs that form the context from which a group interprets the human experience (p. 9)

Explanation

Culture is a collection of learned, adaptive, and transmitted social values and beliefs that form the context from which a group interprets the human experience (p. 9)

36. Your infantile patient has a temperature of 97.9, this is

Within normal limits

Abnormal, low

Abnormal, high

Infant temperature (axillary or rectal) 36.5-37.5C (97.7-99.5F) (p. 19)

Explanation

Infant temperature (axillary or rectal) 36.5-37.5C (97.7-99.5F) (p. 19)

37. True or False:Normal infant blood pressure runs higher than normal adult blood pressure

True

False

False. BP reading for the 90th percentile taken by oscillometry is 110/71 mmHg (p. 19). Remember that babies are smaller and require less pressure to get blood to extremities.

Explanation

False. BP reading for the 90th percentile taken by oscillometry is 110/71 mmHg (p. 19). Remember that babies are smaller and require less pressure to get blood to extremities.

38. True or False:As a child's age increases, their blood pressure decreases

True

False

BP will continue to rise as the child grows (p. 19).

Explanation

BP will continue to rise as the child grows (p. 19).

39. True or False:Preoperational thought allows for the toddler to understand other viewpoints

True

False

Preoperational thought [in toddlers] does NOT allow for the toddler to understand other viewpoints, but it does allow toddler to symbolize objects and people in order to imitate activities they have seen previously (p. 46).

Explanation

Preoperational thought [in toddlers] does NOT allow for the toddler to understand other viewpoints, but it does allow toddler to symbolize objects and people in order to imitate activities they have seen previously (p. 46).

40. Which of the following is a nutritional concern in childhood?

Dietary deficiencies

Hunger

Failure to thrive

Food intolerance/allergy

All the above

Common nutritional concerns in childhood include hunger, failure to thrive, obesity, foodborne illness, dietary deficiencies, and food intolerance/allergy (p. 80).

Explanation

Common nutritional concerns in childhood include hunger, failure to thrive, obesity, foodborne illness, dietary deficiencies, and food intolerance/allergy (p. 80).

41. The vastus lateralis site is usually the recommended site ______

Infants and children less than 2 years

Children less than 5 years

Children less than 10 years

Children less than 3 years

Children less than 12 years

General consideration for IM medication administration include:
-The vastus lateralis site is usually the recommended site for infants and children less than 2 yeas
-After age 2, the ventral gluteal site can be used. Both of these sites can accommodate fluid up to 2 mL

Explanation

General consideration for IM medication administration include:
-The vastus lateralis site is usually the recommended site for infants and children less than 2 yeas
-After age 2, the ventral gluteal site can be used. Both of these sites can accommodate fluid up to 2 mL

42. The onlooker in the social character of play is represented by which of the following statements?

Child playing alone

Child observing others

Child playing independently, but among other children, which is characteristic of a toddler

Children playing together without organization, which is characteristic of preschoolers

Organized playing in groups, which is characteristic of the school-age child

Social Character of Play
-Onlooker: Child observing others
-Solitary: Child playing alone
-Parallel: Child playing independently, but among other children, which is characteristic of a toddler
-Associative: Children playing together without organization, which is characteristic f preschoolers
-Cooperative: Organized playing in groups, which is characteristic of the school-age child
(p. 89).

Explanation

Social Character of Play
-Onlooker: Child observing others
-Solitary: Child playing alone
-Parallel: Child playing independently, but among other children, which is characteristic of a toddler
-Associative: Children playing together without organization, which is characteristic f preschoolers
-Cooperative: Organized playing in groups, which is characteristic of the school-age child
(p. 89).

43. Which type of play is characteristic of toddler?

Associative

Solitary

Parallel

Cooperative

None of the above

Social Character of Play
-Onlooker: Child observing others
-Solitary: Child playing alone
-Parallel: Child playing independently, but among other children, which is characteristic of a toddler
-Associative: Children playing together without organization, which is characteristic f preschoolers
-Cooperative: Organized playing in groups, which is characteristic of the school-age child
(p. 89).

Explanation

Social Character of Play
-Onlooker: Child observing others
-Solitary: Child playing alone
-Parallel: Child playing independently, but among other children, which is characteristic of a toddler
-Associative: Children playing together without organization, which is characteristic f preschoolers
-Cooperative: Organized playing in groups, which is characteristic of the school-age child
(p. 89).

44. How is absorption of topical medication is changed in children?

It is increased

It is decreased

It is the same as with adults

None of the above

Pharmacokinetic Factors Specific to Children:
-Reduced gastric acid production and slower gastric emptying time
-Reduced first-pass medication metabolism
-Increased absorption of topical medications (greater BSA and thinner skin)
-Lower blood pressure: liver and brain receive greater blood flow, kidneys less
-Higher body-water content (dilutes water-soluble medications)
-Decreased serum protein-binding sites (until age 1)
p. 97-98

Explanation

Pharmacokinetic Factors Specific to Children:
-Reduced gastric acid production and slower gastric emptying time
-Reduced first-pass medication metabolism
-Increased absorption of topical medications (greater BSA and thinner skin)
-Lower blood pressure: liver and brain receive greater blood flow, kidneys less
-Higher body-water content (dilutes water-soluble medications)
-Decreased serum protein-binding sites (until age 1)
p. 97-98

45. Which age-related intervention for hospitalization would most benefit the preschooler?

Explain all procedures using simple, clear language and avoiding medical jargon

Validate the child's fears and concerns

Provide consistency in assigning caregivers

Give choices when possible

All of the above

Age-related interventions for the hospitalized preschooler include the following:
-Explain all procedures using simple, clear language. Avoid medical jargon and terms that can be misinterpreted by the child
-Encourage the child's independence by letting the child provide self-care
-Encourage the child to express feelings
-Validate the child's fears and concerns
-Provide toys that allow for emotional expression, such as pounding a board to release feelings of protest
-Provide consistency in assigning caregivers
-Give choices when possible, such as "Do you want your medicine in a cup or a spoon?"
-Allow younger child to handle equipment if it is safe
p. 125

Explanation

Age-related interventions for the hospitalized preschooler include the following:
-Explain all procedures using simple, clear language. Avoid medical jargon and terms that can be misinterpreted by the child
-Encourage the child's independence by letting the child provide self-care
-Encourage the child to express feelings
-Validate the child's fears and concerns
-Provide toys that allow for emotional expression, such as pounding a board to release feelings of protest
-Provide consistency in assigning caregivers
-Give choices when possible, such as "Do you want your medicine in a cup or a spoon?"
-Allow younger child to handle equipment if it is safe
p. 125

46. The infant's tongue has a white coating that can be easily removed, this is

Normal

Abnormal

Infants may have a white coating on the tongue form milk that can be easily removed. Oral candidiasis coating is not easily removed (p. 24).

Explanation

Infants may have a white coating on the tongue form milk that can be easily removed. Oral candidiasis coating is not easily removed (p. 24).

47. What age is Freud's oral stage?

Birth-1 year

1-3 years

3-5 years

5-12 years

12-20 years

Freud's psychosocial/psychosexual oral stage occurs in infancy from birth to 1 year (p. 34).

Explanation

Freud's psychosocial/psychosexual oral stage occurs in infancy from birth to 1 year (p. 34).

48. The sensorimotor stage is by which theorist?

Freud

Erikson

Piaget

None of the above

The sensorimotor period for an infant (Piaget) is characterized by: Initial reflexes replaced by voluntary movements that are self-centered on having needs met (p. 35).

Explanation

The sensorimotor period for an infant (Piaget) is characterized by: Initial reflexes replaced by voluntary movements that are self-centered on having needs met (p. 35).

49. Placing the infant on the back for sleep prevents risk of _____

Suffocation

Falls

Bodily damage

All of the above

None of the above

Suffocation (Plastic bags should be avoided. A firm crib mattress should fit tight. Crib slats should be no further apart than 6 cm. No pillows should be allowed in the infant's crib, the infant should be placed on the back for sleep. The infant should never be left alone in the bath)

Falls (Rails should be up on the crib. Use restraints in infant seats. Place the infant seat on the ground or floor if used outside of the car, and do not leave it unattended or on elevated surfaces. Use safety gates across stairs).

Poisoning (Avoid exposing the infant to lead paint. Keep toxins and plants out of the infant's reach. Keep safety locks on cabinets with cleaners and other household chemicals. Keep poison control number near the phone. Keep medications in childproof containers).

Burns (Check temperature of bath water. Turn down the thermostat on the hot water heater. Make sure smoke detectors are working at all times. Elevate hot objects. Use sunscreen during the infant's exposure to the sun).

Motor vehicles (Use an approved rear-facing car seat in the back seat (away from air bags) to transport the infant. Infants should be in rear-facing car seats for the first year of life and until they weigh 9.1kg (20 lb). It is recommended to have the infant ride rear facing until he has reached the height and weight limit allowed by the manufacturers car seat).

Bodily damage (Keep sharp objects out of the infant's reach and turn diapers away from the infant).

Explanation

Suffocation (Plastic bags should be avoided. A firm crib mattress should fit tight. Crib slats should be no further apart than 6 cm. No pillows should be allowed in the infant's crib, the infant should be placed on the back for sleep. The infant should never be left alone in the bath)

Falls (Rails should be up on the crib. Use restraints in infant seats. Place the infant seat on the ground or floor if used outside of the car, and do not leave it unattended or on elevated surfaces. Use safety gates across stairs).

Poisoning (Avoid exposing the infant to lead paint. Keep toxins and plants out of the infant's reach. Keep safety locks on cabinets with cleaners and other household chemicals. Keep poison control number near the phone. Keep medications in childproof containers).

Burns (Check temperature of bath water. Turn down the thermostat on the hot water heater. Make sure smoke detectors are working at all times. Elevate hot objects. Use sunscreen during the infant's exposure to the sun).

Motor vehicles (Use an approved rear-facing car seat in the back seat (away from air bags) to transport the infant. Infants should be in rear-facing car seats for the first year of life and until they weigh 9.1kg (20 lb). It is recommended to have the infant ride rear facing until he has reached the height and weight limit allowed by the manufacturers car seat).

Bodily damage (Keep sharp objects out of the infant's reach and turn diapers away from the infant).

50. Which of the following is an appropriate play activity for infants birth to 3 months?

Large blocks, toys that pop apart, and push and pull toys

Watching educational TV and videos for children

Cloth books, large crayons and paper, push-and-pull toys, puzzles with large pieces

Visual and auditory stimuli

Noise-making objects and soft toys

INFANT
-Birth to 3 months: visual and auditory stimuli
-3 to 6 months: noise-making objects and soft toys
-6 to 9 months: teething toys and social interaction
-9 to 12 months: large blocks, toys that pop apart, and push and pull toys.

TODDLER
-1 to 3 years - cloth books, large crayons and paper, push-and-pull toys, riding a tricycle, tossing a ball, and puzzles with large pieces
-Watches educational TV and videos for children

PRESCHOOL
-Associative, imitative, and imaginative play
-Likes to draw, pain, ride tricycle, swim, jump, and run
-Watches educational television and videos

SCHOOL-AGE
-Games that can be played alone or with another person
-Team sports
-Playing a musical instrument
-Arts and crafts, collections

ADOLESCENT
-Sports
-School activities
-Quiet activities
-Peer interactions

p. 90

Explanation

INFANT
-Birth to 3 months: visual and auditory stimuli
-3 to 6 months: noise-making objects and soft toys
-6 to 9 months: teething toys and social interaction
-9 to 12 months: large blocks, toys that pop apart, and push and pull toys.

TODDLER
-1 to 3 years - cloth books, large crayons and paper, push-and-pull toys, riding a tricycle, tossing a ball, and puzzles with large pieces
-Watches educational TV and videos for children

PRESCHOOL
-Associative, imitative, and imaginative play
-Likes to draw, pain, ride tricycle, swim, jump, and run
-Watches educational television and videos

SCHOOL-AGE
-Games that can be played alone or with another person
-Team sports
-Playing a musical instrument
-Arts and crafts, collections

ADOLESCENT
-Sports
-School activities
-Quiet activities
-Peer interactions

p. 90

51. Oral medication takes how long to reach peak analgesic effect?

3-4 hours

1-2 hours

2-3 hours

None of the above

Oral medications take 1 to 2 hr to reach peak analgesic effect. Therefore, these medications are not suited for the child experiencing pain that requires rapid relief or pain that is fluctuating in nature (p. 114).

Explanation

Oral medications take 1 to 2 hr to reach peak analgesic effect. Therefore, these medications are not suited for the child experiencing pain that requires rapid relief or pain that is fluctuating in nature (p. 114).

52. Your infantile patient is breathing 20 breaths per minute, this is

Within normal limits

Abnormal, low

Abnormal, high

Normal infantile respirations are 23-50 breaths/minute (p. 19)

Explanation

Normal infantile respirations are 23-50 breaths/minute (p. 19)

53. The doctor orders a visual acuity test in a 1 year old child, the nurse should

Use a symbol chart to assess the visual acuity in this child

Use a snellen chart to assess the visual acuity in this child

All of the above

None of the above

Visual acuity may be difficult in children under 3 (p. 22).

Infants' visual acuity can be assessed by holding an object in front of the infant's eyes and checking if they are able to fix on the object and follow it (p. 22).

Explanation

Visual acuity may be difficult in children under 3 (p. 22).

Infants' visual acuity can be assessed by holding an object in front of the infant's eyes and checking if they are able to fix on the object and follow it (p. 22).

54. In which age group do permanent teeth erupt?

Birth-1 year

1-3 years

3-5 years

5-12 years

12-20 years

Permanent teeth erupt in the school-age child (5 to 12 years) (p. 65).

Explanation

Permanent teeth erupt in the school-age child (5 to 12 years) (p. 65).

55. What does the Denver Developmental Screening Test evaluate?

Language

Cognition

Fine motor development

Gross motor development

All of the above

Language, cognition, and fine and gross motor development can be screened using a standardized tool such as the Denver Developmental Screening Test - Revised (Denver II). Referrals for further evaluaton should not be based solely on results on one tool but a combination of data collected from psychosocial and medical history and a physical examination (p. 28).

Explanation

Language, cognition, and fine and gross motor development can be screened using a standardized tool such as the Denver Developmental Screening Test - Revised (Denver II). Referrals for further evaluaton should not be based solely on results on one tool but a combination of data collected from psychosocial and medical history and a physical examination (p. 28).

56. Which of the following should be part of the nutritional nursing assessment?

Physical appearance

Anthropometry measurement

Behavioral patterns

Activity level and tolerance

All of the above

Nursing assessment should include: Physical appearance, Anthropometry measurements (includes height/length, weight, and head and chest circumference), behavioral patterns, activity level and tolerance (p. 82).

Explanation

Nursing assessment should include: Physical appearance, Anthropometry measurements (includes height/length, weight, and head and chest circumference), behavioral patterns, activity level and tolerance (p. 82).

57. For an intradermal injection, insert needle at ______ degree angle.

5

10

15

20

25

Intradermal injection
-Insert needle at 15 degree angle, injecting medication to form a "bleb" or a small bubble just beneath the surface of the skin
-The intradermal site is the inside surface of the forearm, not the medial surface
-Common medications - local anesthesia, TB, and allergy testing
p. 101

Explanation

Intradermal injection
-Insert needle at 15 degree angle, injecting medication to form a "bleb" or a small bubble just beneath the surface of the skin
-The intradermal site is the inside surface of the forearm, not the medial surface
-Common medications - local anesthesia, TB, and allergy testing
p. 101

58. Which age group views themselves as invincible to bad outcomes?

Infant

Toddler

Preschooler

School-age

Adolescent

Adolescents may view themselves as invincible to bad outcomes of risk behaviors (p. 73).

Explanation

Adolescents may view themselves as invincible to bad outcomes of risk behaviors (p. 73).

59. Which of the following is not a nutrition-related nursing intervention?

Assess/monitor for signs and symptoms of altered nutrition

Provide child choice of nutritional snacks

Teach/reinforce breastfeeding techniques

All of the above

None of the above

Assess/monitor for signs and symptoms of altered nutrition, Teach/reinforce breastfeeding techniques, Determine dietary preferences of the child, Encourage frequent small meals/snacks, Provide child choice of nutritional snacks, Provide guidance for meal planning according to child's growth and developmental needs (p. 82).

Explanation

Assess/monitor for signs and symptoms of altered nutrition, Teach/reinforce breastfeeding techniques, Determine dietary preferences of the child, Encourage frequent small meals/snacks, Provide child choice of nutritional snacks, Provide guidance for meal planning according to child's growth and developmental needs (p. 82).

60. Who is the expert regarding the child's health condition, the child's usual behaviour in different situations, and the child's routine needs?

The nurse

The family

The primary care provider

None of the above

All of the above

Family-centered care includes the FAMILY as the expert regarding the child's health condition, the child's usual behaviour in different situations, and the child's routine needs (p. 2).

Explanation

Family-centered care includes the FAMILY as the expert regarding the child's health condition, the child's usual behaviour in different situations, and the child's routine needs (p. 2).

61. Which of the following describes associative play?

Child observing others

Organized playing in groups

Child playing alone

Children playing together without organization

Child observing others

Social Character of Play
-Onlooker: Child observing others
-Solitary: Child playing alone
-Parallel: Child playing independently, but among other children, which is characteristic of a toddler
-Associative: Children playing together without organization, which is characteristic f preschoolers
-Cooperative: Organized playing in groups, which is characteristic of the school-age child
(p. 89).

Explanation

Social Character of Play
-Onlooker: Child observing others
-Solitary: Child playing alone
-Parallel: Child playing independently, but among other children, which is characteristic of a toddler
-Associative: Children playing together without organization, which is characteristic f preschoolers
-Cooperative: Organized playing in groups, which is characteristic of the school-age child
(p. 89).

62. The infant displays assymetrical skin folds, this is

Normal

Abnormal

Skin folds should be symmetrical (p. 21).

Explanation

Skin folds should be symmetrical (p. 21).

63. True or False:Changes related to puberty appear in both males and females during the school-age period

True

False

Changes related to puberty begin to appear in females, which include budding of breasts, appearance of pubic hair, menarche in the school-age child (5 to 12 years). Changes related to puberty to appear in males, which include enlargement of testicles with changes in scrotum (such as increased looseness) and appearance in pubic hair in the school-age child (5 to 12 years) (p. 65).

Explanation

Changes related to puberty begin to appear in females, which include budding of breasts, appearance of pubic hair, menarche in the school-age child (5 to 12 years). Changes related to puberty to appear in males, which include enlargement of testicles with changes in scrotum (such as increased looseness) and appearance in pubic hair in the school-age child (5 to 12 years) (p. 65).

64. What is the normal pulse range for infantile patients?

60-100/min

100-150/min

120-160/min

140-180/min

170-200/min

Normal range for infantile pulse is 120-160/min (p. 19)

Explanation

Normal range for infantile pulse is 120-160/min (p. 19)

65. By when does the toddler's anterior fontanel close by?

3 months

6 months

12 months

18 months

24 months

The toddler's anterior fontanel closes by 18 months of age (p. 45).

Explanation

The toddler's anterior fontanel closes by 18 months of age (p. 45).

66. True or False:The school-age child will gain 4.4 to 8.8 lb per year

True

False

The school-age child will gain 2 to 4 kg (4.4 to 8.8 lb) per year (p. 64).

Explanation

The school-age child will gain 2 to 4 kg (4.4 to 8.8 lb) per year (p. 64).

67. Which of the following corresponds with skill content of play?

Demonstrating new abilities

Taking pleasure in relationships

Objects in the environment catching the child's attention

Focusing attention on something of interest

None of the above

Content of play:
-Social-affective - taking pleasure in relationships.
-Sense-pleasure - objects in the environment catching the child's attention.
-Skill - demonstrating new abilities
-Unoccupied behavior - focusing attention on something of interest

(p. 89)

Explanation

Content of play:
-Social-affective - taking pleasure in relationships.
-Sense-pleasure - objects in the environment catching the child's attention.
-Skill - demonstrating new abilities
-Unoccupied behavior - focusing attention on something of interest

(p. 89)

68. Which of the following central venous access devices (VADs) is used for short- to moderate-length therapy?

Short-term catheters

PICCs

Tunneled catheters

Nontunneled catheters

Implanted infusion ports

-Short-term or nontunneled catheters are inserted into large veins and are used in acute care, emergency situations, and intensive care units.
-PICCs are used for short- to moderate-length therapy. PICCs are the least costly and have the fewest incidences of complications
-Long-term central VADs may be tunneled or implanted infusion ports
-If the child is to go home with the VAD, discharge instructions should include how to prepare and inject medication, flushing of the line, and dressing change procedures
p. 104

Explanation

-Short-term or nontunneled catheters are inserted into large veins and are used in acute care, emergency situations, and intensive care units.
-PICCs are used for short- to moderate-length therapy. PICCs are the least costly and have the fewest incidences of complications
-Long-term central VADs may be tunneled or implanted infusion ports
-If the child is to go home with the VAD, discharge instructions should include how to prepare and inject medication, flushing of the line, and dressing change procedures
p. 104

69. Which of the following is not included in promoting family-centered care?

Recognition and respect should be given to different methods of the child's coping

The nurse should perform a comprehensive family assessment to identify strengths and weaknesses

The nurse should pay close attention when a family states that the child "isn't acting right"

The child's opinions should be considered when providing care

None of the above

All of these are aspects of promoting family-centered care (p. 2)

Explanation

All of these are aspects of promoting family-centered care (p. 2)

70. A concerned mother asks the nurse when to expect the closing of the anterior fontanel. The nurses best response is

At 2 months of age

At 6 months of age

At 12 months of age

At 18 months of age

At 24 months of age

The anterior fontanel usually closes by 18 months (p. 21).

Explanation

The anterior fontanel usually closes by 18 months (p. 21).

71. True or False:Sinus arrhythmias that are associated with respirations are common.

True

False

Heart sounds - S1 and S2 heart sounds should be clear and crisp. Sinus arrhythmias that are associated with respirations are common. Physiologic splitting of S2 and S3 heart sounds are expected findings in children (p. 25).

Explanation

Heart sounds - S1 and S2 heart sounds should be clear and crisp. Sinus arrhythmias that are associated with respirations are common. Physiologic splitting of S2 and S3 heart sounds are expected findings in children (p. 25).

72. Which of the following is an appropriate nutritional need for an infant 4 to 6 months?

Yellow vegetables

Fruits

Iron-fortified cereal

Breast-milk or formula

Whole milk

Infants - birth to 1 year
-Birth to 1 year: Breast milk or formula
-4 to 6 months: Iron-fortified cereal, such as rice cereal
-6 to 8 months: Yellow vegetables, fruits
-8 to 10 months: Meat
Usually delayed until after 12 months: whole milk, eggs, strawberries, wheat,, corn, fish, and nut products (p. 81).

Explanation

Infants - birth to 1 year
-Birth to 1 year: Breast milk or formula
-4 to 6 months: Iron-fortified cereal, such as rice cereal
-6 to 8 months: Yellow vegetables, fruits
-8 to 10 months: Meat
Usually delayed until after 12 months: whole milk, eggs, strawberries, wheat,, corn, fish, and nut products (p. 81).

73. When using an interpreter, which of the following is true

Direct questions at the interpreter

Interject during patient-interpreter communication, as needed

If necessary, comment about the family to the interpreter

Ask several questions at a time to ensure time efficiency

None of the above

Direct the questions to the FAMILY, not the interpreter

DO NOT interrupt the interpreter and the family as they talk

REFRAIN from making comments about the family to the interpreter, as the family may understand some English

Use layman's terminology if possible, knowing that some words may not have an equivalent word in the child/family's language

As ONE question at a time

Allow time for the interpreter and the family to be introduced and become acquainted before starting the interview

Allow the interpreter to know the reason for, and type of questions, that will be asked; expect response (brief or detailed); and with whom to converse

Inquire about the child's father rather than the mother's husband when asking questions about pregnancy, marriage, and/or sex

Do not try to interpret answers

(p. 14)

Explanation

Direct the questions to the FAMILY, not the interpreter

DO NOT interrupt the interpreter and the family as they talk

REFRAIN from making comments about the family to the interpreter, as the family may understand some English

Use layman's terminology if possible, knowing that some words may not have an equivalent word in the child/family's language

As ONE question at a time

Allow time for the interpreter and the family to be introduced and become acquainted before starting the interview

Allow the interpreter to know the reason for, and type of questions, that will be asked; expect response (brief or detailed); and with whom to converse

Inquire about the child's father rather than the mother's husband when asking questions about pregnancy, marriage, and/or sex

Do not try to interpret answers

(p. 14)

74. The posterior fontanel usually closes by

1 month

2-3 months

5-6 months

18-24 months

None of the above

The posterior fontanel usually closes by 2 to 3 months (p. 21).

Explanation

The posterior fontanel usually closes by 2 to 3 months (p. 21).

75. At what age does Erikson's autonomy vs. shame occur?

Birth-1 year

1-3 years

3-5 years

5-12 years

12-20 years

Erikson's psychosocial stage stage of autonomy vs. shame occurs in the toddler years (12 months to 3 years) (p. 45).

Explanation

Erikson's psychosocial stage stage of autonomy vs. shame occurs in the toddler years (12 months to 3 years) (p. 45).

76. Children develop gender identity by which age?

1 year

3 years

5 years

7 years

None of the above

Toddlers develop gender identity by age 3 (p. 46).

Explanation

Toddlers develop gender identity by age 3 (p. 46).

77. Toilet training can begin when...

The child turns 1 year old

When parents feel their child is ready

When the child has the sensation of needing to urinate or defecate

All of the above

None of the above

Toilet training can begin when it is recognized that the child has the SENSATION OF NEEDING TO URINATE OR DEFECATE. Parents should demonstrate patience and consistency in toilet training their child. Nighttime control may develop last of all (p. 47).

Explanation

Toilet training can begin when it is recognized that the child has the SENSATION OF NEEDING TO URINATE OR DEFECATE. Parents should demonstrate patience and consistency in toilet training their child. Nighttime control may develop last of all (p. 47).

78. Social-affective content of play...

Objects in the environment catching the child's attention

Taking pleasure in relationships

Demonstrating new abilities

Focusing attention on something of interest

None of the above

Content of play:
-Social-affective - taking pleasure in relationships.
-Sense-pleasure - objects in the environment catching the child's attention.
-Skill - demonstrating new abilities
-Unoccupied behavior - focusing attention on something of interest

(p. 89)

Explanation

Content of play:
-Social-affective - taking pleasure in relationships.
-Sense-pleasure - objects in the environment catching the child's attention.
-Skill - demonstrating new abilities
-Unoccupied behavior - focusing attention on something of interest

(p. 89)

79. True or False:
Sublingual/buccal/transmucosal analgesics are a very desirable form because they have a less first-pass effect than oral medications

True

False

Sublingual/buccal/transmucosal: These medications are a very desirable form because they have a less first-pass effect than oral medications. There are very few medications available in this form. Fentanyl citrate (Actiq) is a transmucosal product manufactured on a stick for children to suck on. It may be used for cancer breakthrough pain and for sedation prior to surgery and/or painful procedures (p. 114).

Explanation

Sublingual/buccal/transmucosal: These medications are a very desirable form because they have a less first-pass effect than oral medications. There are very few medications available in this form. Fentanyl citrate (Actiq) is a transmucosal product manufactured on a stick for children to suck on. It may be used for cancer breakthrough pain and for sedation prior to surgery and/or painful procedures (p. 114).

80. What tool is used to assess color vision?

Ishihara test

Snellen chart

Symbol test

All of the above

None of the above

Color vision should be assessed using the Ishihara color test (p. 22).

Explanation

Color vision should be assessed using the Ishihara color test (p. 22).

81. What is the typical age for Erikson's industry vs. inferiority?

Birth-1 year

1-3 years

3-5 years

5-12 years

12-20 years

Erikson's psyschosocial stage of industry vs. inferiority occurs in the school-age child (5-12 years) (p. 64).

Explanation

Erikson's psyschosocial stage of industry vs. inferiority occurs in the school-age child (5-12 years) (p. 64).

82. Which of the following cognitive stages occurs between 12 to 20 years of age?

Concrete operations

Formal operations

Sensorimotor

Preoperational

Sensorimotor transition to preoperational

Piaget's cognitive stage of FORMAL OPERATIONS occurs in the adolescent (12 to 20 years) (p. 72).

Explanation

Piaget's cognitive stage of FORMAL OPERATIONS occurs in the adolescent (12 to 20 years) (p. 72).

83. True or False:The foreskin of the penis may not be retractable in infants and small children.

True

False

P. 28

Explanation

P. 28

84. Which of the following is composed of a child or children that have been placed in an approved living environment away from the family of origin - usually with one or two parents?

Extended family

Blended family

Same-sex family

Single-parent family

None of the above

A foster family is composed of a child or children that have been placed in an approved living environment away from the family of origin - usually with one or two parents (p. 2)

Explanation

A foster family is composed of a child or children that have been placed in an approved living environment away from the family of origin - usually with one or two parents (p. 2)

85. True or False: It is more difficult to hear breath sounds in infants than adults

True

False

In infants breath sounds are harsher and easier to hear than in adults; harder to differentiate between upper versus lower respiratory sounds (p. 25).

Explanation

In infants breath sounds are harsher and easier to hear than in adults; harder to differentiate between upper versus lower respiratory sounds (p. 25).

86. Which of the following is an appropriate activity for infants 3 to 6 months?

Puzzles with large pieces, tossing a ball, push-and-pull toys, cloth books

Large blocks, toys that pop apart, and push and pull toys

Noise-making objects and soft toys

Visual and auditory stimuli

Peer interaction

INFANT
-Birth to 3 months: visual and auditory stimuli
-3 to 6 months: noise-making objects and soft toys
-6 to 9 months: teething toys and social interaction
-9 to 12 months: large blocks, toys that pop apart, and push and pull toys.

TODDLER
-1 to 3 years - cloth books, large crayons and paper, push-and-pull toys, riding a tricycle, tossing a ball, and puzzles with large pieces
-Watches educational TV and videos for children

PRESCHOOL
-Associative, imitative, and imaginative play
-Likes to draw, pain, ride tricycle, swim, jump, and run
-Watches educational television and videos

SCHOOL-AGE
-Games that can be played alone or with another person
-Team sports
-Playing a musical instrument
-Arts and crafts, collections

ADOLESCENT
-Sports
-School activities
-Quiet activities
-Peer interactions

p. 90

Explanation

INFANT
-Birth to 3 months: visual and auditory stimuli
-3 to 6 months: noise-making objects and soft toys
-6 to 9 months: teething toys and social interaction
-9 to 12 months: large blocks, toys that pop apart, and push and pull toys.

TODDLER
-1 to 3 years - cloth books, large crayons and paper, push-and-pull toys, riding a tricycle, tossing a ball, and puzzles with large pieces
-Watches educational TV and videos for children

PRESCHOOL
-Associative, imitative, and imaginative play
-Likes to draw, pain, ride tricycle, swim, jump, and run
-Watches educational television and videos

SCHOOL-AGE
-Games that can be played alone or with another person
-Team sports
-Playing a musical instrument
-Arts and crafts, collections

ADOLESCENT
-Sports
-School activities
-Quiet activities
-Peer interactions

p. 90

87. True or False: When a cultural value/behaviour is a direct hindrance to the child's health/wellness, the nurse should attempt to repattern that belief to one that is compatible with health promotion

True

False

When a cultural value or behavior directly hinders a child's health or wellness, it is important for the nurse to attempt to repattern that belief to one that promotes health. This is because the nurse's role is to advocate for the child's well-being and ensure they receive the best possible care. By addressing and challenging cultural values or behaviors that may be detrimental to the child's health, the nurse can help promote positive changes and improve the child's overall well-being.

Explanation

When a cultural value or behavior directly hinders a child's health or wellness, it is important for the nurse to attempt to repattern that belief to one that promotes health. This is because the nurse's role is to advocate for the child's well-being and ensure they receive the best possible care. By addressing and challenging cultural values or behaviors that may be detrimental to the child's health, the nurse can help promote positive changes and improve the child's overall well-being.

88. What is the one group that should be constant in a child's life?

Healthcare Professionals

Family

Peers

A and B

B and C

The family is the one group that should be constant in a child's life (p. 1)

Explanation

The family is the one group that should be constant in a child's life (p. 1)

89. Which of the following is true?

CN VIII is the glossopharyngeal nerve

CN IX is the spinal accessory nerve

CN X is the vagus nerve

CN XI is the hypoglossal nerve

CN XII is the trigeminal nerve

CN VIII - Acoustic
CN IX - Glossopharyngeal
CN X - Vagus
CN XI - Spinal accessory
CN XII - Hypoglossal
(p. 27)

Explanation

CN VIII - Acoustic
CN IX - Glossopharyngeal
CN X - Vagus
CN XI - Spinal accessory
CN XII - Hypoglossal
(p. 27)

90. True or False:The right testicle hands slightly lower than the right

True

False

The left testicle hands slighter lower than the right (p. 28).

Explanation

The left testicle hands slighter lower than the right (p. 28).

91. Which of the following fine motors occurs last?

Bangs two toys together

Rakes finger foods with hands

Brings hands together

Uses thumb-finger to grasp items

Can nest one object inside another

The ability to nest one object inside another requires more advanced fine motor skills compared to the other options. This skill involves precise coordination and control of hand movements to manipulate objects in a specific way. In contrast, the other options involve simpler actions such as banging toys together, raking finger foods, bringing hands together, and using the thumb-finger to grasp items.

Explanation

The ability to nest one object inside another requires more advanced fine motor skills compared to the other options. This skill involves precise coordination and control of hand movements to manipulate objects in a specific way. In contrast, the other options involve simpler actions such as banging toys together, raking finger foods, bringing hands together, and using the thumb-finger to grasp items.

92. Which age group is able to think abstractly?

Preschool

Adolescent

School-age

Toddler

Infant

Abstract thought is possible, and adolescents can deal with principles (p. 73).

Explanation

Abstract thought is possible, and adolescents can deal with principles (p. 73).

93. True or False:
A continuous subcutaneous route is used if oral/IV routes are not accessible, although this route is not as effective as continuous IV infusions

True

False

A continuous subcutaneous route is used if oral/iv routes are not accessible [for analgesia]. This route is just as effective as continuous IV infusion (p. 115).

Explanation

A continuous subcutaneous route is used if oral/iv routes are not accessible [for analgesia]. This route is just as effective as continuous IV infusion (p. 115).

94. Which of the following is not a likely cause of injury in toddlers?

Drowning

Falls

Suffocation

Poisoning

None of the above

DROWNING - Do not leave the toddler unattended in the bathtub. Keep toilet lids closed. Closely supervise the child at the pool or any other body of water.

FALLS - Keep doors and windows locked. Keep crib mattress in the lowest position with the rails all the way up. Use safety gates across stairs.

SUFFOCATION - Keep toys with small parts out of reach. Make sure food items are cut into small pieces and are without seeds, small bones, nuts, or popcorn. Remove drawstrings from jackets and other clothing.

POISONING - Avoid exposing the toddler to lead pain, elevate toxins and plants, place safety locks on cabinets with cleaners and other chemicals. Keep poison control number near the phone. Keep medications in childproof containers.

BURNS - Check temperature of bath water, turn down thermostat on hot water heater, have working smoke detectors at all times, turn pot handles toward the back of the stove, cover electrical outlets, and use sunscreen when outside.

MOTOR VEHICLES - Use an approved car seat in the back seat (away from air bags). The toddler should be in a rear-facing car seat until he weighs 9.1 kg (20 lb). It is recommended to keep the toddler rear facing until he has reached the height and weight limit allowed by the manufacturer of the car seat

BODILY DAMAGE - Keep sharp objects out of the toddler's reach

(p. 48).

Explanation

DROWNING - Do not leave the toddler unattended in the bathtub. Keep toilet lids closed. Closely supervise the child at the pool or any other body of water.

FALLS - Keep doors and windows locked. Keep crib mattress in the lowest position with the rails all the way up. Use safety gates across stairs.

SUFFOCATION - Keep toys with small parts out of reach. Make sure food items are cut into small pieces and are without seeds, small bones, nuts, or popcorn. Remove drawstrings from jackets and other clothing.

POISONING - Avoid exposing the toddler to lead pain, elevate toxins and plants, place safety locks on cabinets with cleaners and other chemicals. Keep poison control number near the phone. Keep medications in childproof containers.

BURNS - Check temperature of bath water, turn down thermostat on hot water heater, have working smoke detectors at all times, turn pot handles toward the back of the stove, cover electrical outlets, and use sunscreen when outside.

MOTOR VEHICLES - Use an approved car seat in the back seat (away from air bags). The toddler should be in a rear-facing car seat until he weighs 9.1 kg (20 lb). It is recommended to keep the toddler rear facing until he has reached the height and weight limit allowed by the manufacturer of the car seat

BODILY DAMAGE - Keep sharp objects out of the toddler's reach

(p. 48).

95. Which route is the preferred route for pain medication?

IM

IV

PO

SubQ

None of the above

Oral medication are preferred route due to their convenience, cost, and ability to maintain steady blood levels for pain medication administration (p. 114).

Explanation

Oral medication are preferred route due to their convenience, cost, and ability to maintain steady blood levels for pain medication administration (p. 114).

96. True or False:Testes descend one at a time

True

False

Testes should be descended bilaterally (1.5 to 2 cm in infants and children) (p. 28).

Explanation

Testes should be descended bilaterally (1.5 to 2 cm in infants and children) (p. 28).

97. The circumference of the infant's head increases ____ inch(es) per month for the first 6 months of life

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

The circumference of the infant's head increase 1.25 cm (0.5 in) per month for the first 6 months

Explanation

The circumference of the infant's head increase 1.25 cm (0.5 in) per month for the first 6 months

98. Which is true regarding gross motor skills?

The infant stands alone at 10 months

The infant holds head steady when sitting at 3 months

The infant rolls over at 1 month

The infant stands alone at 12 months

All of the above

The infant holds head up at 3 months. The infant rolls over at 5 to 6 months. The infant holds head steady when sitting at 6 months. The infant gets to sitting position alone and can pull up to standing position at 9 months. The infant stands holding on at 12 months. The infant stands alone at 12 months (p. 35).

Explanation

The infant holds head up at 3 months. The infant rolls over at 5 to 6 months. The infant holds head steady when sitting at 6 months. The infant gets to sitting position alone and can pull up to standing position at 9 months. The infant stands holding on at 12 months. The infant stands alone at 12 months (p. 35).

99. True or False:The toddler should not be given cow's milk because of immature digestive enzymes.

True

False

The toddler should be switched to 3 to 4 glasses of cow's milk a day, and serving sizes should be kept small to avoid overwhelming the toddler (p. 47).

Explanation

The toddler should be switched to 3 to 4 glasses of cow's milk a day, and serving sizes should be kept small to avoid overwhelming the toddler (p. 47).

100. Which of the following is not a concern of the adolescent?

Scoliosis

Homicide

Suicide

Substance abuse

None of the above

Health promotion and prevention among this age group includes scoliosis, substance abuse, homicide, suicide, motor vehicle crashes, sexual experimentation, sexually transmitted diseases, pregnancy, and injury (p. 75-76).

Explanation

Health promotion and prevention among this age group includes scoliosis, substance abuse, homicide, suicide, motor vehicle crashes, sexual experimentation, sexually transmitted diseases, pregnancy, and injury (p. 75-76).

101. Which of the following types of play is characteristic of the school-age child?

Cooperative

Onlooker

Parallel

Associative

Solitary

Social Character of Play
-Onlooker: Child observing others
-Solitary: Child playing alone
-Parallel: Child playing independently, but among other children, which is characteristic of a toddler
-Associative: Children playing together without organization, which is characteristic f preschoolers
-Cooperative: Organized playing in groups, which is characteristic of the school-age child
(p. 89).

Explanation

Social Character of Play
-Onlooker: Child observing others
-Solitary: Child playing alone
-Parallel: Child playing independently, but among other children, which is characteristic of a toddler
-Associative: Children playing together without organization, which is characteristic f preschoolers
-Cooperative: Organized playing in groups, which is characteristic of the school-age child
(p. 89).

102. Which of Erikson's stages occurs from age 3-5 years?

Trust vs. Mistrust

Autonomy vs. Shame

Initiative vs. Guilt

Industry vs. Inferiority

Identity vs. Role confusion

Erikson's psychosocial stage of initiative vs. guilt occurs in the preschooler (from age 3 to 5) (p. 54).

Explanation

Erikson's psychosocial stage of initiative vs. guilt occurs in the preschooler (from age 3 to 5) (p. 54).

103. Piaget's stage of concrete operations occurs in which age group?

Infant

Toddler

Preschooler

School-age child

Adolescent

Piaget's cognitive stage of concrete operations occurs in the school-age child (5 to 12 years) (p. 64).

Explanation

Piaget's cognitive stage of concrete operations occurs in the school-age child (5 to 12 years) (p. 64).

104. Which of Freud's psychosocial/psychosexual stages occurs in adolescence?

Genital

Oral

Phallic

Latency

Anal

Freud's psychosocial/psychosexual GENITAL stage occurs in the adolescent (12 to 20 years) (p. 72).

Explanation

Freud's psychosocial/psychosexual GENITAL stage occurs in the adolescent (12 to 20 years) (p. 72).

105. Place in order the sexual maturation sequence of males:a) Change in voiceb) Growth of axillary hairc) Increase in the size of the testesd) Rapid growth of genitaliae) Appearance of downy hair on upper lipf) Appearance of pubic hair

A, F, C, D, E, B

B, E, A, C, F, D

C, F, D, B, E, A

F, B, E, A, C, D

D, A, F, B, C, E

In males, sexual maturation occurs in the following order: Increase in the size of the testes, Appearance of pubic hair, Rapid growth of genitalia, Growth of axillary hair, Appearance of downy hair on upper lip, Change in voice (p. 73).

Explanation

In males, sexual maturation occurs in the following order: Increase in the size of the testes, Appearance of pubic hair, Rapid growth of genitalia, Growth of axillary hair, Appearance of downy hair on upper lip, Change in voice (p. 73).

106. True or False:Age-appropriate activities for toddlers include watching educational TV and videos for children?

True

False

INFANT
-Birth to 3 months: visual and auditory stimuli
-3 to 6 months: noise-making objects and soft toys
-6 to 9 months: teething toys and social interaction
-9 to 12 months: large blocks, toys that pop apart, and push and pull toys.

TODDLER
-1 to 3 years - cloth books, large crayons and paper, push-and-pull toys, riding a tricycle, tossing a ball, and puzzles with large pieces
-Watches educational TV and videos for children

PRESCHOOL
-Associative, imitative, and imaginative play
-Likes to draw, pain, ride tricycle, swim, jump, and run
-Watches educational television and videos

SCHOOL-AGE
-Games that can be played alone or with another person
-Team sports
-Playing a musical instrument
-Arts and crafts, collections

ADOLESCENT
-Sports
-School activities
-Quiet activities
-Peer interactions

p. 90

Explanation

INFANT
-Birth to 3 months: visual and auditory stimuli
-3 to 6 months: noise-making objects and soft toys
-6 to 9 months: teething toys and social interaction
-9 to 12 months: large blocks, toys that pop apart, and push and pull toys.

TODDLER
-1 to 3 years - cloth books, large crayons and paper, push-and-pull toys, riding a tricycle, tossing a ball, and puzzles with large pieces
-Watches educational TV and videos for children

PRESCHOOL
-Associative, imitative, and imaginative play
-Likes to draw, pain, ride tricycle, swim, jump, and run
-Watches educational television and videos

SCHOOL-AGE
-Games that can be played alone or with another person
-Team sports
-Playing a musical instrument
-Arts and crafts, collections

ADOLESCENT
-Sports
-School activities
-Quiet activities
-Peer interactions

p. 90

107. The effectiveness of IM pain medication is evaluated after how long?

60 minutes

30 minutes

15 minutes

45 minutes

None of the above

The effectiveness of treatment should be evaluated in a timely manner (e.g. 15 min after IV pain medication administration, 30 min after IM pain medication, 30 to 60 min after oral medication administration and nonpharmacologic therapies (p. 110).

Explanation

The effectiveness of treatment should be evaluated in a timely manner (e.g. 15 min after IV pain medication administration, 30 min after IM pain medication, 30 to 60 min after oral medication administration and nonpharmacologic therapies (p. 110).

108. Which of the following parenting styles involves Parents try to control their children's behaviours and attitudes through unquestioned rules and expectations?

Dictatorial or authoritative

Dictatorial or authoritarian

Permissive or authoritarian

Democratic or authoritative

Permissive or democratic

Dictatorial or authoritarian parenting styles is described as parents try to control their children's behaviours and attitudes through unquestioned rules and expectations. E.g. Children may not watch TV on school nights (p. 3)

Explanation

Dictatorial or authoritarian parenting styles is described as parents try to control their children's behaviours and attitudes through unquestioned rules and expectations. E.g. Children may not watch TV on school nights (p. 3)

109. Which of Piaget's cognitive stages occurs in the preschooler?

Sensorimotor

Sensorimotor transitions to preoperational

Preoperational

Concrete operations

Formal operations

Piaget's cognitive developmental preoperational stage occurs in the preschooler (3 to 5 years) (p. 54).

Explanation

Piaget's cognitive developmental preoperational stage occurs in the preschooler (3 to 5 years) (p. 54).

110. At which age should education regarding sexual development and the reproduction process begin?

Toddler

Preschooler

School-age

Adolescent

B, C, and D

Curiosity about sexuality should be addressed with education regarding sexual development and the reproduction process (p. 66).

Explanation

Curiosity about sexuality should be addressed with education regarding sexual development and the reproduction process (p. 66).

111. Which is appropriate play for preschool children?

Associative, imitative, and imaginative play

Drawing, painting, riding tricycle, swimming, jumping, and running

Watching educational television and videos

All of the above

None of the above

Preschool
-Associative, imitative, and imaginative play
-Likes to draw, pain, ride tricycle, swim, jump, and run
-Watches educational television and videos
p. 90

Explanation

Preschool
-Associative, imitative, and imaginative play
-Likes to draw, pain, ride tricycle, swim, jump, and run
-Watches educational television and videos
p. 90

112. At what age does Piaget estimate that sensorimotor transitions to preoperational?

Birth-1 year

1-3 years

3-5 years

5-12 years

12-20 years

Piaget's cognitive development of sensorimotor transitioning to preoperational occurs in the toddler years (12 months-3 years) (p. 45).

Explanation

Piaget's cognitive development of sensorimotor transitioning to preoperational occurs in the toddler years (12 months-3 years) (p. 45).

113. In the school-age child, a sense of industry is achieved through achievements in _____

Business

Learning

Family

Socializing

All of the above

A sense of industry is achieved through achievements in learning (p. 65).

Explanation

A sense of industry is achieved through achievements in learning (p. 65).

114. By the end of which stage is the child eating adult proportions of food?

Toddler

Preschool

School-age

Adolescent

None of the above

By the end of the school-age years, the child is eating an adult proportion of food. He needs quality nutritious snacks (p. 66).

Explanation

By the end of the school-age years, the child is eating an adult proportion of food. He needs quality nutritious snacks (p. 66).

115. Which of the following does not apply to school-age children?

Nutritional needs of the school-age child are dependent upon height

A school-age child requires a balanced diet

A school-age child likes to be included in meal planning and preparation

All of the above

None of the above

Nutritional needs of the school-age child (5 to 12 years) are dependent on ACTIVITY level. A school-age child requires a balanced diet. A school-age child also likes to be included in meal planning and preparation (p. 81).

Explanation

Nutritional needs of the school-age child (5 to 12 years) are dependent on ACTIVITY level. A school-age child requires a balanced diet. A school-age child also likes to be included in meal planning and preparation (p. 81).

116. Which of the following IM sites should not be used in infants/children with underdeveloped muscles?

Ventrogluteal

Vastus lateralis

Deltoid

All of the above

None of the above

The deltoid should not be used in infants/children with underdeveloped muscles for IM injections (p. 103).

Explanation

The deltoid should not be used in infants/children with underdeveloped muscles for IM injections (p. 103).

117. Which of the following is composed of one parent and one or more children?

Nuclear family

Extended family

Blended family

Foster family

None of the above

Single-parent families are composed of one parent and one or more children (p. 2)

Explanation

Single-parent families are composed of one parent and one or more children (p. 2)

118. The maximum volume tolerated in the deltoid is

1 mL

0.5 mL

3 mL

2 mL

1.5 mL

The deltoid can accommodate 0.5 mL for infants to 1.0 mL for children (p. 103).

Explanation

The deltoid can accommodate 0.5 mL for infants to 1.0 mL for children (p. 103).

119. True or False: Extraocular movements must be symmetrical in children of all ages

True

False

Extraocular movements may not be symmetrical in newborns (p. 22).

Explanation

Extraocular movements may not be symmetrical in newborns (p. 22).

120. What age is Piaget's sensorimotor stage?

Birth-1 year

1-3 years

3-5 years

5-12 years

12-20 years

Piaget's cognitive sensorimotor stage occurs in infancy from birth to 1 year (p. 34).

Explanation

Piaget's cognitive sensorimotor stage occurs in infancy from birth to 1 year (p. 34).

121. When does the infant's posterior fontanel close?

1-2 months

2-3 months

3-4 months

4-5 months

None of the above

The infant's posterior fontanel closes at 2 to 3 months of age (p. 34).

Explanation

The infant's posterior fontanel closes at 2 to 3 months of age (p. 34).

122. In which group does the following statement most apply, "I'll help you if you help me"?

Infant

Toddler

Preschooler

School-age

Adolescent

Early on, the school-age child may not understand the reasoning behind many rules and may try to find ways around them. Instrumental exchange is in place - "I'll help you if you help me." The child is out to make the best deal, and she does not really consider elements of loyalty, gratitude, or justice as she makes her decisions (p. 65).

Explanation

Early on, the school-age child may not understand the reasoning behind many rules and may try to find ways around them. Instrumental exchange is in place - "I'll help you if you help me." The child is out to make the best deal, and she does not really consider elements of loyalty, gratitude, or justice as she makes her decisions (p. 65).

123. Which of the following of Erikson's stages occurs in the adolescent?

Industry vs. Inferiority

Autonomy vs. Shame

Trust vs. Mistrust

Initiative vs. Guilt

None of the above

IDENTITY vs ROLE CONFUSION occurs in the adolescent (12 to 20 years) (p. 72).

Explanation

IDENTITY vs ROLE CONFUSION occurs in the adolescent (12 to 20 years) (p. 72).

124. Which is true of cranial nerve I?

Is difficult to test in infants

Is the olfactory nerve

Children/adolescents are tested by smelling through each nostril individually

All of the above

None of the above

Cranial nerve I is the olfactory nerve. It is difficult to test in infants. It identifies smells through each nostril individually (p. 27).

Explanation

Cranial nerve I is the olfactory nerve. It is difficult to test in infants. It identifies smells through each nostril individually (p. 27).

125. Which of the following fine motor skills occurs first?

Brings hands together

Grasp rattle

Looks for items that are dropped from view

Transfers an object from one hand to the other

Rakes finger foods with hand

First, the infant brings hands together. Second, the infant grasps the rattle. Third, the infant looks for items that are dropped from view. Fourth, the infant transfers an object from one hand to the other (6 months). Fifth, the infant rakes finger foods with hand (6 months). Sixth, the infant uses thumb-finger to grasp items (9 months). Seventh, the infant bangs two toys together (9 months). Eighth, the infant can nest one object inside another (12 months) (p. 35).

Explanation

First, the infant brings hands together. Second, the infant grasps the rattle. Third, the infant looks for items that are dropped from view. Fourth, the infant transfers an object from one hand to the other (6 months). Fifth, the infant rakes finger foods with hand (6 months). Sixth, the infant uses thumb-finger to grasp items (9 months). Seventh, the infant bangs two toys together (9 months). Eighth, the infant can nest one object inside another (12 months) (p. 35).

126. Developmental skills expected in a preschooler does not include

Alternating feet on stairs

Playing on playground equipment

Dressing without help

Drawing copies of shapes on paper

None of the above

Developmental skills typically acquired by the preschooler include: Alternating feet on stairs, Going up and down steps easily, Hopping, Walking heel-to-toe, Dressing without help, Drawing copies of shapes on paper, Drawing a more detailed stick figure, Playing on playground equipment (p. 55).

Explanation

Developmental skills typically acquired by the preschooler include: Alternating feet on stairs, Going up and down steps easily, Hopping, Walking heel-to-toe, Dressing without help, Drawing copies of shapes on paper, Drawing a more detailed stick figure, Playing on playground equipment (p. 55).

127. Which is true regarding preoperational thinking?

It has two phases: preconceptual and intutitive

Develops in preschoolers

Typically develops in children 3 to 5

All of the above

None of the above

Preschoolers (age 3-5) develop two phases of preoperational thinking, which include:
-Preconceptual thought (2 to 4 years) - Preschoolers make judgments based on visual appearances. Misconception in thinking during this stage include: artificialism (everything is made by humans), animism (inanimate objects are alive), imminent justice (a universal code exists that determines law and order).
-Intuitive thought (begins around age 4): Preschooler can classify information and become aware of cause-and-effet relationships

(p. 55).

Explanation

Preschoolers (age 3-5) develop two phases of preoperational thinking, which include:
-Preconceptual thought (2 to 4 years) - Preschoolers make judgments based on visual appearances. Misconception in thinking during this stage include: artificialism (everything is made by humans), animism (inanimate objects are alive), imminent justice (a universal code exists that determines law and order).
-Intuitive thought (begins around age 4): Preschooler can classify information and become aware of cause-and-effet relationships

(p. 55).

128. True or False:Visual acuity improves to 20/20 in preschool children

True

False

Visual acuity improves to 20/20 in the school-age child (5 to 12 years)

Explanation

Visual acuity improves to 20/20 in the school-age child (5 to 12 years)

129. Which of the following tends to be deficient in the adolescent?

Vitamin A

Iron

Calcium

Vitamin C

All of the above

Rapid growth and high metabolism require increases in quality nutrients. Nutrients that tend to be deficient during this stage of life are IRON, CALCIUM, and VITAMINS A and C (p. 74).

Explanation

Rapid growth and high metabolism require increases in quality nutrients. Nutrients that tend to be deficient during this stage of life are IRON, CALCIUM, and VITAMINS A and C (p. 74).

130. Which of these nutritional needs is delayed until after 12 months?

Whole milk

Eggs

Strawberries

All of the above

None of the above

Usually delayed until after 12 months: whole milk, eggs, strawberries, wheat, corn, fish, and nut products (p. 81).

Explanation

Usually delayed until after 12 months: whole milk, eggs, strawberries, wheat, corn, fish, and nut products (p. 81).

131. Which is not true regarding play?

Play is the work of children

Functions of play affect all areas of the child's development

Children express feelings and fears through play

Play is a means of protection from everyday stressors

None of the above

Play is the work of children. Children express feelings and fears through play. Functions of play affect all areas of the child's development. Play facilitates mastery of developmental stages and assist in problem solving. Socially acceptable behavior is learned through play. Play activities are specific to a child's stage of development. Play can be used to teach children. Play is a means of protection from everyday stressors (p. 88).

Explanation

Play is the work of children. Children express feelings and fears through play. Functions of play affect all areas of the child's development. Play facilitates mastery of developmental stages and assist in problem solving. Socially acceptable behavior is learned through play. Play activities are specific to a child's stage of development. Play can be used to teach children. Play is a means of protection from everyday stressors (p. 88).

132. Which of the following is not one of the guidelines for promoting healthy behaviour in children?

Validating the child's feelings

Setting realistic limits and expectations based on developmental tasks

Providing reinforcement for appropriate behaviour

Focusing on the child's behaviour when disciplining the child

None of the above

Guidelines for promoting healthy behaviour in children include:
Setting realistic limits and expectations based on developmental tasks
Validating the child's feelings
Providing reinforcement for appropriate behaviour
Focusing on the child's behaviour when disciplining the child
Explaining expectations to a child in a manner that the child can understand
(p. 3-4)

Explanation

Guidelines for promoting healthy behaviour in children include:
Setting realistic limits and expectations based on developmental tasks
Validating the child's feelings
Providing reinforcement for appropriate behaviour
Focusing on the child's behaviour when disciplining the child
Explaining expectations to a child in a manner that the child can understand
(p. 3-4)

133. Which of Freud's stages occurs in the toddler years (1-3 years)?

Phallic

Oral

Anal

Genital

Latency

Freud's psychosocial/psychosexual ANAL stage occurs in the toddler from 12 months-3 years (p. 45).

Explanation

Freud's psychosocial/psychosexual ANAL stage occurs in the toddler from 12 months-3 years (p. 45).

134. At 30 months, the toddler should weigh ____ times his birth weight

1.5

2

3

None of the above

At 30 months, the toddler should weigh 4 times his birth weight

Explanation

At 30 months, the toddler should weigh 4 times his birth weight

135. Which of the following is not a typical age-related concern for children 1-3 years (toddler)

Otitis media

Toilet training

Temper tantrums

Lower respiratory tract infections

None of the above

UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT infections and otitis media: Acetaminophen and cool mist vaporizers may be useful. Antibiotics or decongestants may be prescribed by a PCP.

Temper tantrums result when the toddler is frustrated with restrictions on independence. Providing consistent, age-appropriate expectations helps the toddler work through his frustrations.

Toilet training can begin when it is recognized that the child has the sensation of needing to urinate or defecate.

Discipline should be consistent with well-defined boundaries that are established to develop appropriate social behavior

(p. 47)

Explanation

UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT infections and otitis media: Acetaminophen and cool mist vaporizers may be useful. Antibiotics or decongestants may be prescribed by a PCP.

Temper tantrums result when the toddler is frustrated with restrictions on independence. Providing consistent, age-appropriate expectations helps the toddler work through his frustrations.

Toilet training can begin when it is recognized that the child has the sensation of needing to urinate or defecate.

Discipline should be consistent with well-defined boundaries that are established to develop appropriate social behavior

(p. 47)

136. The preschooler should grow _______ inches per year

1-2

2.5-3

3-4

5.5-6

None of the above

The preschooler should grow 6.2-7.5m (3.5 to 3 inches) per year (p. 54).

Explanation

The preschooler should grow 6.2-7.5m (3.5 to 3 inches) per year (p. 54).

137. Which of the following is the greatest factor that affects medication response in the pediatric client?

Decreased cardiac output

Organ system immaturity

Increased body surface area

All of the above

None of the above

Organ system immaturity is the greatest factor that affects medication response in the pediatric client (p. 99).

Explanation

Organ system immaturity is the greatest factor that affects medication response in the pediatric client (p. 99).

138. The ventrogluteal site can be used IM injections of children older than ____

2

4

6

8

None of the above

Ventrugluteal site can be used for children age 2 or older; has been used for infants in actual clinical practice. Not as painful as vastus lateralis. No important nerves or blood vessels (p. 103).

Explanation

Ventrugluteal site can be used for children age 2 or older; has been used for infants in actual clinical practice. Not as painful as vastus lateralis. No important nerves or blood vessels (p. 103).

139. The medication of choice for moderate to severe pain is which of the following?

Acetaminophen

Oxycodone

Hydromorphone

Fentanyl

Morphine

Opiods are acceptable for moderate to severe pain. The medication of choice is morphine, but oxycodone, hydromorphone, and fentanyl may also be used (p. 114).

Explanation

Opiods are acceptable for moderate to severe pain. The medication of choice is morphine, but oxycodone, hydromorphone, and fentanyl may also be used (p. 114).

140. Which of the following parenting styles involves parents that direct children's behaviours by setting rules and explaining the reason for each rule setting and also reinforce deviations from the rules?

Dictatorial or authoritative

Dictatorial or authoritarian

Democratic or authoritative

Permissive or laissez-faire

Permissive or democratic

Authoritative or democratic parenting styles are described as parents who direct children's behaviour by setting rules and explaining the reason for each rule setting. Parents also negatively reinforce deviation from the rules. E.g. Children may watch IV for an hour if their homework is complete. If homework is not complete and children are watching TV, then the privilege will be taken away from a specified time, because the children did not follow the rule (p. 3).

Explanation

Authoritative or democratic parenting styles are described as parents who direct children's behaviour by setting rules and explaining the reason for each rule setting. Parents also negatively reinforce deviation from the rules. E.g. Children may watch IV for an hour if their homework is complete. If homework is not complete and children are watching TV, then the privilege will be taken away from a specified time, because the children did not follow the rule (p. 3).

141. Which of the following is not true in the nutritional needs of preterm infants?

The infants require 50 to 60 kcal/kg per day (parenteral) or 75 kcal/kg per day if fed orally

Limit fruit juice to 4 to 6 oz/day

Needs are increased with illness

Breast milk is recommended

None of the above

Preterm infant (less than 37 weeks gestation) and small for gestational age (weighs less than 2,500 g).
-These infants require 50 to 60 kcal/kg per day (parenteral) or 75 kcal/kg per day if fed orally
-Breast milk is recommended
-Needs are increased with illness

In TODDLERS, limit fruit juice to 4 to 6 oz/day to sugar content

p. 81

Explanation

Preterm infant (less than 37 weeks gestation) and small for gestational age (weighs less than 2,500 g).
-These infants require 50 to 60 kcal/kg per day (parenteral) or 75 kcal/kg per day if fed orally
-Breast milk is recommended
-Needs are increased with illness

In TODDLERS, limit fruit juice to 4 to 6 oz/day to sugar content

p. 81

142. Which of the following describe play activities in infants 9 to 12 months?

Teething toys

Noise-making objects and soft toys

Push and pull toys, large crayons and paper, puzzles with large pieces

Large blocks, toys that pop apart, and push and pull toys

Watching educational TV and videos for children

INFANT
-Birth to 3 months: visual and auditory stimuli
-3 to 6 months: noise-making objects and soft toys
-6 to 9 months: teething toys and social interaction
-9 to 12 months: large blocks, toys that pop apart, and push and pull toys.

TODDLER
-1 to 3 years - cloth books, large crayons and paper, push-and-pull toys, riding a tricycle, tossing a ball, and puzzles with large pieces
-Watches educational TV and videos for children

PRESCHOOL
-Associative, imitative, and imaginative play
-Likes to draw, pain, ride tricycle, swim, jump, and run
-Watches educational television and videos

SCHOOL-AGE
-Games that can be played alone or with another person
-Team sports
-Playing a musical instrument
-Arts and crafts, collections

ADOLESCENT
-Sports
-School activities
-Quiet activities
-Peer interactions

p. 90

Explanation

INFANT
-Birth to 3 months: visual and auditory stimuli
-3 to 6 months: noise-making objects and soft toys
-6 to 9 months: teething toys and social interaction
-9 to 12 months: large blocks, toys that pop apart, and push and pull toys.

TODDLER
-1 to 3 years - cloth books, large crayons and paper, push-and-pull toys, riding a tricycle, tossing a ball, and puzzles with large pieces
-Watches educational TV and videos for children

PRESCHOOL
-Associative, imitative, and imaginative play
-Likes to draw, pain, ride tricycle, swim, jump, and run
-Watches educational television and videos

SCHOOL-AGE
-Games that can be played alone or with another person
-Team sports
-Playing a musical instrument
-Arts and crafts, collections

ADOLESCENT
-Sports
-School activities
-Quiet activities
-Peer interactions

p. 90

143. Which is an appropriate activity for preschool children?

Sports

Games that can be played alone or with another person

Arts and crafts, collections

Noise-making objects and soft toys

Drawing, painting, swimming, jumping

Preschool
-Associative, imitative, and imaginative play
-Likes to draw, pain, ride tricycle, swim, jump, and run
-Watches educational television and videos
p. 90

Explanation

Preschool
-Associative, imitative, and imaginative play
-Likes to draw, pain, ride tricycle, swim, jump, and run
-Watches educational television and videos
p. 90

144. The FACES scale is appropriate for which age group?

2 months to 7 years

1 to 5 years

3 years and older

7 years and older

None of the above

The FACES Scale is appropriate for children 3 years and older (p. 111)

Explanation

The FACES Scale is appropriate for children 3 years and older (p. 111)

145. Positive family relationships are characterized by parent-child...

Obedience and discipline

Obedience and respect

Obedience and warmth

Warmth and discipline

Warmth and respect

Positive family relationships are characterized by parent-child WARMTH and RESPECT (p. 1)

Explanation

Positive family relationships are characterized by parent-child WARMTH and RESPECT (p. 1)

146. Which of the following is composed of at least one parent, one or more children, and other individuals either related or not related?

Foster family

Extended family

Single-parent family

Blended family

None of the above

The extended family is composed of at least one parent, one or more children, and other individuals either related or not related (p. 2)

Explanation

The extended family is composed of at least one parent, one or more children, and other individuals either related or not related (p. 2)

147. Asymmetric tonic neck reflex is

Is expected between birth to 3 to 4 months

All of the above

None of the above

Assymetric tonic neck reflex (fencer position) is the extension o fthe arm and leg on the side when the head is turned to that side with flexion of the arm and leg of the opposite side. Expected age is birth to 3-4 months (p. 26).

Explanation

Assymetric tonic neck reflex (fencer position) is the extension o fthe arm and leg on the side when the head is turned to that side with flexion of the arm and leg of the opposite side. Expected age is birth to 3-4 months (p. 26).

148. Which of the following applies to children?

Reduced gastric acid production

Slower gastric emptying time

Reduced first-pass medication metabolism

All of the above

None of the above

Pharmacokinetic Factors Specific to Children:
-Reduced gastric acid production and slower gastric emptying time
-Reduced first-pass medication metabolism
-Increased absorption of topical medications (greater BSA and thinner skin)
-Lower blood pressure: liver and brain receive greater blood flow, kidneys less
-Higher body-water content (dilutes water-soluble medications)
-Decreased serum protein-binding sites (until age 1)
p. 98

Explanation

Pharmacokinetic Factors Specific to Children:
-Reduced gastric acid production and slower gastric emptying time
-Reduced first-pass medication metabolism
-Increased absorption of topical medications (greater BSA and thinner skin)
-Lower blood pressure: liver and brain receive greater blood flow, kidneys less
-Higher body-water content (dilutes water-soluble medications)
-Decreased serum protein-binding sites (until age 1)
p. 98

149. The expected range for infant temperature (axillary or rectal) is

38-39C

37.5-38.5C

36.5-37.5C

35-36C

36-38C

Infant temperature (axillary or rectal) 36.5-37.5C (97.7-99.5F) (p. 19)

Explanation

Infant temperature (axillary or rectal) 36.5-37.5C (97.7-99.5F) (p. 19)

150. Which if true about the rooting reflex?

Will grasp objects when palm is touched

Occurs from birth to 8 months

Is difficult to test

All of the above

None of the above

The rooting reflex is when the infant turns head to side when cheek of mouth is touched. Expected age is birth to 6 months (p. 26).

Explanation

The rooting reflex is when the infant turns head to side when cheek of mouth is touched. Expected age is birth to 6 months (p. 26).

151. Which of the following is not an expected achievement by the toddler

Development of steady gait

Jumping and standing on one foot for short periods

Undressing and feeding self

Drawing stick figures

Walking heel-to-toe

Developmental skills achieved by the toddle include:
-Development of steady gait
-Climbing stairs
-Jumping and standing on one foot for short periods
-Stacking blocks in increasingly high numbers
-Drawing stick figures
-Undressing and feeding self
-Toilet training

Walking heel-to-toe is an expected achievement of PRESCHOOLERS

Explanation

Developmental skills achieved by the toddle include:
-Development of steady gait
-Climbing stairs
-Jumping and standing on one foot for short periods
-Stacking blocks in increasingly high numbers
-Drawing stick figures
-Undressing and feeding self
-Toilet training

Walking heel-to-toe is an expected achievement of PRESCHOOLERS

152. Which of the following is an appropriate age-related play activity for the toddler?

Watches educational TV and videos for children

Cloth books, push-and-pull toys, puzzles with large pieces

Riding a tricycle, tossing a ball, large crayons and paper

All of the above

None of the above

Toddler
-1 to 3 years - cloth books, large crayons and paper, push-and-pull toys, riding a tricycle, tossing a ball, and puzzles with large pieces
-Watches educational TV and videos for children
p. 89

Explanation

Toddler
-1 to 3 years - cloth books, large crayons and paper, push-and-pull toys, riding a tricycle, tossing a ball, and puzzles with large pieces
-Watches educational TV and videos for children
p. 89

153. To reduce pain with the procedure, up to ____ mL of medication can be used for subcutaneous and intradermal medication?

1 mL

0.5 mL

2 mL

5 mL

3 mL

Strategies to decrease pain with the procedure include:
-Injecting small volumes of medication (up to 0.5 mL)

Explanation

Strategies to decrease pain with the procedure include:
-Injecting small volumes of medication (up to 0.5 mL)

154. Which age group has the following description in regards to level of understanding relating to hospitalization?
-Ability to understand cause and effect inhibited by concrete thinking
-Knows what illness feels like but does not understand the cause
-Limited ability to describe symptoms

Toddler

Infant

Preschooler

Adolescent

School-age

Hospitalization: Level of understanding for a preschooler
-Knows what illness feels like but does not understand the cause
-Limited ability to describe symptoms
-Has fears related to magical thinking
-Ability to understand cause and effect inhibited by concrete thinking
p. 123

Explanation

Hospitalization: Level of understanding for a preschooler
-Knows what illness feels like but does not understand the cause
-Limited ability to describe symptoms
-Has fears related to magical thinking
-Ability to understand cause and effect inhibited by concrete thinking
p. 123

155. True or False:A nurse must be aware that the child is a primary concern, the child's family is the priority concern in terms of care.

True

False

A nurse must be aware that while THE CHILD IS THE PRIORITY CONCERN, the child's family is also in need of care (p. 1)

Explanation

A nurse must be aware that while THE CHILD IS THE PRIORITY CONCERN, the child's family is also in need of care (p. 1)

156. Which is not true about fine motor skills?

First, the infant brings hands together

Second, the infant grasps a rattle

Third, the infant looks for items that are dropped from view

Fourth, the infant holds head up

None of the above

Holding the head up (at 3 months) is a GROSS motor skill. First, the infant brings hands together. Second, the infant grasps the rattle. Third, the infant looks for items that are dropped from view. Fourth, the infant transfers an object from one hand to the other (6 months). Fifth, the infant rakes finger foods with hand (6 months). Sixth, the infant uses thumb-finger to grasp items (9 months). Seventh, the infant bangs two toys together (9 months). Eighth, the infant can nest one object inside another (12 months) (p. 35).

Explanation

Holding the head up (at 3 months) is a GROSS motor skill. First, the infant brings hands together. Second, the infant grasps the rattle. Third, the infant looks for items that are dropped from view. Fourth, the infant transfers an object from one hand to the other (6 months). Fifth, the infant rakes finger foods with hand (6 months). Sixth, the infant uses thumb-finger to grasp items (9 months). Seventh, the infant bangs two toys together (9 months). Eighth, the infant can nest one object inside another (12 months) (p. 35).

157. Females reach _____ of their adult height by age 13

50%

95%

75%

60%

100%

Females reach 95% of their adult height by age 13. Hips widen throughout these years (p. 72).

Explanation

Females reach 95% of their adult height by age 13. Hips widen throughout these years (p. 72).

158. The FLACC scale is appropriate for which age group?

1 to 5 years

3 years and older

2 months to 7 years

7 years and older

None of the above

FLACC postoperative pain tool (Faces, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability) is appropriate for 2 months to 7 years (p. 111)

Explanation

FLACC postoperative pain tool (Faces, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability) is appropriate for 2 months to 7 years (p. 111)

159. Which of the following is a normal pulse for an infant?

115

145

165

All of the above

None of the above

Normal infantile pulse range is 120 to 160/min (p. 19)

Explanation

Normal infantile pulse range is 120 to 160/min (p. 19)

160. The normal respiratory rate range for children is

10-20/minute

15-25/minute

20-30/minute

25-35/minute

None of the above

Normal childhood respiratory rate ranges from 20-30 breaths/minute (p. 19).

Explanation

Normal childhood respiratory rate ranges from 20-30 breaths/minute (p. 19).

161. True or False:The school-age child will grow about 3 inches per year

True

False

The school-age child will grow about 5 cm (2 inches) per year

Explanation

The school-age child will grow about 5 cm (2 inches) per year

162. Which is is true in the nutritional needs of infants?

8 to 10 months: Eggs

Birth-1 year: Breast milk, formula, or whole milk

4 to 6 months: Wheat products

6 to 8 months: Yellow vegetables and fruits

None of the above

Infants - birth to 1 year
-Birth to 1 year: Breast milk or formula
-4 to 6 months: Iron-fortified cereal, such as rice cereal
-6 to 8 months: Yellow vegetables, fruits
-8 to 10 months: Meat
Usually delayed until after 12 months: whole milk, eggs, strawberries, wheat, corn, fish, and nut products (p. 81).

Explanation

Infants - birth to 1 year
-Birth to 1 year: Breast milk or formula
-4 to 6 months: Iron-fortified cereal, such as rice cereal
-6 to 8 months: Yellow vegetables, fruits
-8 to 10 months: Meat
Usually delayed until after 12 months: whole milk, eggs, strawberries, wheat, corn, fish, and nut products (p. 81).

163. Which of the following is the least costly and has the fewest incidences of complications?

Nontunneled catheters

Long-term ventral VADs

Tunneled or implanted infusion ports

PICCs

Short-term catheters

-Short-term or nontunneled catheters are inserted into large veins and are used in acute care, emergency situations, and intensive care units.
-PICCs are used for short- to moderate-length therapy. PICCs are the least costly and have the fewest incidences of complications
-Long-term central VADs may be tunneled or implanted infusion ports
-If the child is to go home with the VAD, discharge instructions should include how to prepare and inject medication, flushing of the line, and dressing change procedures
p. 104

Explanation

-Short-term or nontunneled catheters are inserted into large veins and are used in acute care, emergency situations, and intensive care units.
-PICCs are used for short- to moderate-length therapy. PICCs are the least costly and have the fewest incidences of complications
-Long-term central VADs may be tunneled or implanted infusion ports
-If the child is to go home with the VAD, discharge instructions should include how to prepare and inject medication, flushing of the line, and dressing change procedures
p. 104

164. The visual analog scale is appropriate for which age group?

Children 7 years are older

Children1 to 5 years

Children 2 months to 7 years

Children 3 years and older

None of the above

Visual analog scale (VAS) is appropriate for children 7 years and older (may be effective with children as young as 4.5 years) (p. 112)

Explanation

Visual analog scale (VAS) is appropriate for children 7 years and older (may be effective with children as young as 4.5 years) (p. 112)

165. Which is true regarding gross motor skills?

The infant holds head up at 5 months

The infant rolls over at 3 months

The infant holds heady when sitting at 8 months

The infant gets to sitting position alone and can pull up to standing position at 9 months

The infant stands holding on at 10 months

The infant holds head up at 3 months. The infant rolls over at 5 to 6 months. The infant holds head steady when sitting at 6 months. The infant gets to sitting position alone and can pull up to standing position at 9 months. The infant stands holding on at 12 months. The infant stands alone at 12 months (p. 35).

Explanation

The infant holds head up at 3 months. The infant rolls over at 5 to 6 months. The infant holds head steady when sitting at 6 months. The infant gets to sitting position alone and can pull up to standing position at 9 months. The infant stands holding on at 12 months. The infant stands alone at 12 months (p. 35).

166. Which of the following occurs second?

Uses thumb-finger to grasp items

Bangs two toys together

Looks for items that are dropped from view

Grasps rattle

Looks for items that are dropped from view

First, the infant brings hands together. Second, the infant grasps the rattle. Third, the infant looks for items that are dropped from view. Fourth, the infant transfers an object from one hand to the other (6 months). Fifth, the infant rakes finger foods with hand (6 months). Sixth, the infant uses thumb-finger to grasp items (9 months). Seventh, the infant bangs two toys together (9 months). Eighth, the infant can nest one object inside another (12 months) (p. 35).

Explanation

First, the infant brings hands together. Second, the infant grasps the rattle. Third, the infant looks for items that are dropped from view. Fourth, the infant transfers an object from one hand to the other (6 months). Fifth, the infant rakes finger foods with hand (6 months). Sixth, the infant uses thumb-finger to grasp items (9 months). Seventh, the infant bangs two toys together (9 months). Eighth, the infant can nest one object inside another (12 months) (p. 35).

167. Which of the following is an appropriate activity for school-age children?

Team sports

Quiet activities

Associative, imitative, and imaginative play

All of the above

None of the above

School-age
-Games that can be played alone or with another person
-Team sports
-Playing a musical instrument
-Arts and crafts, collection
p. 90

Explanation

School-age
-Games that can be played alone or with another person
-Team sports
-Playing a musical instrument
-Arts and crafts, collection
p. 90

168. Normal childhood range for temperature (oral) encompasses

36C

100F

38C

97F

All of the above

Normal childhood temperature (oral) is 36-38C (96.8-100.4F) (p. 19).

Explanation

Normal childhood temperature (oral) is 36-38C (96.8-100.4F) (p. 19).

169. The newly graduated nurse states, "Limp posture is expected in infants with extension of the extremities;" this statement is

True

False

When examining an infant's muscle tone and general appearance, limp posture is expected in infants with extension of the extremities (p. 20).

Explanation

When examining an infant's muscle tone and general appearance, limp posture is expected in infants with extension of the extremities (p. 20).

170. Which of the following is not true

CN III is the optic nerve

CN IV is the trochlear nerve

CN V is the trigeminal nerve

CN VI is the abducens nerve

CN VII is the facial nerve

CN III is OCULOMOTOR (p. 27).

Explanation

CN III is OCULOMOTOR (p. 27).

171. Which of the following is not a concern of preschoolers?

Otitis media

Accidents

Drowning

Suffocation

Poisoning

Health promotion/prevention for preschoolers (3-5 years): Otitis media (in general, becomes less prevalent as child grows), Accidents (continue to be prevalent during this age and include the risk of poisoning and drowning), Sleep disturbances (frequently occur during early childhood, and problems range from difficulties going to bed to night terrors), Drowning (do not leave the child unattended in the bathtub. Closely supervise the child at the pool or any other body of water), Poisoning (Avoid exposure to lead paoint, keep plants out of reach, place safety locks on cabinets with cleaners and other chemicals. Keep poison control number near the phone. Keep medications in childproof containers), Motor vehicles (Use approved car seat in the back seat) (p. 57).

Explanation

Health promotion/prevention for preschoolers (3-5 years): Otitis media (in general, becomes less prevalent as child grows), Accidents (continue to be prevalent during this age and include the risk of poisoning and drowning), Sleep disturbances (frequently occur during early childhood, and problems range from difficulties going to bed to night terrors), Drowning (do not leave the child unattended in the bathtub. Closely supervise the child at the pool or any other body of water), Poisoning (Avoid exposure to lead paoint, keep plants out of reach, place safety locks on cabinets with cleaners and other chemicals. Keep poison control number near the phone. Keep medications in childproof containers), Motor vehicles (Use approved car seat in the back seat) (p. 57).

172. At which age does solidification of body image occur?

Infant

Toddler

Preschooler

School-age

Adolescent

[School-age children] is the age at which solidification of body image occurs (p. 66).

Explanation

[School-age children] is the age at which solidification of body image occurs (p. 66).

173. Which is not true in toddlers' nutritional needs?

Limit fruit juice to 1-2 oz/day due to sugar content

Give the toddler small portions that are healthy

Toddlers do well with finger foods

They may temporarily become a "picky eater" and will require three meals and two snacks per day

None of the above

Toddlers (1 to 3 years). Toddlers do well with finger foods. They may temporarily become a "picky eater" and will require three meals and two snacks per day. Give the toddler small portions that are healthy. Limit fruit juice to 4 to 6 oz/day to sugar content (p. 81).

Explanation

Toddlers (1 to 3 years). Toddlers do well with finger foods. They may temporarily become a "picky eater" and will require three meals and two snacks per day. Give the toddler small portions that are healthy. Limit fruit juice to 4 to 6 oz/day to sugar content (p. 81).

174. Sense-pleasure content of play corresponds with

Demonstrating new abilities

Taking pleasure in relationships

Focusing attention on something of interest

Objects in the environment catching the child's attention

None of the above

Content of play:
-Social-affective - taking pleasure in relationships.
-Sense-pleasure - objects in the environment catching the child's attention.
-Skill - demonstrating new abilities
-Unoccupied behavior - focusing attention on something of interest

(p. 89)

Explanation

Content of play:
-Social-affective - taking pleasure in relationships.
-Sense-pleasure - objects in the environment catching the child's attention.
-Skill - demonstrating new abilities
-Unoccupied behavior - focusing attention on something of interest

(p. 89)

175. Applying a eutectic mixture of local anesthetics (lidocaine/prilocaine) (EMLA) in the form of a cream or disk a minimum of ___ minutes, preferably 2 to 2.5 hr, prior to injection is a suggestion to decrease pain with IM medication administration.

10 minutes

30 minutes

45 minutes

60 minutes

90 minutes

Suggestions to decrease pain with IM administration may include:
-Applying a eutectic mixture of local anesthetics (lidocaine/prilocaine) (EMLA) in the form of a cream or disk a minimum of 60 min, preferably 2 to 2.5 hr, prior to injection
-Changing needle if used to puncture the rubber top of a vial
-Using the smallest gauge possible
p. 102

Explanation

Suggestions to decrease pain with IM administration may include:
-Applying a eutectic mixture of local anesthetics (lidocaine/prilocaine) (EMLA) in the form of a cream or disk a minimum of 60 min, preferably 2 to 2.5 hr, prior to injection
-Changing needle if used to puncture the rubber top of a vial
-Using the smallest gauge possible
p. 102

176. Transdermal is appropriate for children older than...

5 years

12 years

3 years

15 years

None of the above

Transdermal fentanyl is appropriate for children older than 12 years. Transdermal fentanyl A is a patch that provides continuous pain control. Onset of transdermal fentanyl is 12 to 24 hours, with a duration of 72 hr. Additional medication should be ordered for breakthrough pain. Respiratory depression may need to be treated with a number of doses of naloxone (p. 115).

Explanation

Transdermal fentanyl is appropriate for children older than 12 years. Transdermal fentanyl A is a patch that provides continuous pain control. Onset of transdermal fentanyl is 12 to 24 hours, with a duration of 72 hr. Additional medication should be ordered for breakthrough pain. Respiratory depression may need to be treated with a number of doses of naloxone (p. 115).

177. Your adolescent patient has an oral temperature of 100.2F, this is

Within normal limits

Abnormal, low

Abnormal, high

Normal range for adolescent temperature (oral) is 3638C (96.8-100.4F) (p. 20).

Explanation

Normal range for adolescent temperature (oral) is 3638C (96.8-100.4F) (p. 20).

178. Which is not true of cranial nerve II

Is the trochlear nerve

Expected findings in infants involves tracking with eyes

Expected findings in adolescents/children involves intact visual acuity, peripheral and color vision

All of the above

None of the above

CN II is the optic nerve. Expected findings in infants: Looks at face and tracks with eyes. Expected findings in children/adolescents: Intact visual acuity, peripheral and color vision (p. 27).

Explanation

CN II is the optic nerve. Expected findings in infants: Looks at face and tracks with eyes. Expected findings in children/adolescents: Intact visual acuity, peripheral and color vision (p. 27).

179. The infant grows ____ inch(es) per month the last 6 months of the first year

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

The infant grows 2.5 cm (1 inch) per month the first 6 months, and then 1.25 (0.5 inch) per month the last 6 months (p. 35).

Explanation

The infant grows 2.5 cm (1 inch) per month the first 6 months, and then 1.25 (0.5 inch) per month the last 6 months (p. 35).

180. Which of the following occurs first during an infant's psychosocial development?

Plays pat-a-cake

Regards faces

Smiles in response to others

Works to reach toys

Feeds self by eating self finger foods

The sequence of innfant's psychosocial development is as follows 1) Regards faces 2) Smiles in response to others 3) Regards own hands 4) Works to reach toys 5) Feeds self by eating self finger foods 6) Waves goodbye 7) Plays pat-a-cake 8) Drinks from a cup with handles (p. 36).

Explanation

The sequence of innfant's psychosocial development is as follows 1) Regards faces 2) Smiles in response to others 3) Regards own hands 4) Works to reach toys 5) Feeds self by eating self finger foods 6) Waves goodbye 7) Plays pat-a-cake 8) Drinks from a cup with handles (p. 36).

181. The adolescent requires how many kcal/day?

1500-2500 kcal/day

2000-3000 kcal/day

2500-3500 kcal/day

3000-4000 kcal/day

None of the above

The adolescent requires 2000-3000 kcal/day (p. 81).

Explanation

The adolescent requires 2000-3000 kcal/day (p. 81).

182. Which of the following accurately describes separation anxiety?

There are four behavioral responses

Protest, which may be expressed as crying

Despair which may expressed as lack of protest when parents leave

Detachment/denial, which may be expressed as being withdrawn and quiet

All of the above

Separation anxiety manifests in THREE behavioral responses: protest, which may be expressed as crying; despair, which may be expressed as being withdrawn and quiet; and detachment/denial, which may be expressed as lack of protest when parents leave (p. 122).

Explanation

Separation anxiety manifests in THREE behavioral responses: protest, which may be expressed as crying; despair, which may be expressed as being withdrawn and quiet; and detachment/denial, which may be expressed as lack of protest when parents leave (p. 122).

183. Which pulse is not palpable, full, and localized in infants

Pedal

Brachial

Temporal

Femoral

None of the above

In infants, brachial, temporal, and femoral pulses should be palpable, full, and localized. Pedal pulses will be fainter and more difficult to palpate. Apical pulse may not be palpable (p. 25).

Explanation

In infants, brachial, temporal, and femoral pulses should be palpable, full, and localized. Pedal pulses will be fainter and more difficult to palpate. Apical pulse may not be palpable (p. 25).

184. Which is not true about hyperbilirubinemia?

Occurs in newborns

Is commonly caused by immaturity of the spleen

Is observed as jaundice

All of the above

None of the above

Hyperbilirubinemia (newborns) is commonly caused by immaturity of the LIVER and is observed as jaundice. Bilirubin levels are assessed, and if elevated, are treated with phototherapy. If left untreated, hyperbilirubinemia can cause brain damage (p. 37).

Explanation

Hyperbilirubinemia (newborns) is commonly caused by immaturity of the LIVER and is observed as jaundice. Bilirubin levels are assessed, and if elevated, are treated with phototherapy. If left untreated, hyperbilirubinemia can cause brain damage (p. 37).

185. The normal infantile range for respirations is

23-50 breaths/minute

31-55 breaths/minute

43-63 breaths/minute

25-65 breaths/minute

None of the above

Normal infantile respirations range from 23 to 50 breaths/minute (p. 19)

Explanation

Normal infantile respirations range from 23 to 50 breaths/minute (p. 19)

186. True or False:The normal range for adolescent respirations is 15-20 breaths per minute

True

False

The normal range for respirations in an adolescent patient population is 16 to 19 breaths per minute (p. 20)

Explanation

The normal range for respirations in an adolescent patient population is 16 to 19 breaths per minute (p. 20)

187. The infant grows ____ inch(es) per month the first 6 months of life

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

The infant grows 2.5 cm (1 inch) per month the first 6 months, and then 1.25 (0.5 inch) per month the last 6 months (p. 35).

Explanation

The infant grows 2.5 cm (1 inch) per month the first 6 months, and then 1.25 (0.5 inch) per month the last 6 months (p. 35).

188. Which of the following corresponds with unoccupied behavior content of play?

Demonstrating new abilities

Objects in the environment catching the child's attention

Focusing attention on something of interest

Taking pleasure in relationships

None of the above

Content of play:
-Social-affective - taking pleasure in relationships.
-Sense-pleasure - objects in the environment catching the child's attention.
-Skill - demonstrating new abilities
-Unoccupied behavior - focusing attention on something of interest

(p. 89)

Explanation

Content of play:
-Social-affective - taking pleasure in relationships.
-Sense-pleasure - objects in the environment catching the child's attention.
-Skill - demonstrating new abilities
-Unoccupied behavior - focusing attention on something of interest

(p. 89)

189. Which IM site can accommodate 0.5 mL for infants to 2.0 mL for children?

Vastus Lateralis

Deltoid

Ventrogluteal

A and B

A and C

Both the vastus lateralis and ventrogluteal site can accommodate 0.5 mL for infants to 2.0 mL for children IM injections (p. 103).

Explanation

Both the vastus lateralis and ventrogluteal site can accommodate 0.5 mL for infants to 2.0 mL for children IM injections (p. 103).

190. Self-report using pain scales is useful in children over what age?

3 years

7 years

9 years

5 years

None of the above

Self-report using pain scales is useful in children over 7. Children ages 3 to 7 may comprehend how to use a pain rating scale. However, their ability should be assessed. Verification with parents will validate assessment (p. 111).

Explanation

Self-report using pain scales is useful in children over 7. Children ages 3 to 7 may comprehend how to use a pain rating scale. However, their ability should be assessed. Verification with parents will validate assessment (p. 111).

191. Until which age does the hospitalized child experience separation anxiety?

Toddler

Preschooler

Infant

School-age

Adolescent

Infants experience stranger anxiety between 6 and 18 months of age. toddlers and preschoolers experience separation anxiety (p. 123)

Explanation

Infants experience stranger anxiety between 6 and 18 months of age. toddlers and preschoolers experience separation anxiety (p. 123)

192. The infant gains _____ lb per month the first 6 months of life

1 lb

1.5 lb

2 lb

2.5 lb

3 lb

The infant gains 0.7 kg (1.5 lb) per month the first 6 months, and 0.3 kg (0.75 lb) per month the last 6 months. The infant triples birth weight by the end of the first year (p. 35).

Explanation

The infant gains 0.7 kg (1.5 lb) per month the first 6 months, and 0.3 kg (0.75 lb) per month the last 6 months. The infant triples birth weight by the end of the first year (p. 35).

193. Which of Freud's stages does the preschooler experience?

Oral

Genital

Phallic

Anal

Latency

Freud's psychosocial/psychosexual PHALLIC stage occurs in the preschooler (3 to 5 years) (p. 54).

Explanation

Freud's psychosocial/psychosexual PHALLIC stage occurs in the preschooler (3 to 5 years) (p. 54).

194. True or False:A preschooler consumes about a third the amount of an adult

True

False

A preschooler consumes about HALF the amount of an adult (1,800 kcal) (p. 56).

Explanation

A preschooler consumes about HALF the amount of an adult (1,800 kcal) (p. 56).

195. When does the nurse needs to evaluate the effectiveness of PO pain medication?

30 minutes

60 minutes

15 minutes

45 minutes

None of the above

The effectiveness of treatment should be evaluated in a timely manner (e.g. 15 min after IV pain medication administration, 30 min after IM pain medication, 30 to 60 min after oral medication administration and nonpharmacologic therapies (p. 110).

Explanation

The effectiveness of treatment should be evaluated in a timely manner (e.g. 15 min after IV pain medication administration, 30 min after IM pain medication, 30 to 60 min after oral medication administration and nonpharmacologic therapies (p. 110).

196. True or False:
The patient is the only individual permitted to control the PCA.

True

False

PCA is used to control pain from cancer, perioperative procedures, trauma, and sickle-cell crisis. Morphine, fentanyl, and hydromorphone are commonly used. PCA can be controlled by the child, a family member, or the nurse (p. 115)

Explanation

PCA is used to control pain from cancer, perioperative procedures, trauma, and sickle-cell crisis. Morphine, fentanyl, and hydromorphone are commonly used. PCA can be controlled by the child, a family member, or the nurse (p. 115)

197. Which of Freud's stages occurs in the school-age child?

Anal

Phallic

Oral

Genital

Latency

Freud's psychosocial/psychosexual stage of latency occurs in the school-age child (5 to 12 years) (p. 64).

Explanation

Freud's psychosocial/psychosexual stage of latency occurs in the school-age child (5 to 12 years) (p. 64).

198. Children less than ____ years of age are safest in the back seat.

8

10

13

15

None of the above

Children less than 13 years of age are safest in the back seat (p. 68).

Explanation

Children less than 13 years of age are safest in the back seat (p. 68).

199. Family assessment does not include which of the following?

Genogram

Developmental tasks

Family stressors

Structure

None of the above

Family assessment includes: Genogram, Structure, Developmental tasks, Family functions/roles, Family stressors (p. 4)

Explanation

Family assessment includes: Genogram, Structure, Developmental tasks, Family functions/roles, Family stressors (p. 4)

200. Which describes the palmar grasp?

Legs flex, arms and hands extend when startled by loud noise

Toes will curl downward when sole of foot is touched

Turn head to side when cheek of mouth is touched

Is expected from birth to 3 months

None of the above

The palmar grasp is expected from birth to 4 months. The expected finding is that the infant will grasp object when palm is touched (p. 26).

Explanation

The palmar grasp is expected from birth to 4 months. The expected finding is that the infant will grasp object when palm is touched (p. 26).