Crack Mci Mock Test Pediatrics

Down's syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21. This extra genetic material disrupts the normal development and causes the characteristic physical and intellectual disabilities associated with Down's syndrome. Trisomy 21 is the most common form of Down's syndrome, accounting for about 95% of cases.

The Doll's eye phenomenon, also known as the Oculocephalic reflex, refers to the involuntary movement of the eyes in the opposite direction of head movement. This reflex is important for maintaining visual stability and is controlled by the brainstem. The term "Doll's eye" is used because the eye movement resembles the way a doll's eyes would move when the head is tilted or turned. The other options listed (Vagal reflex, Automatic reflex, and Vital reflex) do not accurately describe the specific eye movement seen in the Doll's eye phenomenon.

The lower central incisors are the first deciduous teeth to appear in a child's mouth. These teeth typically erupt between 6-10 months of age. They are located in the lower front part of the mouth and are important for biting and cutting food. The eruption of the lower central incisors is a normal developmental milestone in a child's oral health.

The correct answer is "First male babies." Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is a condition where the muscle in the lower part of the stomach thickens, causing blockage of food from entering the small intestine. It is more commonly found in first-born males, with a higher incidence rate compared to other groups. The exact reason for this is not fully understood, but it may be related to genetic or environmental factors.

Physiological Icterus usually appears on the third day and regress by the seventh day.

RSV stands for Respiratory Syncytial Virus, which is a common cause of bronchiolitis. Bronchiolitis is an infection that affects the small airways in the lungs, primarily in infants and young children. RSV is highly contagious and spreads through respiratory droplets. It can cause symptoms like coughing, wheezing, difficulty breathing, and fever. RSV is a leading cause of hospitalization in young children and can be especially severe in premature infants or those with underlying health conditions. Therefore, RSV is the correct answer as it is specifically associated with bronchiolitis.

By the age of 4 years, it is common for a child's height in inches and weight in pounds to be equal. This is because children experience rapid growth and development during their early years, and their weight tends to catch up with their height by this age. However, it is important to note that this may vary from child to child, as growth patterns can differ.

The correct sequence of changes in status asthmaticus is respiratory alkalosis, followed by respiratory acidosis, and then metabolic acidosis. This is because during an asthma attack, there is initially hyperventilation, leading to a decrease in carbon dioxide levels and respiratory alkalosis. As the attack worsens, the individual becomes fatigued and unable to maintain adequate ventilation, resulting in respiratory acidosis. Finally, prolonged respiratory acidosis can lead to compensatory metabolic acidosis due to the retention of carbon dioxide.

The Apgar score is a quick assessment of a newborn's health at 1 and 5 minutes after birth. It evaluates five factors: heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tone, reflex irritability, and color. Each factor is scored from 0 to 2, with a total score ranging from 0 to 10. Blood pressure is not included in the Apgar score.

Epiphyseal dysgenesis refers to the abnormal development of the epiphysis, which is the rounded end of a long bone. This condition is commonly seen in individuals with hypothyroidism, a disorder characterized by an underactive thyroid gland. The thyroid gland plays a crucial role in bone development and metabolism, and a deficiency in thyroid hormones can lead to impaired bone growth and development. Therefore, epiphyseal dysgenesis is considered a pathognomonic feature of hypothyroidism.

Recurrent respiratory infections can occur in various diseases, including bronchiectasis, atrial septal defect, and wheezy bronchitis. However, ventricular septal defect is not typically associated with recurrent respiratory infections. Ventricular septal defect is a congenital heart defect that involves a hole in the wall separating the two lower chambers of the heart. While it can cause symptoms such as shortness of breath and fatigue, it does not directly lead to recurrent respiratory infections.

not-available-via-ai

Roundworm infections are commonly associated with vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A plays a crucial role in maintaining the integrity of the immune system and protecting against various infections, including worm infections. Roundworms, also known as Ascaris, are one of the most common types of parasitic worms that infect humans. These worms can cause a range of symptoms, including abdominal pain, diarrhea, and malnutrition. Vitamin A deficiency weakens the immune system and makes individuals more susceptible to roundworm infections. Therefore, roundworm is the correct answer in this context.

Bacterial meningitis in a 9-month-old child is commonly caused by H. influenza. H. influenza, or Haemophilus influenzae, is a bacteria that can cause severe infections, including meningitis, especially in young children. It is one of the leading causes of bacterial meningitis in infants and young children. Other common causes of bacterial meningitis in this age group include Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) and Group B Streptococcus. However, in this case, H. influenza is the most likely cause based on the information given.

not-available-via-ai

Acute glomerulonephritis is the commonest cause of systemic hypertension in children. This condition occurs due to inflammation of the glomeruli in the kidneys, leading to impaired kidney function and increased blood pressure. The inflammation can be caused by various factors such as infections, autoimmune disorders, or certain medications. Hypertension is a common manifestation of acute glomerulonephritis and can be a result of fluid retention and increased renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activity. Coarctation of aorta, nephrotic syndrome, and lactic acidosis can also cause hypertension, but they are not as common in children as acute glomerulonephritis.

Steroids are useful in the treatment of minimal change type glomerulonephritis. Minimal change disease is a type of kidney disease that primarily affects children. It is characterized by minimal changes in the appearance of the kidney tissue under a microscope. Steroids, such as prednisone, are commonly used in the treatment of minimal change disease because they have been shown to be effective in reducing inflammation and proteinuria (excessive protein in the urine). Steroids help to suppress the immune response and reduce the abnormal immune activity that leads to kidney damage in minimal change disease.

Pyogenic meningitis is the correct answer because subdural effusion is a common complication of this condition. Pyogenic meningitis is an infection of the meninges, the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord, caused by bacteria. The infection can lead to the accumulation of fluid in the subdural space, resulting in subdural effusion. This can cause symptoms such as headache, fever, neck stiffness, and neurological deficits. Tuberculous meningitis, trauma, viral encephalitis, and polio encephalomyelitis may have other complications or manifestations, but they are not specifically associated with subdural effusion.

The correct answer is 1979. The United Nations International Children's Year was a global initiative aimed at promoting the welfare and rights of children. It was observed in 1979, with the goal of raising awareness about the challenges faced by children worldwide and advocating for their well-being. This initiative helped to highlight the importance of child rights and led to the adoption of the Convention on the Rights of the Child in 1989.

According to the United Nations State of World Population Report for 1992, the number of babies born every year is estimated to be 97 million. This statistic indicates the high global birth rate during that time period.