Anthropology 1102-012 Quiz 5

The explanation for the given correct answer is that in the comparative study conducted by Kottak, it was determined that culturally compatible development projects were twice as successful as incompatible ones. This means that when development projects took into consideration the cultural context and norms of the community they were implemented in, they had a higher rate of success compared to projects that did not consider these factors. This suggests that understanding and respecting the cultural aspects of a community is crucial for the success of development projects.

Applied anthropologists play various roles in their work, including identifying needs for change that local people perceive and working with them to design culturally appropriate and socially sensitive change. They also protect local people from harmful policies and projects that may threaten them and work as participant observers to understand local thought and behavior. However, placing the cultural values of the local people above everybody else's cultural values may not be a proper role for applied anthropologists. This is because it is important for anthropologists to consider and respect the cultural values of all stakeholders involved, not just those of the local people.

Underdifferentiation refers to the tendency to view less developed countries as more alike than they actually are. This can lead to oversimplification and generalization, ignoring the diversity and unique characteristics of each country. It can result in misunderstandings and stereotypes about these countries and their cultures.

Medical anthropology is a growing field that focuses on understanding the biocultural context and implications of disease and illness. It explores how cultural beliefs, practices, and social factors influence health and healthcare. It does not prove that people from rural areas only suffer from illnesses and not diseases, apply non-Western health knowledge to a troubled industrialized medical system, or solely apply Western medicine to solve global health problems. It also does not primarily conduct market research on health products.

Robert Redfield studied the differences between urban and rural communities. He recognized that a city is a social context that is very different from a tribal or peasant village.

Curer is the correct answer because the question asks for the world's oldest profession besides forager. While foraging is considered one of the oldest professions, curer refers to someone who practices traditional medicine or healing methods. This profession likely predates other professions such as soldier, prostitute, and chief, making it the oldest profession besides forager.

The commonly stated goal for most development projects is to achieve increased equity. This means that the projects aim to reduce inequalities and promote fairness in access to resources, opportunities, and benefits for all individuals and communities involved. By focusing on increasing equity, development projects seek to address social and economic disparities, improve living conditions, and ensure a more inclusive and just society.

Shamans and other magico-religious specialists are effective curers with regard to personalistic disease theory. This theory suggests that illnesses are caused by personal factors such as supernatural forces, spirits, or curses. In personalistic disease theory, the focus is on addressing these personal causes through rituals, ceremonies, and spiritual practices. Shamans and magico-religious specialists are believed to have the ability to communicate with the supernatural realm and manipulate these forces to heal the individual. Therefore, their effectiveness as curers aligns with the personalistic disease theory.

The correct answer is any use of the knowledge and/or techniques of the four subfields to identify, assess, and solve practical problems. This answer encompasses the broad scope of applied anthropology, which involves applying anthropological knowledge and techniques from all four subfields (archaeology, biological anthropology, linguistic anthropology, and sociocultural anthropology) to address and solve real-world problems. It does not limit the breadth of applied anthropology to specific areas such as forensics, biological anthropology, anthropology departments, armed forces, or nongovernmental organizations. Instead, it emphasizes the overarching goal of using anthropological knowledge and techniques to identify, assess, and solve practical problems in various contexts.

Vigil's study of gang violence in the context of large-scale immigrant adaptation to American cities best illustrates urban applied anthropologists' ability to help social groups deal with urban institutions. This study focuses on understanding the dynamics of gang violence within the context of immigrant communities and their adaptation to urban environments. By examining these issues, anthropologists can provide insights and recommendations to address the challenges faced by these social groups and improve their interactions with urban institutions.