The Unbeatable Quiz On Anthropology 1102-012 Quiz 11

2.

Which of the following statements about state religions is true?

They function to maintain socioeconomic stratification
They focus on the worship of natural phenomena
They are superfluous features of state-level organizations
They are characterized by rituals, such as the potlatch, which serve to level differences in wealth between people
They are based mainly on animistic belief systems

Correct Answer

A. They function to maintain socioeconomic stratification

Explanation

State religions function to maintain socioeconomic stratification. This means that these religions are used by the ruling elite to uphold and justify the existing social and economic hierarchy within a society. By promoting and enforcing certain religious beliefs and practices, state religions can reinforce the power and privileges of the ruling class, while also legitimizing the lower social status of marginalized groups. This can be achieved through various means, such as promoting the idea of divine right or using religious doctrines to justify social inequalities.

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3.

Which of the following kinds of religion involves full-time religious specialists?

Communal religion
Shamanic religion
Olympian religion
Individualistic cults
Idiosyncratic belief systems

Correct Answer

A. Olympian religion

Explanation

Olympian religion involves full-time religious specialists. In this kind of religion, there are dedicated priests or priestesses who perform religious rituals and ceremonies on a regular basis. These specialists have a deep understanding of the religious traditions and are responsible for maintaining the connection between the human world and the divine realm. They often serve as intermediaries between the gods and the worshippers, offering prayers, sacrifices, and guidance. The term "Olympian" refers to the gods of ancient Greece, who were believed to reside on Mount Olympus and were worshipped through elaborate rituals performed by dedicated priests and priestesses.

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4.

What term refers to the manipulation of the supernatural to accomplish specific goals?

Animism
Magic
Religion
A rite of passage
Pantheism

Correct Answer

A. Magic

Explanation

Magic refers to the manipulation of the supernatural to accomplish specific goals. It involves the use of rituals, spells, and other practices to harness mystical forces and bring about desired outcomes. Magic is often associated with ancient and traditional belief systems, where individuals seek to influence the natural world and control events through supernatural means. It is distinct from religion, which involves a broader system of beliefs and practices centered around the worship of deities or higher powers.

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5.

What are the induction into the U.S. Marine Corps and the vision quest of certain North American Indian societies examples of?

Binary opposition
Generalized exchange
Applied anthropology
Rites of passage
Genetic programming

Correct Answer

A. Rites of passage

Explanation

The induction into the U.S. Marine Corps and the vision quest of certain North American Indian societies are examples of rites of passage. Rites of passage are rituals or ceremonies that mark important transitions or milestones in a person's life, such as entering adulthood or joining a particular group or organization. These rituals often involve symbolic actions or tests that demonstrate an individual's readiness or commitment to assume new roles and responsibilities within society. The induction into the Marine Corps and the vision quest both involve undergoing specific challenges and tests that signify the transition from one phase of life to another.

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6.

Religion and magic don't just explain things and help people accomplish goals. They also enter the realm of human feelings. In other words, they

Serve emotional needs as well as cognitive (e.g., explanatory) ones
Help reduce differences by promoting brotherly love
Determine the emotional well-being of all of their practitioners
Often lead to extreme psychological disruption and even mental illness
Are psychologically and cognitively relevant, but these realms are well contained and have no effect beyond the mental well-being (or despair) of the practitioner

Correct Answer

A. Serve emotional needs as well as cognitive (e.g., explanatory) ones

Explanation

The given correct answer suggests that religion and magic serve not only cognitive needs, such as providing explanations for things, but also emotional needs. This means that they help individuals fulfill their emotional desires and find comfort or solace in their beliefs. Additionally, the answer implies that religion and magic have a psychological and cognitive relevance to practitioners, but these effects are contained within the individual's mental well-being and do not extend beyond that.

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7.

Which of the following statements concerning religion and states is true?

State organization precludes folk religions
All state religions are monotheistic
State religions follow the introduction of writing system
State religions often serve to make social stratification more acceptable
Although industrial states do not always have state religion, they are invariant features of archaic states

Correct Answer

A. State religions often serve to make social stratification more acceptable

Explanation

State religions often serve to make social stratification more acceptable. This means that state religions are often used by the ruling elite to justify and maintain social hierarchies within a society. By promoting certain beliefs and practices, state religions can reinforce the idea that inequality is natural or divinely ordained. This helps to legitimize the power and privileges of the ruling class, while discouraging social mobility and dissent. State religions can also provide a sense of unity and identity among the population, which can further strengthen the existing social order.

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8.

What is communitas?

A social inequality that is accepted even by those who are less privileged
Collective liminality
Anxiety
The latin word for mana
The supernatural

Correct Answer

A. Collective liminality

Explanation

Collective liminality refers to a state of being in-between or on the threshold of a social group, where individuals experience a sense of equality and solidarity. It is a temporary suspension of social norms and hierarchies, allowing for a sense of community and togetherness. This concept is often associated with rituals, ceremonies, or transformative experiences that create a sense of unity among participants. Communitas, therefore, can be understood as a form of collective liminality, where social inequalities are temporarily set aside, fostering a sense of equality and solidarity among individuals.

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9.

Which of the following statements about religion is NOT true?

It is a cultural construction, therefore not a reality
It creates and maintains divisions within society
It is sometimes a source of conflict
It is, in some cases, ecologically adaptive
It creates and maintains social solidarity

Correct Answer

A. It is a cultural construction, therefore not a reality

Explanation

Religion being a cultural construction does not imply that it is not a reality. Religion is a social phenomenon that exists and influences individuals and societies. It is a system of beliefs, practices, and values that shape people's lives and interactions. While religion can create divisions and conflicts within society, it also has the potential to create social solidarity and provide a sense of belonging and community. Additionally, religion can be ecologically adaptive in some cases, as it may influence people's attitudes and behaviors towards the environment.

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10.

What kind of religion is most frequently found in foraging bands?

Communal
Shamanic
Cargo cult
Monotheistic
Polytheistic

Correct Answer

A. Shamanic

Explanation

Shamanic religion is most frequently found in foraging bands. Shamanism is a belief system in which individuals, known as shamans, have the ability to communicate with the spirit world and perform rituals and healing practices. Foraging bands, which are small-scale societies that rely on hunting and gathering for subsistence, often have a strong spiritual connection to nature and the supernatural. Shamanic practices, such as trance states, divination, and rituals, are commonly observed in these societies as a means of maintaining harmony with the natural and spiritual realms.

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The Unbeatable Quiz On Anthropology 1102-012 Quiz 11

What is the term for marginal or in-between phase of a rite of passage?

Quiz Preview

Which of the following statements about state religions is true?

Which of the following kinds of religion involves full-time religious specialists?

What term refers to the manipulation of the supernatural to accomplish specific goals?

What are the induction into the U.S. Marine Corps and the vision quest of certain North American Indian societies examples of?

Religion and magic don't just explain things and help people accomplish goals. They also enter the realm of human feelings. In other words, they

Which of the following statements concerning religion and states is true?

What is communitas?

Which of the following statements about religion is NOT true?

What kind of religion is most frequently found in foraging bands?