A Quiz On Anthropology For Pros 1102-012 Quiz 7

2.

In recent times, many hunting-and-gathering groups have been exposed to the idea of food production (i.e., farming) but they have never adopted it. Why not?

They did not have the skills or tools to do so
Their own economies provide a perfectly adequate and nutritious diet, with a lot less work
People naturally resist change, especially foragers
They had to ask for permission from the state to do so
They did not realize the advantages of food production

Correct Answer

A. Their own economies provide a perfectly adequate and nutritious diet, with a lot less work

Explanation

The hunting-and-gathering groups did not adopt food production because their own economies already provide a sufficient and nutritious diet, requiring less effort.

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3.

A horticultural system of cultivation is characterized by

Intensive use of land and human labor
The use of irrigation and terracing
Developing almost exclusively in arid areas
Lack of proper knowledge about plant domestication
Periodic cycles of cultivation and fallowing

Correct Answer

A. Periodic cycles of cultivation and fallowing

Explanation

A horticultural system of cultivation is characterized by periodic cycles of cultivation and fallowing. This means that the land is cultivated for a certain period of time and then left fallow or unused for a period of time to allow it to recover and regenerate. This practice helps to maintain soil fertility and prevent soil erosion. It also allows for the sustainable use of land and resources in horticultural systems.

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4.

What kind of societies are typically associated with slash-and-burn cultivation?

Foraging societies
State-level societies
Hydraulic societies
Nonindustrial societies
Nomadic societies

Correct Answer

A. Nonindustrial societies

Explanation

Slash-and-burn cultivation is a traditional agricultural practice that involves clearing land by cutting down and burning vegetation before planting crops. This method is commonly used in nonindustrial societies, where advanced technology and machinery are not available. Nonindustrial societies rely on simple tools and techniques for farming and have a close relationship with the land. Slash-and-burn cultivation allows them to clear land and replenish soil fertility without the need for complex irrigation systems or machinery, making it a suitable practice for these societies.

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5.

Intensive agriculture

Has a significant impact on the environment but this impact is much localized and can be controlled
Can actually breed greater ecological diversity
Is least ecologically destructive when it is done with fuel-efficient machinery
Has significant environmental effects such as deforestation, water pollution, and reduction of ecological diversity
Is and ecological improvement over sectorial fallowing

Correct Answer

A. Has significant environmental effects such as deforestation, water pollution, and reduction of ecological diversity

Explanation

Intensive agriculture has significant environmental effects such as deforestation, water pollution, and reduction of ecological diversity. This means that the practice of intensive agriculture has a negative impact on the environment by causing the clearing of forests, polluting water sources, and reducing the diversity of plant and animal species in the affected areas. These environmental effects are a result of the intensive use of land, water, and chemicals in order to maximize crop production.

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6.

What is the term that refers to the type of pastoral economy in which part of the population moves with the herds while the rest stays in the village?

Balanced subsistence
Discretionary pastoralism
Pastoral transhumance
Foraging
Transhumant nomadism

Correct Answer

A. Pastoral transhumance

Explanation

Pastoral transhumance refers to the type of pastoral economy in which part of the population moves with the herds while the rest stays in the village. This means that some individuals within the community are responsible for taking care of the herds and moving them to different grazing areas, while others remain in the village to tend to other tasks. This division of labor allows for the efficient management of the herds and ensures that the village has a stable source of food and resources.

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7.

What are the means, or factors, of production?

They are all synonyms of a society's mode of production
A society's institutional mechanisms for making sure that everyone is productive
The ways a society organizes production
Labor forces organized by kinship ties
A society's major productive resources, such as land, labor, technology, and capital

Correct Answer

A. A society's major productive resources, such as land, labor, technology, and capital

Explanation

The means, or factors, of production refer to the resources that are necessary for the production of goods and services in a society. These resources include land, labor, technology, and capital. They are the essential components that enable the organization and functioning of production processes.

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8.

Economic anthropologists have been concerned with two main questions, one focusing on systems of human behavior and the other on the individuals who participate in those systems: The first question: How are production, distribution and consumption organized in different societies? The second question is:

Why has the myth of the profit-maximizing individual been so pervasive, despite evidence to the contrary?
What are the best ways to convince individuals in funding agencies of the value of ethnographic knowledge in the realm of economics?
What encourages overconsumption in western economies?
What motivates people in different cultures to produce, distribute or exchange, and consume?
What has been the impact globalization at the level of individuals?

Correct Answer

A. What motivates people in different cultures to produce, distribute or exchange, and consume?

Explanation

The correct answer is "what motivates people in different cultures to produce, distribute or exchange, and consume?" This answer aligns with the first question posed by economic anthropologists, which is about how production, distribution, and consumption are organized in different societies. It also reflects the focus on individuals and their motivations within these systems, which is the second question mentioned. By exploring what motivates people in different cultures to engage in economic activities, economic anthropologists can gain insights into the diverse factors that influence human behavior and contribute to the organization of economic systems.

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1

9.

Generalized reciprocity

Is characterized by the immediate return of the object exchanged
Is the characteristic form of exchange in egalitarian societies
Usually develops after redistribution but before the market principle
Disappears with the origin of the state
Is exemplified by silent trade

Correct Answer

A. Is the characteristic form of exchange in egalitarian societies

Explanation

Generalized reciprocity is the characteristic form of exchange in egalitarian societies. In these societies, there is a sense of equality and mutual trust among individuals, leading to the immediate return of the object exchanged. This form of reciprocity is based on the principle of giving without the expectation of an immediate or equal return. It is a way for individuals to support and help each other within the community, without keeping track of debts or obligations. As societies become more complex and stratified, with the development of redistribution and market principles, generalized reciprocity tends to disappear.

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10.

Which of the following kinds of exchange is characteristic among members of a family?

Generalized reciprocity
Balanced reciprocity
Negative reciprocity
Redistribution
None of these exchanges are characteristic among members of a family

Correct Answer

A. Generalized reciprocity

Explanation

Generalized reciprocity is the kind of exchange that is characteristic among members of a family. This type of exchange involves giving without the expectation of an immediate or equal return. In a family, members often provide support, care, and resources to one another without keeping track of who owes what to whom. This type of exchange is based on trust, love, and a sense of mutual obligation within the family unit. It is different from balanced reciprocity, which involves an expectation of a roughly equal return, and negative reciprocity, which involves a more calculated exchange for personal gain. Redistribution is a form of exchange where goods or resources are collected and then distributed by a central authority, which is not typically characteristic of family exchanges.

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A Quiz On Anthropology For Pros 1102-012 Quiz 7

Which of the following was a characteristic shared by recent foraging communities?

Quiz Preview

In recent times, many hunting-and-gathering groups have been exposed to the idea of food production (i.e., farming) but they have never adopted it. Why not?

A horticultural system of cultivation is characterized by

What kind of societies are typically associated with slash-and-burn cultivation?

Intensive agriculture

What is the term that refers to the type of pastoral economy in which part of the population moves with the herds while the rest stays in the village?

What are the means, or factors, of production?

Generalized reciprocity

Which of the following kinds of exchange is characteristic among members of a family?