Breast Anatomy And Physiology Quiz! Trivia

Prolactin, a hormone produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, is essential for lactation when other essential hormones are present as well. It stimulates the production of milk in the mammary glands and plays a crucial role in the initiation and maintenance of lactation. Without prolactin, the body would not be able to produce enough milk to feed a newborn baby.

The mammographer should visually inspect the patient's breasts in order to document the presence of accessory nipples, scars, moles, skin tags, sebaceous cysts, tattoos, piercings, areas of dimpling, discoloration, mediports, and pacemaker placement on the patient's history sheet. This is important for maintaining accurate and comprehensive patient records, which can aid in diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up care. Additionally, this documentation can help reduce the incidence of litigation by verifying the breast condition prior to mammography.

Reduction mammoplasty is a surgical procedure that is commonly performed to decrease the size of large breasts. It involves removing excess breast tissue, fat, and skin to achieve a more proportionate and smaller breast size. This procedure is often chosen by individuals who experience physical discomfort, such as back or neck pain, due to the weight and size of their breasts. It can also improve self-esteem and body image for those who feel self-conscious about their breast size.

"Peau D'Orange" is a term used to describe a condition where the skin of the breast appears thickened and pitted, resembling the skin of an orange. This condition is often associated with breast cancer and occurs due to the buildup of fluid in the breast tissue, causing the skin to take on a dimpled or orange peel-like appearance. It is important to recognize this characteristic as it can be an indication of an underlying breast health issue.

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Amastia refers to the condition of lacking breast development. It is characterized by the absence or underdevelopment of breast tissue. This can occur due to various factors such as genetic abnormalities, hormonal imbalances, or certain medical conditions. Mastitis, on the other hand, refers to the inflammation of breast tissue, mastodynia refers to breast pain, and paramastitis is not a recognized medical term. Therefore, the correct answer for the lack of breast development is amastia.

Breast tissue age refers to the period of time starting from the onset of menarche (the first occurrence of menstruation) and ending at menopause (the cessation of menstruation). During this timeframe, the breast tissue undergoes various changes, including development, maturation, and potential pregnancy-related alterations such as lactation. Therefore, measuring breast tissue age from menarche to menopause encompasses the entire reproductive lifespan of a woman.

During menopause, there is a natural decline in hormone production, including estrogen, which leads to a gradual decrease in the amount of glandular breast tissue. This process is known as atrophy. Atrophy refers to the shrinkage or wasting away of tissue or organs due to a decrease in cell size or number. In the context of menopause, the decline in estrogen levels causes the breast tissue to become less dense and more fatty, resulting in a decrease in glandular tissue. This is a normal part of the aging process and is not typically associated with any pathology.

It is important to perform breast self-examination (BSE) in both the upright and supine position because a lump could be missed if only one position is used. By examining the breasts in both positions, the patient can thoroughly check for any abnormalities or lumps that may be present. Different positions allow for better detection of lumps that may be more easily felt or visible in one position compared to the other. Therefore, performing BSE in both positions increases the chances of detecting any potential abnormalities.

The term "accessory nipples" refers to an extra nipple that forms along the mammary line. This condition is also known as supernumerary nipples or polythelia. It is a relatively common occurrence and can be found in both males and females. Accessory nipples are usually harmless and do not require treatment unless there are associated medical issues.

The axillary vein nodes serve as the primary reservoir for lymphatic drainage from the breast. These nodes are located in the axilla (armpit) and receive lymphatic fluid from the breast tissue. The lymphatic fluid, which contains waste products, toxins, and sometimes cancer cells, is filtered and processed by the axillary vein nodes before being returned to the bloodstream. This is an important step in the body's immune response and helps to prevent the spread of infection or cancer to other parts of the body.

Early menarche refers to the onset of menstruation at an early age. Research has shown that women who experience early menarche are at a higher risk of developing breast cancer later in life. This is believed to be due to the prolonged exposure to estrogen, which occurs with early menarche. Estrogen exposure has been linked to the development of breast cancer, and the longer a woman is exposed to estrogen, the higher her risk becomes. Therefore, early menarche increases the risk of breast cancer.

The reason why the patient should have her previous films available is because the comparative mammogram is the single best means of calling attention to subtle changes in breast tissue. By comparing the current mammogram with the previous ones, any changes or abnormalities can be easily identified. This allows for early detection of any potential issues and increases the chances of successful treatment.

The retromammary fat space is a layer of adipose and connective tissues that acts as a barrier between the breast and the pectoral muscle. It provides cushioning and support for the breast tissue.

The correct answer is Inframammary. Inframammary refers to an incision made in the crease underneath the breast for the surgical placement of breast implants. This incision site is commonly used because it provides direct access to the breast tissue and allows for precise implant placement. It also offers good cosmetic outcomes as the incision scar is hidden in the natural fold of the breast.

Retroglandular placement of an implant refers to the area behind the glandular tissue in the breast. This means that the implant is positioned between the breast tissue and the pectoral muscle. This placement is commonly used in breast augmentation surgeries and offers advantages such as easier access for future surgeries, shorter recovery time, and less discomfort compared to submuscular placement.

The correct answer is mammary line / milk ridge. This is because during early embryonic development, a ridge-like structure called the mammary line or milk ridge forms along the ventral surface of the embryo. This ridge extends from the armpit (axilla) to the groin (inguinal region). It is along this ridge that the mammary glands will eventually develop in females. The mammary line is a crucial landmark in understanding the development and positioning of the breasts.

The question asks for the pattern that is NOT a legitimate method for the BSE. The options provided are zigzag, linear, spiral or circular, and wedge. Zigzag is the correct answer because it does not fit the criteria of a legitimate method for the BSE. Zigzag implies a back and forth movement, which does not align with the concept of a pattern for the BSE. Linear, spiral or circular, and wedge are all valid patterns that can be used to analyze and interpret data in the BSE.

The removal of large amounts of breast tissue can cause architectural distortion on a mammogram. This refers to changes in the normal arrangement and structure of the breast tissue, which can appear as irregular or spiculated masses or areas of distortion on the mammogram image. These changes can be indicative of underlying breast abnormalities, such as tumors or cysts, and may require further evaluation or follow-up.

Fibrous and glandular tissues produce lower optical density on the mammogram, meaning they allow more X-rays to pass through. This results in these tissues appearing radiopaque or white on the mammogram, as they are less dense and block fewer X-rays compared to other tissues.

The technologist will have difficulty manipulating the implant behind the compression paddle on implant patients with capsule contracture. This is because capsule contracture refers to the formation of scar tissue around the implant, which can cause the implant to become firm or distorted. Manipulating the implant behind the compression paddle may be challenging due to the restricted movement caused by the scar tissue.

The TDLU (terminal duct lobular unit) begins at the extralobular terminal duct and extends to the terminal ductules. This unit is responsible for the production and transport of milk in the breast. It consists of a cluster of acini, or small sacs, which are connected by ducts. The TDLU is a crucial component of the mammary gland and plays a vital role in lactation.

A halo sign is a narrow radiolucent ring around the periphery of a lesion. This sign is typically seen with a benign growing circumscribed tumor. It is a radiological finding that indicates the presence of a clear or lucent area surrounding the lesion on imaging studies. This can help differentiate between benign and malignant tumors, as malignant tumors often do not display a halo sign. Therefore, the presence of a halo sign suggests a benign nature of the tumor.

Most calcifications are of the benign type. This means that the majority of calcifications found in breast imaging are not indicative of breast cancer. Calcifications can occur due to a variety of reasons, such as aging, inflammation, or benign breast conditions. While some calcifications may be associated with breast cancer, it is not always the case. Therefore, it is important for radiologists to consider other factors and conduct further evaluation when calcifications are detected.

A stellate lesion is characterized by a radiating structure with ill-defined borders consisting of spicules. This means that the lesion appears to have branches or arms that extend outward from a central point, and the borders of the lesion are not clearly defined. The spicules within the lesion are thin, needle-like structures. This description helps to differentiate a stellate lesion from other types of lesions that may have well-defined borders or irregularly-shaped microcalcifications.

Breast pain is the most common breast symptom. This can range from mild discomfort to severe pain and can occur in one or both breasts. Breast pain can be caused by various factors such as hormonal changes, breast cysts, fibrocystic changes, or even muscle strain. It is important for individuals experiencing breast pain to consult a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and diagnosis.

Eklund is the correct answer because he is the one who described the technique for improved imaging of the augmented breast.

The skin of the breast is thickest at the base. This is because the base of the breast is where most of the supporting structures and connective tissues are located, such as the suspensory ligaments and Cooper's ligaments. These structures provide stability and shape to the breast, and therefore require a thicker layer of skin for protection. Additionally, the base of the breast is in close proximity to the chest wall, which also contributes to the thicker skin in this area.

The linguine sign is an important MRI finding of intracapsular contracture of an implant. This sign refers to the appearance of multiple thin, wavy, and linear hypointense lines within the implant capsule on MRI images. It is indicative of fibrosis and contraction of the capsule surrounding the implant, which can cause distortion and displacement of the implant. This finding helps in diagnosing and assessing the severity of intracapsular contracture.

Nulliparity, which refers to not having any live births, is a risk factor that doubles the patient's chance of developing breast cancer. This means that women who have never given birth to a child have a higher risk of developing breast cancer compared to women who have had children. The hormonal changes that occur during pregnancy and breastfeeding are believed to have a protective effect against breast cancer. Therefore, nulliparity is considered a significant risk factor for the development of breast cancer.