Osseous Tissue And Bone Structure Quiz!
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Can you identify osseous tissue and bone structure? Completing this quiz would serve you, especially if you are learning about these subjects. Bones come in an assortment of forms and sizes and have complex internal and external structures. They are the most substantial parts of the body. Bone tissue or osseous tissue is a type of specialized connective tissue. If you take this quiz, it will put everything together for you.
- 1.
Which of following is a function of the skeletal system?
- A.
Body support
- B.
Calcium homeostasis
- C.
Protection of internal organs
- D.
Blood cell production
- E.
All of the answers are correct.
Correct Answer
E. All of the answers are correct.Explanation
The skeletal system serves multiple functions. It provides support to the body, allowing us to stand upright and move. It also protects internal organs such as the brain, heart, and lungs, by surrounding them with bones. Additionally, the skeletal system plays a role in calcium homeostasis, regulating the levels of calcium in the blood. Lastly, bones are responsible for the production of blood cells through a process called hematopoiesis. Therefore, all of the given answers accurately describe functions of the skeletal system.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Which of the following are not components of the skeletal system?
- A.
Tendons
- B.
Bones
- C.
Ligaments
- D.
Cartilage
- E.
Other tissues that connect bones
Correct Answer
A. TendonsExplanation
Tendons are not components of the skeletal system. Tendons are tough bands of connective tissue that connect muscles to bones, allowing for movement. While tendons play a crucial role in the musculoskeletal system, they are not considered part of the skeletal system itself, which primarily consists of bones, ligaments, cartilage, and other tissues that connect bones.Rate this question:
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- 3.
The proximal and distal ends of a long bone are called the
- A.
Epiphyses
- B.
Diaphyses
- C.
Epiphyseal plates
- D.
Metaphyses
- E.
Periphyses
Correct Answer
A. EpiphysesExplanation
The proximal and distal ends of a long bone are called the epiphyses. The epiphyses are the rounded ends of the bone that articulate with other bones to form joints. They are covered with a layer of hyaline cartilage called articular cartilage, which helps reduce friction and absorb shock during movement. The epiphyses also contain spongy bone tissue, which is responsible for producing red blood cells and storing minerals.Rate this question:
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- 4.
The carpal bones are examples of ________ bones.
- A.
Long
- B.
Short
- C.
Flat
- D.
Irregular
- E.
Sesamoid
Correct Answer
B. ShortExplanation
The carpal bones are examples of short bones because they are small, cube-shaped bones that provide stability and support to the wrist. Short bones are typically found in areas where there is a need for limited movement and are characterized by their compact and dense structure. The carpal bones fit this description as they are tightly packed together and allow for slight movement while maintaining stability in the wrist joint.Rate this question:
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- 5.
A rib is an example of a ________ bone.
- A.
Long
- B.
Short
- C.
Flat
- D.
Sutural
- E.
Sesamoid
Correct Answer
C. FlatExplanation
A rib is an example of a flat bone because it is thin, flat, and curved in shape. Flat bones are found in areas that need protection, such as the skull, sternum, and ribs. They provide a broad surface area for muscle attachment and help to protect underlying organs. Ribs specifically play a crucial role in protecting the heart and lungs.Rate this question:
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- 6.
The patella is an example of a(n) ________ bone.
- A.
Irregular
- B.
Sesamoid
- C.
Sutural
- D.
Sagittal
- E.
Flat
Correct Answer
B. SesamoidExplanation
The patella, also known as the kneecap, is a small, round bone located in the front of the knee joint. It is embedded within the tendon of the quadriceps muscle and acts as a fulcrum to increase the leverage of the muscle. Sesamoid bones are small, round bones that develop within tendons or in joint capsules, and the patella fits this description perfectly. Therefore, the patella is an example of a sesamoid bone.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Small bones that fill gaps between bones of the skull are called ________ bones.
- A.
Irregular
- B.
Sesamoid
- C.
Sutural
- D.
Sagittal
- E.
Tendon
Correct Answer
C. SuturalExplanation
Sutural bones are small bones that fill the gaps between the bones of the skull. These bones are also known as wormian bones or cranial ossicles. They are irregularly shaped and vary in number and size among individuals. Sutural bones can be found at the sutures, which are the junctions between the main bones of the skull. They are considered to be accessory bones and are not present in every individual.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Which of the following labels best matches osteocyte?
- A.
Stem cell
- B.
Dissolves matrix
- C.
Mature bone cell
- D.
Secretes organic matrix
- E.
Immature bone cell
Correct Answer
C. Mature bone cellExplanation
The correct answer is "mature bone cell" because an osteocyte is a fully developed and mature bone cell that is responsible for maintaining the bone tissue. Osteocytes are embedded within the bone matrix and play a crucial role in regulating bone remodeling and mineral homeostasis. They communicate with other bone cells and are involved in sensing mechanical stress and signaling for bone formation or resorption. Therefore, the label "mature bone cell" best matches the function and characteristics of an osteocyte.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Bone is composed of ________ percent cells.
- A.
25
- B.
10
- C.
2
- D.
15
- E.
50
Correct Answer
C. 2Explanation
Bone is composed of 2 percent cells. This means that only a small proportion of bone tissue is made up of cells, while the majority of it is composed of non-cellular components such as collagen and minerals. The cells in bone, including osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes, play crucial roles in bone formation, remodeling, and maintenance. However, they make up a relatively small percentage of the overall composition of bone tissue.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Cells that secrete the organic components of the bone matrix are called
- A.
Osteocytes.
- B.
Osteoprogenitor cells.
- C.
Osteoblasts.
- D.
Osteoclasts.
- E.
Osteoid cells.
Correct Answer
C. Osteoblasts.Explanation
Osteoblasts are cells that secrete the organic components of the bone matrix. They are responsible for synthesizing and depositing new bone tissue during bone formation. Osteocytes, on the other hand, are mature bone cells that are embedded within the bone matrix. Osteoprogenitor cells are undifferentiated cells that have the ability to differentiate into osteoblasts. Osteoclasts are cells that are involved in bone resorption, breaking down and removing old or damaged bone tissue. Osteoid cells are not a recognized term in bone biology. Therefore, the correct answer is osteoblasts.Rate this question:
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- 11.
________ are squamous stem cells that develop into osteoblasts.
- A.
Osteoclasts
- B.
Osteocytes
- C.
Osteomedullary cells
- D.
Osteoprogenitor cells
- E.
Osteoid cells
Correct Answer
D. Osteoprogenitor cellsExplanation
Osteoprogenitor cells are squamous stem cells that have the ability to differentiate into osteoblasts, which are responsible for bone formation. These cells are found in the periosteum, endosteum, and bone marrow. They play a crucial role in bone development and repair, as they are able to divide and produce more osteoblasts. Osteoprogenitor cells are important in maintaining the balance between bone formation and resorption in the body.Rate this question:
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- 12.
________ account(s) for almost two-thirds of the weight of bone.
- A.
Water
- B.
Calcium carbonate
- C.
Collagen fibers
- D.
Fluoride
- E.
Calcium phosphate
Correct Answer
E. Calcium phosphateExplanation
Calcium phosphate is the correct answer because it is a major component of the mineralized matrix in bone. It provides strength and rigidity to the bone structure. Calcium phosphate combines with calcium hydroxide to form hydroxyapatite crystals, which make up the mineral portion of bone. These crystals contribute to the weight of the bone, accounting for almost two-thirds of its total weight.Rate this question:
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- 13.
The ________ interactions allow bone to be strong, somewhat flexible, and highly resistant to shattering.
- A.
Collagen-fiber
- B.
Protein-crystal
- C.
Mineral-crystal
- D.
Protein-protein
- E.
Hydroxyapatite-crystal
Correct Answer
B. Protein-crystalExplanation
Protein-crystal interactions allow bone to be strong, somewhat flexible, and highly resistant to shattering. The proteins in bone, such as collagen, provide flexibility and tensile strength, while the mineral crystals, such as hydroxyapatite, provide hardness and compressive strength. The interaction between proteins and crystals creates a composite material that combines the best properties of both components, resulting in the overall strength and resilience of bone.Rate this question:
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- 14.
The most abundant cell type in bone is:
- A.
Osteoclasts.
- B.
Osteoblasts.
- C.
Osteolytes.
- D.
Osteoprogenitor cells.
- E.
Osteocytes.
Correct Answer
E. Osteocytes.Explanation
Osteocytes are the most abundant cell type in bone. They are mature bone cells that are responsible for maintaining the bone tissue. Osteocytes are embedded within the bone matrix and are connected to each other through tiny channels called canaliculi. They play a crucial role in bone remodeling, regulation of bone density, and response to mechanical stress. Osteoclasts are responsible for bone resorption, osteoblasts are responsible for bone formation, osteoprogenitor cells are undifferentiated cells that can differentiate into osteoblasts, and osteolytes is not a recognized cell type in bone.Rate this question:
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- 15.
The lacunae of osseous tissue contain:
- A.
Blood cells.
- B.
Osteocytes.
- C.
Chondroblasts.
- D.
Bone marrow.
- E.
Capillaries.
Correct Answer
B. Osteocytes.Explanation
The lacunae of osseous tissue contain osteocytes. Osteocytes are mature bone cells that are found within small spaces called lacunae. These cells are responsible for maintaining the health and integrity of the bone tissue by regulating mineral content and repairing damaged bone. They also communicate with each other and with other cells through tiny channels called canaliculi. The presence of osteocytes in the lacunae is essential for the proper functioning and maintenance of the osseous tissue.Rate this question:
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- 16.
How would removing hydroxyapatite from bone matrix affect the physical properties of a bone?
- A.
The bone would be less flexible.
- B.
The bone would be stronger.
- C.
The bone would be more brittle.
- D.
The bone would be more flexible.
- E.
The bone would be less compressible
Correct Answer
D. The bone would be more flexible.Explanation
Removing hydroxyapatite from bone matrix would result in the bone being less rigid and more flexible. Hydroxyapatite is a mineral compound that provides strength and rigidity to the bone. Without it, the bone would lose its structural integrity and become more flexible. This would make the bone more susceptible to fractures and less able to withstand external forces.Rate this question:
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- 17.
In relationship to the diaphysis of a long bone, the osteons are
- A.
Radial
- B.
Anterior.
- C.
Parallel.
- D.
Proximal.
- E.
Diagonal
Correct Answer
C. Parallel.Explanation
The osteons in a long bone are arranged parallel to the diaphysis. Osteons are cylindrical structures that make up the compact bone tissue, and they consist of concentric rings of bone called lamellae. These lamellae are arranged in a parallel manner along the length of the diaphysis, providing strength and support to the bone. Therefore, the correct answer is parallel.Rate this question:
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- 18.
The femur can withstand ________ times the body's weight without breaking.
- A.
3
- B.
5 to 10
- C.
8
- D.
10 to 15
- E.
30
Correct Answer
D. 10 to 15Explanation
The femur, also known as the thigh bone, is the strongest and longest bone in the human body. It is designed to bear weight and withstand forces during activities such as walking, running, and jumping. The answer "10 to 15" suggests that the femur can withstand 10 to 15 times the body's weight without breaking, indicating its incredible strength and ability to support the body's weight.Rate this question:
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- 19.
________ marrow is found between the trabeculae of spongy bone.
- A.
Blue
- B.
White
- C.
Yellow
- D.
Green
- E.
Red
Correct Answer
E. RedExplanation
Red marrow is found between the trabeculae of spongy bone. This type of marrow is responsible for the production of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. It contains a high concentration of blood vessels and is involved in hematopoiesis, the process of blood cell formation. The red color of the marrow is due to the presence of red blood cells.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Which statement is true regarding calcium in bone matrix?
- A.
Calcium is found in crystals called hydroxyapatite.
- B.
Calcium is secreted by osteoblasts into the matrix.
- C.
Calcium is found in crystals called hydrochloride
- D.
Calcium provides flexibility to the bone matrix.
- E.
Calcium is the organic part of the matrix.
Correct Answer
A. Calcium is found in crystals called hydroxyapatite.Explanation
Calcium is found in crystals called hydroxyapatite. Hydroxyapatite is a mineral compound that makes up a significant portion of the bone matrix. It provides strength and rigidity to the bone structure, making it an essential component for bone health. Calcium ions are incorporated into the hydroxyapatite crystals, contributing to the overall mineralization of the bone. This explanation highlights the correct statement about the presence of calcium in the bone matrix.Rate this question:
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- 21.
The trabeculae of spongy bone
- A.
Are organized by marrow color
- B.
Are organized along stress lines.
- C.
Will collapse under stress.
- D.
Are concentrated in the cortex of the diaphysis.
Correct Answer
B. Are organized along stress lines.Explanation
The trabeculae of spongy bone are organized along stress lines. This means that they align themselves in a way that allows them to withstand and distribute forces applied to the bone. This organization provides strength and stability to the bone, making it less likely to collapse or fracture under stress. By aligning along stress lines, the trabeculae can efficiently transfer and distribute the forces applied to the bone, ensuring its structural integrity.Rate this question:
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- 22.
Intramembranous ossification begins with differentiation of ________ cells.
- A.
Osteoclast
- B.
Osteolytic
- C.
Mesenchymal
- D.
Osteoblast
Correct Answer
C. MesenchymalExplanation
Intramembranous ossification is a process by which bone tissue is formed directly within mesenchymal connective tissue. Mesenchymal cells are undifferentiated cells that have the ability to differentiate into various cell types, including osteoblasts, which are responsible for bone formation. Therefore, the differentiation of mesenchymal cells is the initial step in the process of intramembranous ossification.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Which of the following statements about Marfan's syndrome is false?
- A.
It results in short, stubby fingers.
- B.
It results from a mutation.
- C.
It affects connective tissue structures.
- D.
It affects epiphyseal cartilages.
Correct Answer
A. It results in short, stubby fingers.Explanation
Marfan's syndrome is a genetic disorder that affects the connective tissues in the body due to a mutation. It can cause various symptoms, such as tall stature, long limbs, and aortic abnormalities. However, it does not result in short, stubby fingers. Therefore, the statement "It results in short, stubby fingers" is false.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Suppose that epiphyseal lines appear in a 10-year-old's long bones. Which of the following statements is, therefore, true?
- A.
The epiphyseal plates have ossified and further growth in length is not possible.
- B.
Administration of growth hormone will stimulate future bone growth in length.
- C.
Osteoclasts will dissolve the metaphysis so length growth can continue until adulthood.
- D.
More growth will occur during the teenage years as sex hormones stimulate rebuilding of growth plates.
Correct Answer
A. The epiphyseal plates have ossified and further growth in length is not possible.Explanation
The presence of epiphyseal lines in a 10-year-old's long bones indicates that the epiphyseal plates, which are responsible for bone growth, have ossified. Ossification refers to the process of bone formation, where cartilage is replaced by bone tissue. Once the epiphyseal plates have ossified, further growth in length is not possible as the growth plates have closed.Rate this question:
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- 25.
When cartilage is produced at the epiphyseal side of the metaphysis at the same rate as bone is deposited on the opposite side, bones
- A.
Grow longer.
- B.
Grow wider.
- C.
Become shorter.
- D.
Become more porous and weaker.
Correct Answer
A. Grow longer.Explanation
When cartilage is produced at the epiphyseal side of the metaphysis at the same rate as bone is deposited on the opposite side, bones grow longer. This is because the cartilage acts as a growth plate, allowing for the lengthening of the bone. As the cartilage is produced, it pushes the bone away from the growth plate, causing the bone to grow longer. This process is known as endochondral ossification and is responsible for the longitudinal growth of bones during childhood and adolescence.Rate this question:
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- 26.
When cartilage is produced at the epiphyseal side of the metaphysis at the same rate as bone is deposited on the opposite side, bones
- A.
Grow longer.
- B.
Grow wider.
- C.
Become shorter.
- D.
Become more porous and weaker.
Correct Answer
A. Grow longer.Explanation
When cartilage is produced at the epiphyseal side of the metaphysis at the same rate as bone is deposited on the opposite side, bones grow longer. This is because the cartilage acts as a growth plate, allowing for the lengthening of the bone. As new cartilage cells are produced, they push the older cells towards the diaphysis, where they eventually harden into bone. This process, known as endochondral ossification, allows for the longitudinal growth of bones, resulting in an increase in overall bone length.Rate this question:
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- 27.
Accelerated closure of the epiphyseal plates could be caused by
- A.
High levels of vitamin D.
- B.
Too much calcium in the diet.
- C.
Elevated levels of estrogen.
- D.
Too little thyroxine.
Correct Answer
C. Elevated levels of estrogen.Explanation
Elevated levels of estrogen can cause accelerated closure of the epiphyseal plates. Estrogen is a hormone that plays a crucial role in the development and regulation of the skeletal system. It promotes the fusion of the epiphyseal plates, which are responsible for bone growth. When estrogen levels are abnormally high, the closure of these plates can occur earlier than normal, leading to premature cessation of bone growth. This can result in shorter stature and other skeletal abnormalities.Rate this question:
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- 28.
In normal adult bones,
- A.
There is no turnover of minerals.
- B.
A portion of the protein and mineral content is replaced each year.
- C.
Osteoblast activity exceeds osteoclast activity, once bone has been formed.
- D.
Osteoclasts continue to be active long after osteoblast activity ceases.
- E.
Exercise will have no effect on bone remodeling.
Correct Answer
B. A portion of the protein and mineral content is replaced each year.Explanation
The correct answer is that a portion of the protein and mineral content is replaced each year. This is because bones undergo a process called remodeling, where old bone tissue is broken down by osteoclasts and new bone tissue is formed by osteoblasts. This continuous turnover of bone tissue helps to maintain the strength and integrity of the bones. Exercise also plays a role in bone remodeling, as it stimulates osteoblast activity and helps to increase bone density.Rate this question:
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- 29.
A lack of exercise could
- A.
Cause bones to become thicker.
- B.
Cause bones to store more calcium.
- C.
Result in porous and weak bones.
- D.
Cause bones to become longer.
Correct Answer
C. Result in porous and weak bones.Explanation
A lack of exercise can result in porous and weak bones because exercise helps to stimulate the production of new bone tissue and strengthen existing bones. When we don't engage in regular physical activity, our bones are not subjected to the stress and strain that is necessary for them to maintain their density and strength. As a result, they may become porous, meaning they have a higher proportion of small holes or spaces, and weaker, making them more prone to fractures and other bone-related problems.Rate this question:
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- 30.
When stress is applied to a bone,
- A.
The minerals in the bone produce a weak electrical field that attracts osteoblasts.
- B.
Osteoclast activity increases and osteoblast activity decreases.
- C.
the bone becomes thin and brittle and ultimately fractures.
- D.
The bone compensates by becoming thinner in the region of stress.
Correct Answer
A. The minerals in the bone produce a weak electrical field that attracts osteoblasts.Explanation
When stress is applied to a bone, the minerals in the bone produce a weak electrical field that attracts osteoblasts. Osteoblasts are responsible for bone formation and help in the repair and remodeling of bones. The weak electrical field acts as a signal for osteoblasts to migrate to the site of stress and initiate the process of bone formation. This helps in strengthening the bone and maintaining its structural integrity.Rate this question:
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- 31.
Excessive growth hormone prior to puberty could result in
- A.
Osteoporosis
- B.
Osteopenia.
- C.
Rickets.
- D.
Gigantism.
- E.
Dwarfism.
Correct Answer
D. Gigantism.Explanation
Excessive growth hormone prior to puberty can lead to gigantism. Gigantism is a condition characterized by abnormal and excessive growth, resulting in an individual being much taller than average. This occurs when there is an overproduction of growth hormone from the pituitary gland, usually caused by a tumor. The excess hormone stimulates the growth plates in the long bones, leading to increased bone length and overall height. It is important to note that gigantism only occurs if the excess growth hormone is present before the closure of the growth plates, which is why it is associated with puberty.Rate this question:
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- 32.
Where in the body does the production of precursors for the synthesis of calcitriol occur?
- A.
Bone
- B.
Kidneys
- C.
Small intestine
- D.
Liver
- E.
Skin
Correct Answer
E. SkinExplanation
Calcitriol is the active form of vitamin D, which is synthesized in the body. The production of precursors for the synthesis of calcitriol occurs in the skin. When the skin is exposed to sunlight, a precursor molecule called 7-dehydrocholesterol is converted into vitamin D3. This precursor is then transported to the liver and kidneys, where it is further processed to form calcitriol. Therefore, the skin plays a crucial role in the initial production of precursors for the synthesis of calcitriol.Rate this question:
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- 33.
The most abundant mineral in the human body is
- A.
Sodium.
- B.
Potassium.
- C.
Phosphorus.
- D.
Calcium.
Correct Answer
D. Calcium.Explanation
Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the human body because it plays a crucial role in maintaining strong bones and teeth. It is also involved in various physiological processes, such as muscle contraction, nerve function, and blood clotting. Calcium is stored in the bones and teeth, and the body tightly regulates its levels in the blood to ensure proper functioning. While sodium, potassium, and phosphorus are also essential minerals, they are not as abundant in the body as calcium.Rate this question:
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- 34.
Elevated levels of calcium ion in the blood stimulate the secretion of the hormone
- A.
Calcitonin.
- B.
Thyroid hormone.
- C.
Parathyroid hormone.
- D.
Growth hormone.
Correct Answer
A. Calcitonin.Explanation
Elevated levels of calcium ion in the blood stimulate the secretion of calcitonin. Calcitonin is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland that helps regulate calcium levels in the blood. When calcium levels are too high, calcitonin is released to inhibit the breakdown of bone and promote calcium excretion through the kidneys, thus lowering the levels of calcium in the blood. Therefore, calcitonin is the correct answer in this case.Rate this question:
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- 35.
The hormone calcitonin functions to
- A.
Stimulate osteoclast activity.
- B.
Decrease the rate of calcium excretion.
- C.
Decrease the rate of calcium absorption.
- D.
decrease the level of calcium ion in the blood.
Correct Answer
D. decrease the level of calcium ion in the blood.Explanation
Calcitonin is a hormone secreted by the thyroid gland that helps regulate calcium levels in the body. It works by inhibiting osteoclast activity, which prevents the breakdown of bone and the release of calcium into the bloodstream. Additionally, calcitonin decreases the rate of calcium excretion by the kidneys, thereby reducing the amount of calcium lost in urine. By these mechanisms, calcitonin ultimately decreases the level of calcium ions in the blood, helping to maintain proper calcium balance in the body.Rate this question:
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- 36.
Parathyroid hormone functions in all of the following ways except
- A.
Stimulating osteoclast activity.
- B.
increasing the rate of calcium absorption.
- C.
Decreasing the rate of calcium excretion.
- D.
Raising the level of calcium ion in the blood.
- E.
Inhibiting calcitonin secretion
Correct Answer
E. Inhibiting calcitonin secretionExplanation
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) functions in several ways to regulate calcium levels in the body. It stimulates osteoclast activity, which helps in the breakdown of bone tissue to release calcium. PTH also increases the rate of calcium absorption from the intestines and decreases the rate of calcium excretion by the kidneys. Additionally, PTH raises the level of calcium ions in the blood. However, it does not inhibit calcitonin secretion. Calcitonin is a hormone that works opposite to PTH and helps to lower blood calcium levels by inhibiting bone breakdown and promoting calcium excretion.Rate this question:
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- 37.
A child with rickets often has
- A.
Oversized facial bones.
- B.
Long fingers.
- C.
frequent bruises.
- D.
Bowed legs.
Correct Answer
D. Bowed legs.Explanation
Rickets is a condition caused by a deficiency in vitamin D, calcium, or phosphate, which leads to weak and soft bones. One of the most common signs of rickets is bowed legs, where the legs curve outward instead of being straight. This occurs because the weakened bones are unable to support the weight of the body properly. The other options, such as oversized facial bones, long fingers, and frequent bruises, are not typically associated with rickets.Rate this question:
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- 38.
Bone plays a central role in the regulation of blood levels of
- A.
Potassium.
- B.
Iron.
- C.
Sulfate.
- D.
Calcium.
Correct Answer
D. Calcium.Explanation
Bone plays a central role in the regulation of blood levels of calcium. Calcium is an essential mineral that is important for various bodily functions, including the proper functioning of muscles, nerves, and the cardiovascular system. When blood calcium levels are low, bone releases calcium into the bloodstream to maintain the balance. Similarly, when blood calcium levels are high, bone absorbs excess calcium to prevent toxicity. Therefore, bone serves as a reservoir for calcium and helps regulate its levels in the blood.Rate this question:
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- 39.
Hundreds of years ago, explorers often died of scurvy. How can this bone-related disease be prevented?
- A.
Supplement the diet with more calcium from meat.
- B.
Increase levels of testosterone to stimulate bone repair.
- C.
Supplement the diet with fresh fruit rich in vitamin C.
- D.
Drink more water to promote bone remodeling and repair.
Correct Answer
C. Supplement the diet with fresh fruit rich in vitamin C.Explanation
Scurvy is a disease caused by vitamin C deficiency. Fresh fruits are rich in vitamin C, so supplementing the diet with fresh fruits can prevent scurvy. Vitamin C plays a crucial role in collagen synthesis, which is essential for maintaining healthy bones and preventing bone-related diseases. By consuming fresh fruits rich in vitamin C, explorers can ensure that they are getting an adequate amount of this nutrient and prevent scurvy.Rate this question:
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- 40.
How is vitamin D (vitamin D3) related to calcium homeostasis in bone?
- A.
Vitamin D provides a framework for calcium in the matrix.
- B.
Vitamin D is regulated by osteoclast activity.
- C.
Vitamin D is produced by osteoblasts during endochondral ossification.
- D.
Vitamin D is involved in calcium absorption by the digestive tract.
Correct Answer
D. Vitamin D is involved in calcium absorption by the digestive tract.Explanation
Vitamin D is involved in calcium absorption by the digestive tract. This means that when vitamin D is present, it helps the body absorb calcium from the food we eat. This is important for maintaining calcium homeostasis in the bones because calcium is a key component of bone structure. Without enough vitamin D, the body cannot efficiently absorb calcium, which can lead to weakened bones and an increased risk of fractures. Therefore, ensuring an adequate intake of vitamin D is crucial for maintaining healthy bones and calcium balance in the body.Rate this question:
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- 41.
The disease osteomalacia causes calcium loss from the skeleton, which would result in bones that are
- A.
More resistant to compression.
- B.
Stronger and heavier.
- C.
Stronger and contain more spongy bone.
- D.
Weaker and more flexible.
Correct Answer
D. Weaker and more flexible.Explanation
Osteomalacia is a disease that causes calcium loss from the skeleton. Calcium is an essential mineral for bone strength and rigidity. With calcium loss, the bones become weaker and less able to withstand compression forces, making them more flexible. Therefore, the correct answer is weaker and more flexible.Rate this question:
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- 42.
A fracture at the ankle involving both lower leg bones is often called a ________ fracture.
- A.
Compression
- B.
Pott's
- C.
Displaced
- D.
Greenstick
Correct Answer
B. Pott'sExplanation
A fracture at the ankle involving both lower leg bones is often called a Pott's fracture. This type of fracture typically occurs when there is an external rotation force applied to the ankle, causing the fibula bone to break and the ankle joint to become dislocated. Pott's fracture is named after Sir Percivall Pott, an English surgeon who first described this specific type of ankle fracture in the 18th century.Rate this question:
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- 43.
While on a school skiing trip in Colorado, Heidi falls and breaks her tibia and fibula in a Pott's fracture. What would you expect as a prominent part of her clinical assessment several hours after the fall?
- A.
Hypertension
- B.
Tachycardia
- C.
Erythema
- D.
Hematoma
Correct Answer
D. HematomaExplanation
After breaking her tibia and fibula in a Pott's fracture, Heidi would likely have a hematoma as a prominent part of her clinical assessment several hours after the fall. A hematoma is a localized collection of blood outside the blood vessels, typically caused by injury or trauma. In this case, the broken bones would have caused blood vessels to rupture, leading to bleeding and the formation of a hematoma. This would be expected as part of her assessment, along with other signs such as pain, swelling, and limited mobility.Rate this question:
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- 44.
What is the correct sequence of steps in bone repair?
- A.
1, 2, 3, 4
- B.
2, 1, 3, 4
- C.
3, 1, 4, 2
- D.
4, 2, 3, 1
- E.
2, 3, 1, 4
Correct Answer
E. 2, 3, 1, 4 -
- 45.
If a tumor secretes high levels of osteoclast-activating factor, which of the following would you expect to occur as a result of this condition?
- A.
Increases in blood levels of calcium
- B.
Bone fragility
- C.
Decreased bone density
- D.
Increased osteoclast activity
- E.
All of the answers are correct
Correct Answer
E. All of the answers are correctExplanation
When a tumor secretes high levels of osteoclast-activating factor, it leads to increased osteoclast activity. Osteoclasts are cells responsible for breaking down bone tissue. Increased osteoclast activity can result in bone fragility and decreased bone density. Additionally, as bone is broken down, calcium is released into the bloodstream, causing increases in blood levels of calcium. Therefore, all of the given answers are correct.Rate this question:
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- 46.
Mary is 50 years old and has entered menopause. During a checkup, a bone scan reveals the beginnings of osteoporosis. Her physician suggests hormone therapy. What hormone might she prescribe for Mary?
- A.
Thyroid hormone
- B.
Growth hormone
- C.
Estrogen
- D.
Parathyroid hormone
Correct Answer
C. EstrogenExplanation
During menopause, a decrease in estrogen levels can lead to the development of osteoporosis. Estrogen plays a crucial role in maintaining bone density and strength. Therefore, Mary's physician might prescribe estrogen hormone therapy to help prevent further bone loss and reduce the risk of fractures associated with osteoporosis.Rate this question:
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- 47.
Mary is 50 years old and has entered menopause. During a checkup, a bone scan reveals the beginnings of osteoporosis. Her physician suggests nutritional therapy. What might she recommend for Mary?
- A.
Vitamin C
- B.
Vitamin D
- C.
Calcium supplements
- D.
Dairy products
- E.
All of the answers are correct
Correct Answer
E. All of the answers are correctExplanation
During menopause, women are at a higher risk of developing osteoporosis due to hormonal changes. Nutritional therapy is often recommended to prevent or manage osteoporosis. Vitamin C is important for collagen synthesis, which is essential for bone health. Vitamin D helps with calcium absorption and bone mineralization. Calcium supplements are commonly prescribed to ensure an adequate intake of this mineral, which is crucial for maintaining bone density. Dairy products are a good source of calcium and other nutrients needed for bone health. Therefore, all of the answers are correct as they contribute to a comprehensive approach to managing osteoporosis.Rate this question:
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- 48.
The superficial membrane of a bone is called the
- A.
Endosteum.
- B.
Ectosteum.
- C.
Cortical membrane.
- D.
Periosteum.
Correct Answer
D. Periosteum.Explanation
The correct answer is periosteum. The periosteum is the outermost layer of a bone that covers the entire surface except for the joint areas. It consists of two layers - an outer fibrous layer and an inner cellular layer. The periosteum plays a crucial role in bone growth, repair, and nutrition by providing a site for attachment of tendons and ligaments, as well as containing blood vessels and nerves that supply the bone.Rate this question:
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- 49.
During the process of ________, an existing tissue is replaced by bone.
- A.
Phosphorylation
- B.
Resorption
- C.
Ossification
- D.
Osteopropagation
Correct Answer
C. OssificationExplanation
Ossification is the process in which an existing tissue is replaced by bone. This process involves the deposition of calcium and other minerals, as well as the formation of new bone cells. Ossification plays a crucial role in bone growth, repair, and remodeling throughout life. It is responsible for the transformation of cartilage into bone during development and the healing of fractures.Rate this question:
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- 50.
What type of tissue is replaced in the embryo during endochondral ossification?
- A.
Connective tissue membranes
- B.
Fibrocartilage
- C.
Mesenchymal tissue
- D.
Hyaline cartilage
Correct Answer
D. Hyaline cartilageExplanation
During endochondral ossification, hyaline cartilage is replaced by bone tissue in the embryo. This process involves the gradual conversion of cartilage into bone. Initially, a cartilage model is formed, which is then replaced by bone tissue as the cartilage cells die and are replaced by osteoblasts. This process is essential for the formation and growth of long bones in the body.Rate this question:
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Mar 22, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Sep 30, 2019Quiz Created by
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