Ch 6 Osseous Tissue And Skeletal Structure Quiz

The adult skeleton has 206 bones. This is the correct answer because the human skeleton is made up of 206 bones, including the bones of the skull, spine, ribcage, and limbs. These bones provide support, protect organs, and allow for movement.

Spongy bone, also known as trabecular or cancellous bone, is one of the two types of osseous tissue, the other being compact bone. It is characterized by its porous and lattice-like structure, containing trabeculae or spicules of bone. Spongy bone is found at the ends of long bones, within the interior of flat bones, and in the epiphysis of long bones. It provides structural support, reduces the weight of the skeleton, and contains red bone marrow, where blood cells are produced.

Osteopenia is a condition characterized by a decrease in bone density, which makes the bones thinner and weaker. This condition is a normal part of the aging process, where the body loses more bone mass than it can replace. As a result, individuals with osteopenia have a higher risk of developing osteoporosis and experiencing fractures. The other options, a stronger vertebral column and higher elasticity of the skin, are not associated with osteopenia.

Bone is a rigid and hard connective tissue that provides support and protection to the body. It is composed of a dense matrix that gives it strength and rigidity. The outer surface of bone is covered by a periosteum, which is a fibrous membrane that helps in bone growth and repair. However, elasticity is not a characteristic of bone. Elasticity refers to the ability of a material to stretch and return to its original shape. Bone is not elastic and does not have the ability to stretch or deform significantly.

A joint that is monoaxial can only move on one axis. This means that it can only move in one plane or direction, such as flexion and extension. It cannot move in multiple directions or planes. Therefore, the statement "If a joint is said to be monoaxial it can only be moved on 1 axis" is true.

Canaliculi are indeed narrow passageways through the matrix of bone. These microscopic channels connect the lacunae, which are small spaces where bone cells called osteocytes reside. Canaliculi allow for the exchange of nutrients, waste, and signals between osteocytes, as well as facilitate the distribution of oxygen and removal of metabolic waste products throughout the bone tissue. Therefore, the statement is true.

Osteoclasts are responsible for breaking down and resorbing bone tissue, including the calcium salts present in the bone. If osteoclasts remove calcium salts faster than osteoblasts can deposit new bone tissue, it will lead to a net loss of bone density and weaken the bones. Therefore, the statement "Osteoclasts remove calcium salts faster than osteoblasts, the bones will weaken" is true.

The endostium is a thin layer of connective tissue that lines the inner surface of the marrow cavity in bones. It provides support and protection to the bone marrow, which is responsible for producing blood cells. Therefore, the statement that the endostium lines the marrow cavity is true.

Osteocytes, which are mature bone cells, are found within small spaces called lacunae. These lacunae contain lamellae, which are concentric layers of bone matrix. In addition to lamellae, the lacunae also include canaliculi. Canaliculi are tiny channels that connect the lacunae and allow for communication and nutrient exchange between osteocytes. Therefore, the correct answer is canaliculi.

The two forms of ossification are endochondral and intramembranous. Endochondral ossification occurs when bone is formed from a cartilage template, while intramembranous ossification occurs when bone is formed directly from mesenchymal cells without a cartilage template. Therefore, the correct answer is intramembraneous.

Osteoblasts are responsible for bone formation and increasing bone density. When osteoblast activity predominates, bones become thicker and stronger, not thinner and weaker. Therefore, the statement is false.

Red bone marrow is made of spongy bone because spongy bone is the type of bone tissue that contains red bone marrow. Red bone marrow is responsible for the production of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. It is found in the spongy or trabecular bone, which is the less dense and more porous type of bone tissue compared to compact bone. Spongy bone provides a network of spaces that allows for the storage and production of red bone marrow cells.

An amphiarthrosis joint is not fully moveable. Amphiarthrosis joints are classified as slightly moveable joints, meaning that they allow for limited movement. These joints are characterized by the presence of cartilage or fibrocartilage between the articulating bones, which provides some flexibility and shock absorption but restricts the range of motion compared to freely moveable joints.

Yellow bone marrow is not made of compact bone. Yellow bone marrow is found in the central cavity of long bones and is composed mainly of fat cells. Compact bone, on the other hand, is a dense and hard type of bone tissue that forms the outer layer of bones. Therefore, the correct answer is False.

Osteocytes serve two major functions: one is to maintain and monitor the protein and mineral content, and the other is to participate in the repair of damaged bone. This means that osteocytes play a crucial role in the healing process of bones when they are injured or fractured. They help in the remodeling and regeneration of bone tissue by coordinating with other cells, such as osteoblasts and osteoclasts, to ensure proper bone repair and restoration of its strength and structure.

The knee joint is not a synarthritic joint because it allows movement and is classified as a diarthrosis or a freely movable joint. Synarthritic joints, on the other hand, are immovable or have very limited movement. Gomphosis and synchondrosis are examples of synarthritic joints, with gomphosis being a type of joint that anchors teeth to the sockets in the jawbone and synchondrosis being a cartilaginous joint found in growing bones.

The skeletal system is responsible for providing support to the body, protecting vital organs, and producing blood cells. However, movement is not a direct function of the skeletal system. While the skeletal system provides a framework for muscles to attach to and allows for movement, the actual movement is controlled by the muscular system. Therefore, movement is not a function of the skeletal system itself.

The ground substance for bone is composed of salt and calcium. This combination provides the necessary strength and rigidity to support the structure of the bone. Salt, in the form of hydroxyapatite crystals, contributes to the hardness of the bone, while calcium provides the mineralization required for bone formation and maintenance. Together, salt and calcium form the essential components of the ground substance in bone histology.

The periosteum is a dense connective tissue that covers the outer surface of bones. It serves several functions, including providing protection, aiding in bone growth and repair, and serving as an attachment point for tendons and ligaments. However, storage of calcium is not a function of the periosteum. Calcium storage primarily occurs in the bones themselves, specifically in the mineralized matrix of the bone tissue. The periosteum does not have the capacity to store calcium in significant amounts.

The statement is false because the shoulder and hip joints are examples of ball-and-socket joints, not biaxial joints. Biaxial joints allow movement in two planes or axes, while ball-and-socket joints allow movement in multiple axes. The shoulder and hip joints are capable of movement in multiple directions, making them ball-and-socket joints rather than biaxial joints.

Osteoprogenitor cells, also known as stem cells, are responsible for differentiating into osteoblasts, which are the cells that produce bone tissue. Osteocytes, on the other hand, are mature bone cells that are derived from osteoblasts. Therefore, osteoprogenitor cells do not directly maintain the population of osteocytes.